澜沧江流域云南段景观格局分析   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

甘淑  何大明  党承林 《云南地理环境研究》2003,15(3):33-39

流域作为一个特殊的地理生态环境区域,流域景观空间格局状况是进行流域环境资源管理的基础依据。针对澜沧江-湄公河国际河流上游云南段,基于遥感监测所获得的土地覆盖斑块信息,就该地区景观格局进行分析研究。初步结果表明：研究区内景观类型丰富,不同景观类型斑块大小的平均水平,以及斑块密度差异明显;山区早地斑块景观,作为人类驱动影响的直观外在表现,它对本流域山区景观格局具有主导作用。  相似文献   

Reversed polarity patches at the CMB and geomagnetic field reversal     

徐文耀  魏自刚 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(6):540-549

The International Geomagnetic Reference Field models (IGRF) for 1900–2000 are used to calculate the geomagnetic field distribution in the Earth’ interior from the ground surface to the core-mantle boundary (CMB) under the assumption of insulated mantle. Four reversed polarity patches, as one of the most important features of the CMB field, are revealed. Two patches with +Z polarity (downward) at the southern African and the southern American regions stand out against the background of ™Z polarity (upward) in the southern hemisphere, and two patches of ™Z polarity at the North Polar and the northern Pacific regions stand out against the +Z background in the northern hemisphere. During the 1900–2000 period the southern African (SAF) patch has quickly drifted westward at a speed of 0.20–.3° /a; meanwhile its area has expanded 5 times, and the magnetic flux crossing the area has intensified 30 times. On the other hand, other three patches show little if any change during this 100-year period. Extending upward, each of the reversed polarity patches at the CMB forms a chimney-shaped “reversed polarity column” in the mantle with the bottom at the CMB. The height of the SAF column has grown rapidly from 200km in 1900 to 900km in 2000. If the column grows steadily at the same rate in the future, its top will reach to the ground surface in 600–700 years. And then a reversed polarity patch will be observed at the Earth’s surface, which will be an indicator of the beginning of a magnetic field reversal. On the basis of this study, one can describe the process of a geomagnetic polarity reversal, the polarity reversal may be observed firstly in one or several local regions; then the areas of these regions expand, and at the same time, other new reversed polarity regions may appear. Thus several poles may exist during a polarity reversal.  相似文献   

青藏铁路巴嘎榨岛状多年冻土的成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

时环生 《水文地质工程地质》2002,29(6):48-50

青藏铁路地质条件复杂，多年冻土分布广泛，对多年冻土的调查评价是铁路设计与建设中的重要因素之一，本文通过对巴嗄榨岛状多年冻土的成因分析，并结合钻探、物探、测温等综合勘探成果，查明了该段多年冻土的工程地质条件，为铁路设计和施工提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

一种宽频带圆极化微带贴片天线设计     

万涛 《全球定位系统》2008,33(4):59-62

利用双馈点法设计了一个覆盖GPS和GLONASS频段（1570MHz～1620MHz）的宽频带圆极化微带贴片天线。与传统单馈点圆极化贴片天线相比较,这类天线将辐射贴片与馈电网络集成在一起,可获得令人满意的阻抗及轴比带宽。在1．575GHz和1．610GHz时的实测天顶方向轴比均小于1．5dB,增益均大于4dB。该天线性能较好,加工调试简便,在卫星导航等领域具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

欧泊结晶状态和色斑研究的新发现          下载免费PDF全文

尹作为  赵雁 《地球科学》2000,25(3):302-305

欧泊的结晶状态和色斑问题一直以来是人们探讨的重要问题.对于区分天然欧泊与人工合成欧泊的重要鉴别特征“丝绢状”和“蜂巢状”色斑的成因问题, 研究甚少.通过宝石学常规测试、扫描电镜、X -射线粉晶衍射等测试手段, 进行测试和分析, 结果表明: 欧泊是由非晶态→雏晶→亚显微隐晶态→隐晶态的这种连续渐变的状态构成, 各状态之间并无截然的界限, 并且可以是这些不同状态的集合体; 提出了欧泊与玉髓之间的宝石学界定标准, 还揭示了两种色斑形成的不同机制: “丝绢”是由天然欧泊内部的显微构造裂隙对光产生散射而形成的, 而“蜂巢”是由合成欧泊自身结构中SiO₂球体排布与球体本身透光性决定的.对这两种色斑成因的揭示, 为欧泊鉴定提供了理论依据.   相似文献   

Indicators of Great Basin rangeland health     

Amrita G. de Soyza  Justin W. Van Zee  Walter G. Whitford  Anne Neale  Nita Tallent-Hallsel  Jeffrey E. Herrick  Kris M. Havstad 《Journal of Arid Environments》2000,45(4):289

Early-warning indicators of rangeland health can be used to estimate the functional integrity of a site and may allow sustainable management of desert rangelands. The utility of several vegetation canopy-based indicators of rangeland health at 32 Great Basin rangeland locations was investigated. The indicators were originally developed in rangelands of the Chihuahuan Desert. Soil resources are lost through wind and water-driven erosion mainly from areas unprotected by plant canopies (i.e. bare soil). Study sites in Idaho had the smallest bare patches, followed by sites in Oregon. The more arid Great Basin Sagebrush Zone sites in Utah had the largest bare patches. Several vegetational indicators including percent cover by vegetation, percent cover by life-form, percent cover by sagebrush, and percent cover by resilient species were negatively related to mean bare patch size and are potential indicators of Great Basin rangeland condition. Plant community composition and the range of bare patch sizes were different at sites in the three locations in Idaho, Oregon and Utah. Therefore, expected indicator values are location specific and should not be extrapolated to other locations. The condition of study sites were often ranked differently by different indicators. Therefore, the condition of rangeland sites should be evaluated using several indicators.  相似文献   

基于改进RANSAC算法的复杂建筑物屋顶点云分割     

刘亚坤  李永强  刘会云  孙渡  赵上斌 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(8):1497-1507

屋顶模型重建影响到建筑物完整模型重建质量,屋顶面点云分割质量对屋顶模型重建具有重要意义。针对传统RANSAC算法在屋顶点云面片分割时易产生错分割、过分割等问题,本文顾及点云位置信息,提出一种对点云重新分配的改进RANSAC点云分割算法。算法暂时剔除非平面内点,选取平面内点集中3个点作为初始样本,平面拟合判定邻域是否有效,从有效邻域中选取标准差值最小的3个点为初始模型。利用RANSAC算法对屋顶点云进行分割。利用K近邻算法统计误分类点与面片的距离降低误分类,优化过分割面片并进行连通性分析,利用距离及法向量一致性检验的方法重分配非平面内点。为验证本文算法有效性,选取芬兰Helsinki地区的3栋相互独立的复杂建筑物屋顶以及上海某小区的6栋建筑物群屋顶作为实验数据。在2组数据中,本文提出的改进RANSAC算法分割屋顶面片的平均准确率分别为92.17%、87.82%,78%的建筑物屋顶不存在过分割。在第2组数据中,所有分割面片上的点与其对应的最佳拟合平面的距离的标准差的平均值为0.030 m。实验结果表明,本文算法分割建筑物屋顶面片的准确率较高,较好的抑制了过分割现象,且抗噪能力强。  相似文献   

An application of Coons patch to generate grid-based digital elevation models     

Chuanfa Chen  Yanyan Li  Honglei Dai 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

We have presented a new method for generating grid-based digital elevation models (DEMs) based on Coons patch. A series of Gaussian synthetic surfaces with various surface complexities were employed to comparatively analyze the simulation accuracies of Coons patch and the classical interpolation methods, such as IDW, Natural neighbor, SPLINE and KRIGING. Results indicate that irrespective of terrain complexity, Coons patch is much more accurate than the classical interpolation methods, and the accuracy of Coons patch is about 327.30, 15.19, 3.66 and 40.07 times as high as the accuracies of IDW, Natural neighbor, SPLINE and KRIGING on average. A real-world test area was used to test the effect of sampling density on the simulation accuracy. The results indicate that Coons patch has a higher accuracy than the classical interpolation methods regardless of sampling density. In a word, Coons patch as an accurate interpolation method can be used for grid-based DEM construction.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1987,39(3):363-386

Book Reviewed in this article: Hillslope Processes. Binghamton Symposia in Geomorphology International Series: 16. Athol D. Abrahams , ed. The Atlas of Central America and the Caribbean. The Diagram Group . The Cultural Atlas of Islam. Isma'il R. al Faruqi and Lois Lamaya'al Faruqi . Atlas of Israel Contemporary Africa: Development, Culture and the State. Morag Bell . Fundamentals of Physical Geography. David Briggs and Peter Smithson . The Bicentennial Census: New Directions for Methodology in 1990. Constance F. Citro and Michael L. Cohen , eds . World Patterns of Modern Urban Change: Essays in Honor of Chauncy D. Harris. Michael P. Conzen , ed . New Directions for Agriculture and Agricultural Research: Neglected Dimensions and Emerging Alternatives. Kenneth A. Dahlberg , ed . Water Resources Atlas of Florida. E.A. Fernald and D.J. Patton , eds . Landscape Ecology. R.T.T. Forman and M. Godron . The Myth of the North American City: Continentalism Challenged. Michael Goldberg and John Mercer . The Permafrost Environment. Stuart A. Harris . Climate and Circulation of the Tropics. Stefan Hastenrath . The Island of South Georgia. Robert Headland . The Making of Urban Europe, 1000-1950. Paul M. Hohenberg and Lynn Hollen Lees . Bombay in Transition: The Growth and Social Ecology of a Colonial City, 1889–1980. Meera Kosambi . Plant Closings; Public or Private Choices? Richard B. McKenzie , ed . Malaysia: Tradition, Modernity and Islam. R.S. Milne and Diane K. Mauzy . Technology on the Frontier: Mining in Old Ontario. Dianne Newell . The Maritime Political Boundaries of the World. J.R.V. Prescott . Tall Office Buildings in the United States. James W. Pygman and Richard Kateley (Real Estate Research Corporation). Technology, Regions, and Policy. John Rees , ed . The United States and the Regional Organization of Asia and the Pacific: 1965-1985. W.W. Rostow . Renewable Energy: Progress, Prospects. Stephen W. Sawyer Wisconsin Foundations. Gwen Schultz . Dwelling, Place and Environment: Towards a Phenomenology of Person and World. David Seamon and Robert Mugerauer , eds . Power and Place: Canadian Urban Development in the North American Context. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise , eds . Small Firms in Regional Economic Development: Britain, Ireland and the United States. D. J. Storey , ed . Mathematical Methods in Human Geography and Planning. A. G. Wilson and R. J. Bennett . El Niño North: Niño Effects on the Eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean. W. S. Wooster and D. L. Fluharty , eds . The Soviet Iron and Steel Industry. Craig ZumBrunnen and Jeffrey Osleeb .  相似文献   

一种邻接区域平面元融合的桥面分割方法     

张兴岩  李琦  梁栋  蒲洁 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(8):863-869

针对桥梁点云的桥面分割问题,提出一种邻接区域平面元融合的桥面分割方法。首先对点云进行体素化处理获得体素点云,利用超体素空间和法线约束准则进行桥梁点云过分割;然后利用面片法线的方向和模长进行面片过滤,获得包含桥面的候选面片;最后对候选面片进行邻接区域平面元融合,使用统计分布方法筛选融合区域,获得桥面点云。实验证明,该方法可以有效分割桥梁点云的桥面,稳定性较高且能保留体素化前的原始数据。相较于区域生长法和超体素区域生长法,该方法在跨区域融合方面有较好的抑制作用,更适用于桥梁点云的桥面分割。  相似文献