全文获取类型
收费全文 | 689篇 |
免费 | 68篇 |
国内免费 | 88篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 116篇 |
大气科学 | 16篇 |
地球物理 | 197篇 |
地质学 | 239篇 |
海洋学 | 89篇 |
天文学 | 19篇 |
综合类 | 44篇 |
自然地理 | 125篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 24篇 |
2015年 | 23篇 |
2014年 | 32篇 |
2013年 | 45篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 33篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 38篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 39篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 38篇 |
2001年 | 26篇 |
2000年 | 31篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 34篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有845条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
V. P. Singh 《水文研究》1995,9(7):783-796
Error equations for the kinematic wave and diffusion wave approximations with lateral inflow neglected in the momentum equation are derived under simplified conditions for space-independent flows. These equations specify error as a function of time in the flow hydrograph. The kinematic wave, diffusion wave and dynamic wave solutions are parameterized through a dimensionless parameter γ which is dependent on the initial conditions. This parameter reflects the effect of initial flow depth, channel-bed slope, lateral inflow, infiltration and channel roughness when the initial condition is non-vanishing; it reflects the effect of bed slope, channel roughness and acceleration due to gravity when the initial condition is vanishing. The error equations are found to be the Riccati equation. The structure of the error equations in the case when the momentum equation neglects lateral inflow is different from that when the lateral inflow is included. 相似文献
62.
We review the historical, geological, tide-gauge, GPS and gravimetric evidence advanced in favour of, or against, continuing
land uplift around Hudson Bay, Canada. We also reanalyse the tide-gauge and GPS data for Churchill using longer time series
than those available to previous investigators. The dependence of the mean rate of relative sea-level change obtained from
the tide-gauge record on the length and mid-epoch of the observation interval considered is investigated by means of a newly
developed linear-trend analysis diagram. For studying the shorter-period variability of the tide-gauge record, the wavelet
transform is used. The mean rate of land uplift obtained from GPS is based on a new analysis using IGS solutions of GFZ. To
include the post-glacial land uplift, sea-level indicators from the Churchill region representing the relative sea-level history
during the past 8000 years are also used. Finally, the values of the four observables are jointly inverted in terms of mantle
viscosity. The optimum values are ~3.2 × 1020 Pa s and ~1.6 × 1022 Pa s for the upper- and lower-mantle viscosities, respectively. 相似文献
63.
LBM钻井液是一种低粘度低失水量的高效造浆材料,通过在绳索取心中应用,证明了LBM钻井液具有良好的抑制水敏性地层膨胀与分散的能力.可有效防止粘附卡钻事故及解决钻杆内壁结垢问题.是绳索取心钻进较理想的钻井液材料。 相似文献
64.
高温高压下水的剪切粘滞度的平衡分子动力学计算 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本项工作用TIP4P模型对水分子进行了平衡分子动力学模拟。根据Green-Kubo理论,计算了温度从652K到814K,密度从0.5360g/cm3到0.8638g/cm3六个不同温度和密度水的剪切粘滞度,并和实验值进行了对比。在所计算的温度和密度范围,平衡分子动力学计算结果与实验值的平均绝对值差别为15%,好于使用非平衡分子动力学方法获得的粘滞度值。平衡分子动力学的方法将是获得地学中高温高压下流体输运性质的重要途径。 相似文献
65.
66.
We consider the kinematic production of magnetic fields in a sphere by velocity fields dominated by differential rotation and spiralling convective cells. The high magnetic Reynolds number limit of Braginsky (1964) is considered and formulae are derived allowing an α-effect parametrization of such flows to be easily calculated. This permits an axisymmetric system to be investigated in parallel with the direct 3-D numerical computations. Good agreement between the asymptotic and 3-D calculations is found. The 'spiralling' property typical of convective motion in rotating spheres is important in terms of dynamo action; the differential rotation coexisting with this feature is also vital. Indeed, it is the presence of both features which allows the analysis of Braginsky to be employed. With flows approximating the columnar form anticipated for rapidly rotating convection, dynamo action is relatively easily achieved for all azimuthal wavenumbers; modes of differing wavenumbers interact almost by a simple superposition. With flows of more complex latitudinal form, the mutual interactions between modes become more complicated. For columnar-type flows, dipole magnetic fields are favoured when the sense of outward spiralling is prograde and the zonal flow is eastwards, as is physically preferred. 相似文献
67.
Duke U. Ophori 《Hydrogeology Journal》1998,6(2):193-203
Flow of groundwater with variable density and viscosity was simulated at the Atikokan Research Area (ARA) in northwestern
Ontario, Canada. An empirical viscosity–concentration equation was modified to include total-dissolved-solids (TDS) data from
the ARA. The resulting equation was used successfully to estimate reasonably accurate viscosity values over the expected range
of temperature and concentration, in comparison with experimental values derived for sodium chloride solutions. A three-dimensional
finite-element code, MOTIF, developed by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, was used in the simulations. The inclusion of the
effects of depth-increasing temperature and TDS-dependent fluid-density distribution, while maintaining only a temperature-dependent
viscosity relationship in a simulation, resulted in a more penetrative flow against expected buoyancy effects (i.e., the physics
of the system was not honored). Accounting for concentration in the viscosity equation caused water to be less penetrative
and more in accordance with the expected physics of the system. A conclusion is that fluid concentration should be considered
simultaneously in calculating the density and viscosity of a fluid during modeling of variable-density flow in areas underlain
by fluids with high TDS. Results of simulations suggest that both flow directions and magnitudes should be employed simultaneously
during the calibration of a model. Large-scale groundwater movement in the ARA may be analyzed with carefully selected vertical
no-flow boundaries. By incorporating the geothermal temperature gradient, groundwater recharge increases by 12%; thus, this
gradient plays a significant role in groundwater flow at the ARA. Variability in the fluid concentration at the ARA neither
decreases nor increases recharge into the groundwater system. The hypothesis that an isolated continuous regional flow system
may exist at depth in the ARA is not supported by these simulations.
Received, September 1996 Revised, September 1997, February 1998 Accepted, February 1998 相似文献
68.
69.
Abstract The physically-based flood frequency models use readily available rainfall data and catchment characteristics to derive the flood frequency distribution. In the present study, a new physically-based flood frequency distribution has been developed. This model uses bivariate exponential distribution for rainfall intensity and duration, and the Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method for deriving the probability density function (pdf) of effective rainfall. The effective rainfall-runoff model is based on kinematic-wave theory. The results of application of this derived model to three Indian basins indicate that the model is a useful alternative for estimating flood flow quantiles at ungauged sites. 相似文献
70.
The numerical model COUP 2D simulates the hydrological coupling between hillslopes and the river channel during a rainfall event. In order to test the numerical model, a 1:100 scaled laboratory flume which was modified to incorporate lateral hillslope elements, was used to run a series of experiments in which hillslope angle, channel angle, hillslope discharge and channel discharge were the varying parameters. Overall, there were 18 different experimental configurations with three replicates carried out for each condition, leading to a total of 54 experiments. These conditions were then used to parameterize and run COUP 2D. Internal model outputs of flow depth and flow velocity at four cross‐sections in the channel were compared to the measurements made in the physical model for the same parameter conditions. Statistical comparisons of the measured and modelled data were carried out for each experiment and across all experiments, using two goodness‐of‐fit measures—root mean square error and Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency—in order to assess the performance of the model over an entire simulation as well as over all the simulations. The main effects on the goodness‐of‐fit measures for flow depth of each experimental variable, as well as the interactions between variables, were evaluated using statistical modelling. The results show that the model captures flow‐depth variations in response to changing channel and hillslope parameters. Statistical modelling suggests that the main effects on model error are cross‐section position, channel angle and channel discharge. Significant interactions also occur between all the channel variables and between the channel variables and hillslope discharge. The results of the testing procedure have significant implications for the consideration of different model components and for the interaction between data‐ and model evaluation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献