两种废物材料在地下水环境治理中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

周睿  赵勇胜  张文静  任何军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(1):112-116

实验利用粉煤灰和矿化垃圾两种废物材料作为反应屏障的反应介质用于修复受渗滤液污染的地下水环境。所设计的两个反应器A、B分别填充矿化垃圾和粉煤灰,利用它们的吸附能力、阳离子交换能力以及微生物的作用去除污染质。试验结果表明:A、B两柱COD的去除率最高可达66%和59%,对铵氮的去除率柱A明显优于柱B,最高可达92.7%,并在81%左右保持稳定。另外柱A对硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除效果也优于柱B。说明矿化垃圾作为反应屏障介质更加经济可行,可以达到以废治废的目的。  相似文献   

Redox Processes in Groundwater Impacted by Landfill Leachate   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Leif Basberg  David Banks  Ola M. Sæther 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1998,4(2):253-272

Groundwater downgradient from Trandum municipallandfill was investigated in summer 1996, with a viewto assessing the distribution of redox-sensitivespecies. The water table at Trandum is 10–26 metersbelow the surface. Monitoring well filters have beeninstalled at depths of up to 15 m below water table,covering an area of 400 m by 200 m. Groundwaterinfluenced by the landfill seems to be confined tothis area. Pristine groundwater has a chemicalsignature indicative of calcite and pyrite weathering.Groundwater influenced by leachate from the landfillexhibits an excess of alkalinity relative to calcium,which is likely to be derived from degradation oforganic matter in the landfill. Groundwaterimmediately below and downstream of the landfillcontains elevated concentrations of Fe and Mn, largelymobilized under reducing conditions from the aquifermatrix and reflected in depleted HNO₃-extractable Feand Mn in sediment samples from the same area.Groundwater samples allow the tentative identificationof redox zones based on oxidized and reduced forms ofFe, Mn, N and S. A methanogenic zone is notobserved.  相似文献   

铀矿山废渣治理方法研究     

李冰峰  秦茂钊 《四川地质学报》2006,26(1):59-61

以砂岩型铀矿为对象,重点研究了铀矿渣的治理方法。对矿渣堆治理前后矿床周围的相关人群进行环境检测,结果表明,治理结果良好。  相似文献   

Metal speciation and attenuation in stream waters and sediments contaminated by landfill leachate     

Vojtěch Ettler  Marek Matura  Martin Mihaljevič  Petr Bezdička 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(4):610-619

The degree of metal contamination (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd) has been investigated in the vicinity of an old unmonitored municipal landfill in Prague, Czech Republic, where the leachate is directly drained into a surface stream. The water chemistry was coupled with investigation of the stream sediment (aqua regia extract, sequential extraction, voltammetry of microparticles) and newly formed products (SEM/EDS, XRD). The MINTEQA2 speciation-solubility calculation showed that the metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni) are mainly present as carbonate complexes in leachate-polluted surface waters. These waters were oversaturated with respect to Fe(III) oxyhydroxides, calcite (CaCO₃) and other carbonate phases. Three metal attenuation mechanisms were identified in leachate-polluted surface waters: (i) spontaneous precipitation of metal-bearing calcite exhibiting significant concentrations of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Mg, Sr, Ba, Pb, Zn, Ni); (ii) binding to Fe(III) oxyhydroxides (mainly goethite, FeOOH) (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni); and (iii) preferential bonding to sediment organic matter (Cu). These processes act as the key scavenging mechanisms and significantly decrease the metal concentrations in leachate-polluted water within 200 m from the direct leachate outflow into the stream. Under the near-neutral conditions governing the sediment/water interface in the landfill environment, metals are strongly bound in the stream sediment and remain relatively immobile.  相似文献   

Secondary Silicates as a Barrier to Carbon Capture and Storage in Deccan Basalt     

Amit KUMAR  J.P. SHRIVASTAVA 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(3):861-876

Investigating the immobilization of CO2, previous basalt-water-CO2 interaction studies revealed the formation of carbonates over a short period, but with the extensive formation of secondary silicates (SS). The mechanisms involved in these processes remain unresolved, so the present study was undertaken to understand secondary mineral formation mechanisms. XRPD and Rietveld refinement data for neo-formed minerals show a drastic decrease in the Ca-O bond length, with the calcite structure degenerating after 80 h (hours). However, SEM images and EDS data revealed that a longer interaction time resulted in the formation of chlorite and smectite, adjacent to basalt grains which prevent basalt-water-CO2 interaction to form carbonates, thus restricting carbonate formation. As a result of this, the CO2 mineralization rate is initially high (till 80 h), but it later reduces drastically. It is evident that, for such temperature-controlled transformations, low temperature is conducive to minimizing SS surface coating at the time of mineral carbonation.  相似文献   

Determination of Nutrient Deficiency in Stormwater from the Wood Industry for Biological Treatment          下载免费PDF全文

Henric Svensson  Henrik Hansson  William Hogland 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(1):38-43

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Application of geophysical monitoring techniques as aids to probabilistic risk-based management of landfill sites     

G FERRIER  L E FROSTICK  T SPLAJT 《The Geographical journal》2009,175(4):304-314

Increasingly stringent regulatory regimes, in conjunction with landfill development in environmentally sensitive locations and the large number of abandoned landfill sites, are significantly increasing the responsibilities of local authorities and environmental agencies. These responsibilities include the identification and/or monitoring of: locations of contaminated land; boundaries of waste sites; nature of the landfill content; location, extent, content and depth of closed landfill sites; leachate plumes escaping from both operational and closed sites and the performance of landfill liners. Probabilistic risk based modelling is a standard methodology for monitoring and managing the environmental impact of landfill sites. A critical problem in the implementation of probabilistic risk based modelling is the large uncertainty in the shallow geology, internal structure and leachate distribution of landfills caused by the severe lack of both surface and subsurface information from within and outside the landfill site. The utility of two non-invasive ground based geophysical monitoring techniques, ground penetrating radar and reflectance spectroscopy, as aids to characterising the three-dimensional structure and distribution of leachate within a landfill has been investigated. Strong correlations between red edge inflection position and chlorophyll and metal concentration have been demonstrated from grassland species affected by leachate contamination of the soil adjacent to the landfill study site. The results of this study have demonstrated how recent advances in equipment, techniques and software mean that field-based reflectance spectroscopy and Ground Penetrating Radar can now provide environmental scientists with cost-effective, rapid techniques to characterise landfill sites in three dimensions, aid landfill managers in positioning additional boreholes and field sampling surveys, and provide data as inputs to leachate migration modelling.  相似文献   

Investigation of Liner Systems in Transport of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Sanitary Landfill: A Case Study     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(1)

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小麦麸皮水浸提液对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)光合色素含量和叶绿素荧光诱导动力学的影响     

李藩  李仁辉  于晓章  邵继海 《湖泊科学》2013,25(3):373-377

小麦麸皮水浸提液(WBL)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)具有较强的抑制作用.为了阐明铜绿微囊藻光合系统对WBL胁迫的响应,本文分析了WBL胁迫下M.aeruginosa CHAB-109细胞光合色素含量及叶绿素荧光诱导动力学变化.结果显示,当WBL浓度为1.6和3.2 g/L时,M.aeruginosa CHAB-109单位细胞内Chl.a和类胡萝卜素含量均显著低于对照.Chl.a光诱导荧光动力学分析结果显示,WBL胁迫下单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、单位反应中心捕获的用于还原QA的能量(TR0/RC)及单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量(ET0/RC)均受到显著抑制.光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)能量分配比率参数分析结果显示,WBL对光合系统反应中心电子供体侧没有影响,但是显著抑制光合系统反应中心电子受体侧电子传递.综合分析WBL诱导下M.aeruginosa CHAB-109 PSⅡ能量流动比活性能参数和能量分配比率参数显示,反应中心电子受体侧电子由反应中心传递到QA及QA更远的部位均为WBL的抑制作用位点.  相似文献   

钻孔灌注桩施工过程中垃圾渗滤液对地下水的污染分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨明亮  姚海林  冯其林  骆行文 《岩土力学》2005,26(4):586-590

采用大直径钻孔灌注桩时,施工时会破坏现有垃圾填埋场的防渗体系,且渗滤液将对地下水造成一定程度的污染。通过对基桩施工过程中渗滤液污染传输过程以及特征进行分析,提出了包括全护筒支护、膨润土泥浆护壁以及减少钻孔成孔至灌注混凝土的间隔时间等控制污染的主要措施,建立了基桩施工过程中钻孔泥浆浆液的损失模型以及渗滤液传输到地水下中的污染物质浓度的计算模型。根据某一具体施工条件进行估算,预测了地下水中污染物质浓度以及污染程度。最后,提出了垃圾填埋场内钻孔灌注桩的施工工艺以及施工注意事项。  相似文献