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基于被动微波遥感的青藏高原雪深反演及其结果评价 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
采用修正的张氏雪深反演算法,用SSM/I37GHz和19GHz水平极化亮温值计算了青藏高原及其毗邻地区的积雪深度,对其精度进行了评价,并对误差来源进行了分析,结果显示,此算法能够较好地反映研究区的雪深分布,但局部地区误差较大,总体上雪深被高估,其误差主要来源于冻土,深霜层,植被以及雪层中液态水含量,雪粒的形状和粒径的变化带来的影响,SSM/I数据较低的分辨率和研究区复杂的地形使反演的雪深与观测的雪深缺少可比性,给精度的评价带来影响。 相似文献
94.
利用地基双通道微波辐射计遥感青藏高原大气云水特征 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
利用1997年春季西宁市地基双通道(22.235和35.3GHz)微波辐射计观测的资料,分析了不同月份、不同天气条件下的大气总含水量(V)和云中液态水积分含量(L)的分布规律。结果表明,在相同天气条件下,L值3-5月均呈逐渐递增的趋势,增加幅度一般为20%-40%,V值变化幅度很小;春季高原L值大约只有V的1%。与河北省的资料进行对比后发现,L值基本相当,而V值高原只有平原地区的30%-50%。 相似文献
95.
对NASA的TOMS臭氧资料进行分析后指出:冬季在北极的斯堪的那维亚地区存在一个明显的臭氧亏损区,亏损区的中心值达-50 DU,相当于该区域平均值的 15%。对臭氧亏损和北大西洋海温的东西向差异作相关分析得到:其季节变化的相关系数为-0.96,逐月( 168个月)变化的相关系数为-0.70。同样对臭氧亏损与地面加热进行相关分析后指出:斯堪的那维亚地区的臭氧亏损和该地区地面的热通量关系极其密切,其相关系数均在-0.87以上。由此我们认为:北大西洋暖流向北输送能量,引起斯堪的纳维亚地区地面加热,由此造成了冬季该地区的臭氧亏损。 相似文献
96.
John Shaw Mimi J. Hill Steven J. Openshaw 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2001,190(3-4):103-109
The new microwave palaeointensity technique has been used to investigate samples from the Martian meteorite Nakhla. This technique is a promising new way to obtain absolute palaeointensity information regarding the ancient Martian magnetic field as recorded by the Martian meteorites. Assuming that a part of the magnetic remanence is of thermal origin and originating on Mars the two samples studied yield estimates of 4 μT for the Martian magnetic field at 1.35 Ga. 相似文献
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NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEATING ANOMALY EFFECTS OF TIBETAN PLATEAU ON CIRCULATION IN SUMMER 下载免费PDF全文
A 5-layer numerical model with p-σ incorporated coordinate system and primitive equations is used to simulatethe effects of heating anomaly at and over the Tibetan(Qinghai-Xizang)Plateau on the circulations in East Asia in sum-mer,The model is described briefly in the text and the results are analysed in somewhat detail.Results show that the sur-face albedo,the drag coefficient,the evaporation rate and the ground temperature all have large influences on the circula-tion near the Plateau and in East Asia.When the heating at the surface increases,the Tibetan high in the uppertroposphere intensifies,too.Its area enlarges and its axis tilts to northwest.The upper tropical easterly increase andshifts to north.The southwesterly in the lower troposphere,in consistence,also increases.The cross-equatorial low-lev-el currents along Somali and South India are influenced to increase their speeds while those over North Australia de-crease.The land low over the Asian Continent deepens.Meanwhile the upward motions over the land of east China andover the Indo-China Peninsula intensify and therefore the precipitation over those areas increases.However,along thecoastal area of China the upward motions and therefore the precipitation decrease.Atmospheric heat source anomaly has large influence on the circulation,too.Simulated results indicate that heatsource anomaly in the lower atmosphere over the Plateau influences the intensity and the position of the monsoon circu-lation while that in the upper atmosphere only affects the intensity.The heating status over the Plateau has slight influ-ence on the westerly jet,north of the Plateau,while it has strong effect on the subtropical jet at the mid and low latitudes. 相似文献
100.
The stability of a simple coupled ocean-atmosphere system similar to the one studied by Hirst with general ocean thermodynamics
is investigated in which the atmospheric heating is determined by sea surface temperature anomalies as well as the convergence
feedback (low level moisture convergence by the waves themselves). It is shown that the unstable coupled mode found by Hirst
(UH mode) is profoundly modified by the convergence feedback. The feedback increases the unstable range of the UH mode and
can increase its growth rate several folds. The maximally growing UH mode can become westward propagating for certain strength
of convergence feedback. If the convergence feedback strength exceeds a critical value, several new unstable intraseasonal
modes are also introduced. These modes are basically ‘advective’ modes. For relatively weak strengths of the convergence feedback
the growth rates of these modes are smaller than that of the UH mode. As the atmosphere approaches ‘moist neutral’ state,
the growth rates of these modes could become comparable or even larger than that of the UH mode. It is argued that these results
explain why the El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal is clear in the eastern Pacific but not so in the western Pacific
and they may also explain some of the differences between individual ENSO events. Our results also explain the aperiodic behaviour
of some coupled numerical models. Importance of this process in explaining the observed aperiodicity of the ENSO phenomenon
is indicated. 相似文献