印欧大陆碰撞前亚洲大陆南缘古位置再研究:林周盆地上白垩统红层的古地磁新结果          下载免费PDF全文

梁雅伦  黄宝春  易治宇  张也  闫永刚  张东海 《地球物理学报》2017,60(5):1811-1824

拉萨地块林周盆地白垩系红层的古地磁数据一直都有较大争议.过去认为磁倾角变浅可能是造成这些分歧的主要原因.我们在林周盆地设兴组背斜两翼进行了系统的古地磁采样,15个采样点的特征剩磁分量在倾斜校正和倾伏褶皱校正后平均方向为D=339.3°,I=22.9°(α_(95)=5.1°).特征剩磁分量在大约69%展开时获得最大集中,表明其为同褶皱重磁化;此时平均方向为D=339.1°,I=27.3°(α_(95)=4.1°),对应的古地磁极为65.4°N,327.5°E(A_(95)=3.5°),参考点29.3°N/88.5°E的古纬度为15.0°N±3.5°.薄片镜下分析显示赤铁矿为次生矿物,岩石磁组构(AMS)也表现为过渡型构造变形组构.样品的特征剩磁方向应为重磁化的结果,E/I(elongation vs inclination)校正法显示特征剩磁方向并没有发生倾角变浅.根据区域构造,重磁化时代约为72.4±1.8 Ma到64.4±0.6 Ma.综合考虑拉萨地块东西部的古地磁数据以及地震层析成像资料后我们认为,碰撞前拉萨地块大约呈NW-SE向准线性分布,并处于~10°N-15.0°N;自~70 Ma以来,拉萨地块与稳定欧亚大陆之间至少存在1200±400 km(11.1°±3.5°)的南北向构造缩短量;印度大陆与欧亚大陆的碰撞不应晚于55 Ma.  相似文献   

唐古拉山中侏罗统缅甸光牡蛎(Liostrea birmanica REED)壳层的事件沉积成因及其环境意义     

阴家润  史晓颖  苟金  雷振宇 《现代地质》1992,6(3):254

唐古拉山地区中侏罗统产出丰富的牡蛎类化石,特别是缅甸光牡蛎Liostrea bir—manica Reed分布更为广泛,而且多以介壳层形式产出。在唐古拉山的冬曲,窝布茸曲及青藏公路108道班等地剖面上,栖息于软基底的表生底栖双壳类Liostrea birmanica形成近原地埋葬的介壳层堆积;内生的Ceratomya动物群则多散布于沉积物中,形成原地埋葬的化石群．它们和以丛藻迹Chondrites为主体的遗迹化石群依次重复出现,构成一个和风暴沉积事件相关的底栖动物群替代序列。Liostrea birmanica介壳层是风暴高峰期的侵蚀和再沉积所形成的,风暴期以后水下沉积间断所形成的轻度固化的软基底则迅速地被潜穴生物占领(丛藻迹Chondrites ich—nosp．和根珊瑚迹Rhizocorallium ichnoSp．);而以深挖穴滤食类型为主的Ceralomya组合则是好天气时的原地埋葬。在大多数情况下,它们指示着介于正常浪基面以下,风暴浪基面以上的低沉积速率浅水碳酸岩台地沉积环境。  相似文献   

冀东油田南堡凹陷南堡2号构造带烃源岩地球化学特征与油源对比   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

贾齐山  李胜利  马乾  徐文世 《地质力学学报》2006,12(4):469-475

南堡凹陷南堡2号构造带主要含油层段为古近系东营组东一段砂岩及奥陶系灰岩。对典型井老堡南1井原油与烃源岩的多项有机化学指标分析表明:南堡2号构造带烃源岩形成的沉积环境为陆相浅湖弱还原环境;东一段与东二段烃源岩表现出未成熟的特征;东三段与沙河街组烃源岩表现出成熟的特征,其生烃深度门限在3100m左右,主力生烃门限为3700m以下的沙河街组。通过油、岩饱和烃色谱-质谱参数综合对比,东营组一段的原油主要来自沙河街组一段的烃源岩,为"下生上储"油气藏;而奥陶系原油主要来自沙三段的烃源岩,为"新生古储"油气藏。   相似文献   

黄鳍棘鲷微卫星标记开发及其在鲷科鱼类中的跨物种扩增          下载免费PDF全文

吴仁协  翟云  肖瑶  牛素芳  张浩冉  黎晓  陈伟勇 《应用海洋学学报》2019,38(3):356-364

采用基于高通量测序平台的SLAF-seq技术,开发出47个高多态性的黄鳍棘鲷(Acanthopagrus latus)微卫星标记,其中二碱基重复位点17个,三至六碱基重复位点30个。各位点的等位基因数为2～27(均值为10),观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0. 156～0. 938(均值为0. 682)和0. 177～0. 963(均值为0. 741),多态信息含量(PIC)为0. 166～0. 946(均值为0. 705)。经Bonferroni校正后,有43个位点符合哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE),其余4个位点偏离HWE。这些多态性微卫星标记为黄鳍棘鲷遗传资源研究提供新的有效分子标记。跨物种扩增结果显示,共有31个黄鳍棘鲷微卫星标记可在9种鲷科鱼类中成功扩增。其中17个标记在太平洋棘鲷(Acanthopagrus pacificus)、黑棘鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)和澳洲棘鲷(Acanthopagrus australis)中具有较好的通用性,这些标记可为棘鲷属(Acanthopagrus)的系统进化和种群遗传学分析提供新的标记来源;另有3个标记在二长棘梨齿鲷(Evynnis cardinalis)、真赤鲷(Pagrus major)、蓝点赤鲷(Pagrus caeruleostictus)及黄牙鲷(Dentex hypselosomus)中具有通用性。  相似文献   

Distribution and origin of hybrid beds in sand-rich submarine fans of the Tanqua depocentre, Karoo Basin, South Africa   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

David M. Hodgson   《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009,26(10):1940

This study documents the stratigraphic and palaeogeographic distribution of hybrid event beds that comprise both debris-flow (cohesive) and turbidity current (non-cohesive) deposits. This is the first study of such beds in a submarine fan system to combine outcrop and research borehole control, and uses a dataset from the Skoorsteenberg Formation of the Tanqua depocentre in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Three types of 0.1–1.0 m thick hybrid beds are observed, which have a basal weakly graded fine-grained sandstone turbidite division overlain by a division of variable composition that can comprise 1) poorly sorted carbonaceous-rich material supported by a mud-rich and micaceous sand-matrix; 2) poorly sorted mudstone clasts in a mud-rich sand-silt matrix; or 3) gravel-grade, rounded mudstone clasts in a well sorted (mud-poor) sandstone matrix. These upper divisions are interpreted respectively as: 1) the deposit of a debris-flow most likely derived from shelf-edge collapse; 2) the deposit of a debris flow, most likely developed through flow transformation from turbidity current that eroded a muddy substrate; and 3) from a turbidity current with mudstone clasts transported towards the rear of the flow. All three hybrid bed types are found concentrated at the fringes of lobes that were deposited during fan initiation and growth. The basinward stepping of successive lobes means that the hybrid beds are concentrated at the base of stratigraphic successions in medial and distal fan settings. Hybrid beds are absent in proximal fan positions, and rare and thin in landward-stepping lobes deposited during fan retreat. This distribution is interpreted to reflect the enhanced amounts of erosion and availability of mud along the transport route during early lowstands of sea level. Therefore, hybrid beds can be used to indicate a fan fringe setting, infer lobe stacking patterns, and have a sequence stratigraphic significance.  相似文献   

三种蛏的遗传多样性分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邵艳卿  陆荣茂  董迎辉  柴雪良  肖国强  林志华 《海洋科学》2009,33(10):26-30

应用AFLP技术对浙南地区分布的小荚蛏(Siliqua minimai)、缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)和大竹蛏(Solen grandis)3种蛏进行了基因组DNA多态性检测,并对其遗传多样性进行了分析.利用筛选出的5对引物组合,共扩增出781个清晰的位点;小荚蛏、缢蛏和大竹蛏多态位点比例依次为79.22%、84.25%和64.82%,Nei's基因多样性指数分别为0.2971、0.3070和0.2785,Shannon's多样性指数分别为0.4402、0.4575和0.4010,种内平均遗传距离为0.2585、0.2691和0.1838.研究结果表明,这3种蛏的核DNA遗传多样性水平以缢蛏为最丰富,小荚蛏次之,大竹蛏最低;并且3种蛏的共享位点很少,遗传趋异比较明显,说明3种蛏的遗传关系比较远.  相似文献   

Origin of red color of the Lower Siwalik palaeosols: A micromorphological approach     

Seema Singh  B.Parkash  Arun.K.Awasthi 《山地科学学报》2009,6(2):147-154

Palaeosols associated with fluvial of the Siwalik Group are and lacustrine deposits that occur as thick multiple pedocomplexes. The bright red color of the palaeosol beds has been earlier interpreted as a result of hot and arid palaeoclimate. However, as against this view, our investigations of the bright red palaeosol beds of the Lower Siwaliks suggest that the climate was cool and subhumid, instead of hot and arid during the deposition of these beds. Since cold climate is not very conducive to impart red coloration, further research is needed to explain the cause of these red beds. For this, the micromorphological study of soil thin sections was done which showed the presence of features such as dissolution and recrystallisation of quartz, feldspar and mica, compaction, slickensides, presence of calcite spars, subrounded and cracked nature of quartz grains, microfabric, complex patterns of birefringence fabrics, pigmentary ferric oxides, thick cutans and cementation by calcite. These features indicate that diagenesis took place on a large scale in these sediments. The positive Eh and neutral-alkaline pH of soils also suggest that the conditions were favorable for the formation of diagenetic red beds. During burial diagenesis of sediments, the hydroxides of ferromagnesian minerals got converted into ferric oxide minerals （hematite）. During deep burial diagenesis smectite was converted into illite and the preponderance of illite over smectite with increasing depth of burial also indicates the diagenesis of sediments. Thus, the red color of the Lower Siwalik palaeosols seems to be due mainly to the burial diagenesis of sediments and does not appear to be due to the then prevailing climatic condition.  相似文献   

江西丹霞地貌演化阶段与分布及其构造控制探讨     

姜勇彪  郭福生  黎广荣  李蓉  楼法生  汪震  陈留勤  郄海满  闫罗彬  李益朝  凡秀君 《地质论评》2023,69(5):2023050014-2023050014

晚白垩世至古近纪期间,江西省内沿区域性断裂构造发育30余个断陷盆地,沉积了巨厚的红色陆相碎屑岩,为丹霞地貌的形成提供了物质基础。已发现的228处丹霞地貌点主要分布于江西东部武夷山北麓和西麓的红层盆地内。利用面积—高程积分法,对江西省9个盆地的丹霞地貌演化阶段进行了定量分析,结果表明省内丹霞地貌景区的面积—高程HI为0.17~0.52,平均为0.38,即其演化阶段处于壮年晚期至老年早期,在空间分布上具有由南向北,由壮年期转为老年期的趋势。该趋势可能与武夷山的构造隆升有关。构造分析显示,节理与武夷山的隆升对江西丹霞地貌演化起控制作用,具体表现为：① 龙虎山、九仙湖、仙岩、蛤蟆坞、赭亭山、龟峰等地发育的崖壁、一线天、巷谷、石墙、石寨、峰丛、峰林等丹霞典型景观均与节理有关。② 流水侵蚀等外营力的作用对丹霞地貌的剥露、削平起重要作用,统计表明距离武夷山越近,丹霞地貌山峰越密集、崖壁越陡峻,指示武夷山的隆升与丹霞地貌的发育有直接关系。总体来看,江西省内的红层为丹霞地貌的发育提供了物质基础,武夷山的隆升控制了丹霞地貌的分布。值得注意的是,丹霞地貌区的节理构造是否与武夷山的隆升存在直接因果关系还需进一步研究。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯周缘奥陶纪海相红层的分布与时代     

武振杰  林宝玉  姚建新  姚翔 《地球学报》2015,36(5):659-667

海相红层是红层研究的一个重要方向,在前人地层学、古生物学等资料基础上,笔者在鄂尔多斯周缘露头区针对奥陶纪海相红层进行了专门研究,从中识别出7套奥陶纪海相红层。借助于对应地层中已报道的笔石、三叶虫、珊瑚等不同化石类别的特征分子、典型化石带或化石组合,基本确定了这7套海相红层的形成时代:自下而上分别为特马豆克期、弗洛期晚期(也许包括大坪期早期)、大坪期、达瑞威尔期、桑比期、凯迪期早期和凯迪期晚期。建立了鄂尔多斯周缘奥陶纪海相红层对比表,分析了奥陶纪海相红层形成环境和古地理分布情况。  相似文献   

Depositional processes,bedform development and hybrid bed formation in rapidly decelerated cohesive (mud–sand) sediment flows     

JACO H. BAAS  JAMES L. BEST  JEFFREY PEAKALL 《Sedimentology》2011,58(7):1953-1987

Flows with high suspended sediment concentrations are common in many sedimentary environments, and their flow properties may show a transitional behaviour between fully turbulent and quasi‐laminar plug flows. The characteristics of these transitional flows are known to be a function of both clay concentration and type, as well as the applied fluid stress, but so far the interaction of these transitional flows with a loose sediment bed has received little attention. Information on this type of interaction is essential for the recognition and prediction of sedimentary structures formed by cohesive transitional flows in, for example, fluvial, estuarine and deep‐marine deposits. This paper investigates the behaviour of rapidly decelerated to steady flows that contain a mixture of sand, silt and clay, and explores the effect of different clay (kaolin) concentrations on the dynamics of flow over a mobile bed, and the bedforms and stratification produced. Experiments were conducted in a recirculating slurry flume capable of transporting high clay concentrations. Ultrasonic Doppler velocity profiling was used to measure the flow velocity within these concentrated suspension flows. The development of current ripples under decelerated flows of differing kaolin concentration was documented and evolution of their height, wavelength and migration rate quantified. This work confirms past work over smooth, fixed beds which showed that, as clay concentration rises, a distinct sequence of flow types is generated: turbulent flow, turbulence‐enhanced transitional flow, lower transitional plug flow, upper transitional plug flow and a quasi‐laminar plug flow. Each of these flow types produces an initial flat bed upon rapid flow deceleration, followed by reworking of these deposits through the development of current ripples during the subsequent steady flow in turbulent flow, turbulence‐enhanced transitional flow and lower transitional plug flow. The initial flat beds are structureless, but have diagnostic textural properties, caused by differential settling of sand, silt and cohesive mud, which forms characteristic bipartite beds that initially consist of sand overlain by silt or clay. As clay concentration in the formative flow increases, ripples first increase in mean height and wavelength under turbulence‐enhanced transitional flow and lower transitional plug‐flow regimes, which is attributed to the additional turbulence generated under these flows that subsequently causes greater lee side erosion. As clay concentration increases further from a lower transitional plug flow, ripples cease to exist under the upper transitional plug flow and quasi‐laminar plug flow conditions investigated herein. This disappearance of ripples appears due to both turbulence suppression at higher clay concentrations, as well as the increasing shear strength of the bed sediment that becomes more difficult to erode as clay concentration increases. The stratification within the ripples formed after rapid deceleration of the transitional flows reflects the availability of sediment from the bipartite bed. The exact nature of the ripple cross‐stratification in these flows is a direct function of the duration of the formative flow and the texture of the initial flat bed, and ripples do not form in cohesive flows with a Reynolds number smaller than ca 12 000. Examples are given of how the unique properties of the current ripples and plane beds, developing below decelerated transitional flows, could aid in the interpretation of depositional processes in modern and ancient sediments. This interpretation includes a new model for hybrid beds that explains their formation in terms of a combination of vertical grain‐size segregation and longitudinal flow transformation.  相似文献