利用GRACE卫星数据提取苏门答腊地震同震和震后重力变化     

张国庆  付广裕  周新 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(2):303-308

基于GRACE重力卫星数据,采用P3M6去相关滤波技术、350 km半径的高斯平滑技术与差分方法,提取2004年苏门答腊Mw9.3地震的同震和震后重力场时空演化过程。该地震断层下盘同震重力变化达到4.6 μGal,上盘同震重力变化最大值为-8.3 μGal,该结果与球体位错理论计算结果在量级和分布形态上具有较好的一致性。震后7 a断层下盘重力变化累计达到5.6 μGal,超过同震变化信号|而断层上盘震后重力变化只有0.6 μGal,仅为同震变化信号的11%。该现象表明,断层下盘所在海洋地层的粘滞性较低,地层相对柔软,其地层在震后由于较大的粘滞性松弛效应而持续变形,并伴随较大的重力变化|而断层上盘所在的地层接近陆地地壳特性,地层相对脆硬,震后受地层的粘滞性响应而导致的重力变化相对较小。  相似文献   

附加电离层延迟约束的实时动态PPP快速重新初始化方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

丁文武  欧吉坤  李子申  袁运斌 《地球物理学报》2014,57(6):1720-1731

传统模式下,由于卫星信号中断等原因导致的实时动态PPP重新初始化问题将严重影响PPP的实际应用效果.针对上述问题,本文提出了一种有效的解决思路,首先设计了电离层延迟变化预报模型,并提出预报信息的定权方法,进而将上述预报结果作为虚拟观测值,联合历元间/星间差分观测数据估计得到周跳参数浮点解,并尝试固定,从而实现PPP快速重新初始化.该方法通过实现电离层预报结果权重的自适应确定,改善了参数估计结果的精度,提高了周跳修复成功率及可靠性.利用不同区域和不同时期的大量观测数据分析表明,周跳修复效果与测站位置、太阳活动及中断时长存在密切关系,当中断时间较短（90 s以内）时,均可以获得较高的成功率,平均达到90%以上,由此验证了本方法的有效性;随着中断时长进一步增大,不同地区和太阳活动情形下的修复效果存在显著差异,纬度越低,太阳活动越剧烈,成功率越低.  相似文献   

流变边界层及其对华北克拉通热/地震岩石圈底界差异的意义   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

何丽娟 《地球物理学报》2014,57(1):53-61

二维热传导/对流数值模型显示,纯传导的固体岩石圈与纯对流的流体软流圈之间存在一过渡层,即流变边界层,其间传导与对流共同作用来传递热量.流变边界层厚度主要由软流圈黏性系数（η）控制,而受固体岩石圈厚度及热状态影响很小.随着η从1×10²¹Pa·s降低至1×10¹⁹ Pa·s,流变边界层也随之减薄,流变边界层的厚度与lg（η）成正比. 流变边界层的存在是造成热岩石圈与地震岩石圈厚度差异的重要因素. 全球典型克拉通岩石圈的对比结果表明,地震岩石圈厚度普遍大于热岩石圈厚度,二者的差异多数在70~90 km,很好地验证了流变边界层的存在. 研究发现二者的差异在华北克拉通自西向东逐渐减小：由西部鄂尔多斯的约80 km减少至渤海湾盆地的约20 km. 反映出华北克拉通岩石圈下部流变边界层厚度自西向东减薄,意味着软流圈黏性系数自西向东逐渐降低.这可能与中生代太平洋俯冲脱水形成的低黏大地幔楔有关,从一侧面印证了太平洋俯冲对华北克拉通破坏的影响.  相似文献   

Kinematic interaction factors of deep foundations with inclined piles          下载免费PDF全文

Cristina Medina  Luis A. Padrón  Juan J. Aznárez  Ariel Santana  Orlando Maeso 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(13):2035-2050

The beneficial or detrimental role of battered piles on the dynamic response of piled foundations has not been yet fully elucidated. In order to shed more light on this aspect, kinematic interaction factors of deep foundations with inclined piles, are provided for single‐battered piles, as well as for 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 groups of piles subjected to vertically incident plane shear S waves. Piles are modelled as linear‐elastic Bernoulli beams, whereas soil is assumed to be a linear, isotropic, homogeneous viscoelastic half‐space. Different pile group configurations, pile‐soil stiffness ratios, and rake angles are considered. The relevance and main trends observed in the influence of the rake angle on the kinematic interaction factors of the analysed foundations are inferred from the presented results. An important dependence of the kinematic interaction factors on the rake angle is observed together with the existence of an inclination angle at which cap rotation and excitation become out of phase in the low‐to‐mid frequency range. The existence of a small batter angle that provides minimum cap rotation is also shown. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Kinematic model of crustal deformation of Fenwei basin,China based on GPS observations     

《Journal of Geodynamics》2014

Using high precision GPS data for the period of 1999–2007 from the China Crustal Movement Observation Network, we have constructed a plate kinematic model of crustal deformation of Fenwei basin, China. We have examined different kinematic models that can fit the horizontal crustal deformation of the Fenwei basin using three steps of testing. The first step is to carry out unbiasedness and efficiency tests of various models. The second step is to conduct significance tests of strain parameters of the models. The third step is to examine whether strain parameters can fully represent the deformation characteristics of the 11 tectonic blocks over the Fenwei basin. Our results show that the degree of rigidity at the Ordos, Hetao, Yinshan and South China blocks is significant at the 95% confidence level, indicating the crustal deformation of these blocks can be represented by a rigid block model without the need to consider differential deformation within blocks. We have demonstrated that homogeneous strain condition is suitable for the Yinchuan basin but not for other 6 blocks. Therefore, inhomogeneous strains within blocks should be considered when establishing the crustal deformation model for these blocks. We have also tested that not all of the quadratic terms of strain parameters are needed for the Yuncheng-Linfen block. Therefore, four kinds of elastic kinematic models that can best represent the detailed deformation characteristics of the 11 blocks of Fenwei basin are finally obtained. Based on the established model, we have shown that the current tectonic strain feature of the Fenwei basin is mainly characterized by tensile strain in the NW–SE direction, and the boundaries betweem the Ganqing and Ordos blocks and the Shanxi graben possess the maximum shear strain. A comparison between our results and past geological and geophysical investigations further confirms that the model established in this paper is reasonable.  相似文献   

不同应力状态下软黏土蠕变特性试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨爱武  张兆杰  孔令伟 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z2):53-60

土的蠕变性质受到许多因素的影响,在不同的应力条件下土会呈现出不同的性状。天津滨海吹填软土同样具有一般软土的蠕变特性,以其为研究对象,利用土体三轴流变试验机进行了三轴不固结不排水蠕变试验和单轴压缩蠕变试验,并选取了10个时间节点取样进行微型十字板剪切试验,研究抗剪强度变化规律。试验结果表明,单轴压缩蠕变和三轴蠕变历时曲线都具有非线性的特征,随应力水平的提高,单轴压缩蠕变的应力-应变等时曲线向应力轴靠拢,三轴蠕变的应力-应变等时曲线向应变轴靠拢;线性蠕变变形的情况下黏滞系数主要与时间有关,非线性的情况下与时间和应力水平都相关;在三轴蠕变状态下压缩模量随时间增长而减小,长期强度随时间先降低再趋于稳定;单轴压缩时压缩模量随时间增长而提高,长期强度随时间先增长后稳定。最后经过推导得出了不同应力状态下的长期强度随时间、偏应力的函数关系式。  相似文献   

双相多孔介质中体波传播特性影响参数研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘志军  夏唐代  张琼方  黄博 《岩土力学》2014,35(12):3443-3450

基于修正的Biot理论,通过数值计算分别研究了3种体波（P1、P2、S波）的波速和衰减与固体颗粒压缩性、频率、孔隙率、流体黏滞系数、动力渗透系数等参数之间的关系。分析结果表明：（1）P1、P2波的波速和衰减与固体颗粒压缩性之间近似呈线性变化关系,而S波则几乎保持不变,并通过定量比较发现,能否忽略固体颗粒压缩性的影响取决于固体骨架体变模量( )与固体颗粒体变模量( )的比值;（2）孔隙率对P1、S波波速的影响较为显著,并且预测当孔隙率接近于1.0时,P1、P2波之间发生相互转换;（3）3种体波的波速和衰减均随流体黏滞系数和动力渗透系数而变化,且在这两个参数下的变化规律基本相反;（4）3种体波的波速和衰减均随频率的增大而增大,其中,频率对P2波的影响较大。  相似文献   

Ibiza Absolute Calibration Experiment: Survey and Preliminary Results     

J. J. MARTINEZ-BENJAMIN  M. MARTINEZ-GARCIA  S. GONZALEZ LOPEZ  A. NUÑEZ ANDRES  F. BUILL POZUELO  M. ESPINO INFANTES 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):657-681

Within the framework of a project comprising part of the Spanish Space Program related to the JASON-1 CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales)/NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) mission, a campaign was conducted from June 9–17, 2003, on the Absolute Calibration Site of the island of Ibiza. The objective was to determine the local marine geoid slope under the ascending (187) and descending (248) Jason-1 ground tracks, in order to allow a better extrapolation of the open-ocean altimetric data with on-shore tide gauge locations, and thereby improve the overall precision of the calibration process. For this we have used a catamaran with two GPS antennas onboard, following the Corsica/Senetosa design (Bonnefond et al. 2003a Bonnefond, P., Exertier, P., Laurain, O., Menard, Y., Orsoni, A., Jeansou, E., Haines, B., Kubitschek, D. and Born, G. 2003a. Leveling Sea Surface using a GPS catamaran. Marine Geodesy, 26(3–4): 319–334. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Five GPS reference stations were deployed in order to reduce the distance between the areas covered by the catamaran and the fixed GPS receiver used in the kinematic process. The geodetic activities (e.g., GPS, leveling) have enabled the building of a very accurate (few mm) network in a reference frame compatible with the satellite altimetry missions (ITRF 2000). The GPS kinematic data were processed using two different software programmes, allowing checking of the consistency of the solutions. If the standard deviation of the differences (3.3 cm) is close to the kinematic process precision, they exhibit some large values (up to 14 cm). These large discrepancies have been reduced using a weighting based on the crossover differences. Inasmuch as the distances between the tide gauges and the areas covered by the GPS catamaran were becoming large, we have used the MOG2D ocean model (Carrère and Lyard 2003 Carrère, L. and Lyard, F. 2003. Modelling the barotropic response of the global ocean to atmospheric wind and pressure forcing—comparisons with observations. Geophys. Res. Letters, 30(6) [Google Scholar]) to correct the sea surface from tides. In the farthest areas, the crossover differences show an improvement by a factor of two. Finally, we also present preliminary results on Jason-1 altimeter calibration using the derived marine geoid. From this analysis, the altimeter bias is estimated to be 120 ± 5 mm. The quality of this first result validates the whole GPS-based marine geoid processing, for which the accuracy is estimated to be better than 3 cm rms at crossovers.  相似文献   

Leveling the Sea Surface Using a GPS-Catamaran Special Issue: Jason-1 Calibration/Validation     

《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):319-334

In the framework of the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 CNES-NASA missions, two probative experiments have been conducted at the Corsica absolute calibration site in order to determine the local marine geoid slope under the ascending TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 ground track (No. 85). An improved determination of the geoid slope was needed to better extrapolate the offshore (open-ocean) altimetric data to on-shore tide-gauge locations. This in turn improves the overall precision of the calibration process. The first experiment, in 1998, used GPS buoys. Because the time required to cover the extended area with GPS buoys was thought to be prohibitive, we decided to build a catamaran with two GPS systems onboard. Tracked by a boat at a constant speed, this innovative system permitted us to cover an area of about 20 km long and 5.4 km wide centered on the satellites' ground track. Results from an experiment in 1999 show very good consistency between GPS receivers: filtered sea-surface height differences have a mean bias of ?0.2 cm and a standard deviation of 1.2 cm. No systematic error or distortions have been observed and crossover differences have a mean value of 0.2 cm with a standard deviation of 2.7 cm. Comparisons with tide gauges data show a bias of 1.9 cm with a standard deviation of less than 0.5 cm. However, this bias, attributable in large part to the effect of the catamaran speed on the waterline, does not affect the geoid slope determination which is used in the altimeter calibration process. The GPS-deduced geoid slope was then incorporated in the altimeter calibration process, yielding a significant improvement (from 4.9 to 3.3 cm RMS) in the agreement of altimeter bias determinations from repeated overflight measurements.  相似文献   

考虑土石料颗粒破碎和密度变化的次塑性本构模型建模方法     

周成  陈生水  何建村  何宁  吴艳  张桂荣 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z2):18-21

试验和现场观测都发现高土石坝的坝料在高压及湿化作用下会发生显著的颗粒破碎,颗粒破碎会改变土石料的级配曲线和密度,因而影响其后继力学行为,因此,土石料的颗粒破碎是当前岩土工程领域的研究热点。为了模拟土石料在高压及湿化作用下发生显著的颗粒破碎现象,以及循环加载中的颗粒破碎与应力诱导各向异性随动硬化共同影响下土石料的变形,本文提出了一个建模方法,考虑土石料颗粒破碎和密度变化的影响。所建议的次塑性本构模型在经过试验资料的验证后可用于动力有限元数值计算。  相似文献