Sedimentary Environments of Cambrian–Ordovician Source Rocks and Ultra-deep Petroleum Accumulation in the Tarim Basin     

ZHANG Shuichang  SU Jin  WANG Xiaomei  MA Sihong 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(4):1259-1276

The Tarim Basin is the only petroliferous basin enriched with marine oil and gas in China. It is presently also the deepest basin for petroleum exploration and development in the world. There are two main sets of marine Source Rocks (SRs) in the Tarim Basin, namely the high over-mature Cambrian–Lower Ordovician (∈–O1) and the moderately mature Middle–Upper Ordovician (O2–3). The characteristic biomarkers of SRs and oils indicate that the main origin of the marine petroleum is a mixed source of ∈–O1 and O2–3 SRs. With increasing burial, the hydrocarbon contribution of the ∈–O1 SRs gradually increases. Accompanied by the superposition of multi-stage hydrocarbon-generation of the SRs and various secondary alteration processes, the emergence and abnormal enrichment of terpenoids, thiophene and trimethylaryl isoprenoid in deep reservoirs indicate a complex genesis of various deep oils and gases. Through the analysis of the biofacies and sedimentary environments of the ∈–O1 and O2–3 SRs, it is shown that the lower Paleozoic high-quality SRs in the Tarim Basin were mainly deposited in a passive continental margin and the gentle slope of the platform, deep-water shelf and slope facies, which has exhibited a good response to the local tectonic-sedimentary environment. The slope of the paleo-uplift is the mutual area for the development of carbonate reservoirs and the deposition of marine SRs, which would be favorable for the accumulation of petroleum. Due to the characteristics of low ground temperature, the latest rapid and deep burial does not cause massive oil-cracking in the paleo-uplift and slope area. Therefore, it is speculated that the marine reservoirs in the slope of the Tabei Uplift are likely to be a favorable area for deep petroleum exploration, while the oil-cracking gas would be a potential reserve around the west margin of the Manjiaer Depression. Hydrocarbons were generated from various unit SRs, mainly migrating along the lateral unconformities or reservoirs and the vertical faults. They eventually brought up three major types of exploration fields: middle and lower Cambrian salt-related assemblages, dolomite inner reservoirs and Middle and Lower Ordovician oil-bearing karst, which would become the most favorable target of marine ultra-deep exploration in the Tarim Basin.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地英买力地区原油地球化学特征与族群划分   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李素梅  庞雄奇  杨海军  肖中尧  顾乔元  张玮娜 《现代地质》2010,24(4)

塔里木盆地英买力地区油气成因复杂,采用多馏分、多组分化学成分分析及单体烃碳同位素分析途径,对该区海相、陆相油进行精细分析。结果表明,英买力油田主要有两大类油组,分别是南部YM2井区的海相油(I类)和北部YM7井区的陆相油(Ⅱ类),各自具有典型的海相油与陆相油的特征。进一步分析表明,两大油组内部仍有分异。将第二油组进一步分为两亚类,以中、古生界产层为主的正常黑油和重质油为一类(Ⅱa),以古近系为主的凝析油为另一类(Ⅱb)。两亚类原油正构烷烃单体烃同位素稍有差异,芳烃组成与分布具有显著差异。较之于Ⅱa原油,Ⅱb原油富含联苯系列与氧芴系列、不同类型芳烃系列中以低分子量同系物占绝对优势,其正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素更重,与相邻的羊塔克地区原油表现出一定的相似性,表明两者之间有一定的成因联系,前者可能为混源油,由位于库车坳陷中拜城凹陷提供两种陆相烃源岩。英买力地区陆相油并非以往确认的一种成因类型,可能至少由两套性质迥异的中生界烃源岩供烃。英买力地区第一类海相油(I类)尽管生物标志物特征相近,但分析原油的单体烃碳同位素具有显著差异,同样存在油气混源的可能。英买力地区海、陆相原油特征与成因的深入剖析,对于该区精细油源确认、油气成藏机制乃至油气资源评价具有重要意义。  相似文献   

生物降解原油中吡咯氮化合物组成的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱扬明  顾圣啸  赵春花  郝芳  邹华耀 《地球化学》2010,39(4):337-344

渤海海域地区近50个原油样品中性氮组分的GC／MS定量分析资料表明,油藏中的生物降解作用对原油的吡咯氮化合物含量和分布有明显影响。经与同源未降解原油比较,各种烷基咔唑和苯并咔唑在3。4级中轻度降解油中就出现明显降解迹象,随生物降解程度增高其含量逐渐减少,在6—8级严重降解油中它们的总含量降低到原有的五分之一左右。在3—4级中轻度降解油中,裸露型甲基咔唑异构体更容易被微生物侵袭而代谢,抗生物降解能力按1-甲基咔唑〉4-甲基咔唑〉2-、3-甲基咔唑顺序递减;当降解程度更高时,这些化合物降解速率相当,1-／4-MCA等比值相对稳定。低-中等降解阶段,不同类型二甲基咔唑异构体的抗生物降解能力也存在明显差异性,呈屏蔽型〉半屏蔽型〉裸露型降低;在生物降解水平进一步增高时,这些异构体之间的相对含量变化不大。生物降解作用对苯并咔唑系列化合物分布的影响具有不确定性,且随降解程度的增加变得更为显著,降解油中【a】／[c】苯并咔唑比值或增高或降低。生物降解原油中吡咯氮化合物的组成变化,使降解油的二次运移示踪面临新的问题。  相似文献   

Study on extracting alumina from fly ash by compound additive activation method     

WANG Yongwang 《世界地质(英文版)》2014,17(3):182-188

According to the chemical and mineral composition characteristics of the fly ash, alumina can be extracted from fly ash through the calcining method by using sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate additives. The effects on leaching rate of alumina have been investigated. The results showed that the fly ash can be activated effectively and the leaching rate of alumina can be improved to more than 92% through this method. The best process parameters were the ratio of raw materials, i.e. the material weight ratio of fly ash, calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate was 1.0：1.2：0.9. The activating temperature was 850℃-900℃, activating time was 3 h. This process has a potential application prospect and improves the value of comprehensive utilization of fly ash.  相似文献   

极端气温和极端降水复合事件的气候特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖秀程  黄丹青  严佩文 《气象科学》2020,40(6):744-751

基于1961-2014年的中国台站资料,侧重探讨极端气温和极端降水复合事件的气候特征。结果表明,基于客观方法检测出四类极端复合事件：暖湿、暖干、冷湿和冷干。四类事件的频发区分别位于东北地区、华南地区、西藏及华南地区和长江以南及云贵高原一带。全国暖湿、暖干事件频数呈增加趋势,春夏季频发;冷湿事件频数在西藏东北一带呈增加趋势,而在长江流域呈减少趋势,夏秋冬季频发;冷干事件频数呈减少趋势,秋冬季频发。四类极端复合事件经验正交分解的时间序列主模态均表现为年代际信号。进一步分析四类复合事件与能源消费量的联系表明,极端湿事件与能源消费量呈正相关,而极端干事件则相反。  相似文献   

Soil erosion and sediment transport in Tanzania: Part I – sediment source tracing in three neighbouring river catchments     

Maarten Wynants  Linus Munishi  Kelvin Mtei  Samuel Bodé  Aloyce Patrick  Alex Taylor  David Gilvear  Patrick Ndakidemi  William H. Blake  Pascal Boeckx 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(15):3096-3111

Water bodies in Tanzania are experiencing increased siltation, which is threatening water quality, ecosystem health, and livelihood security in the region. This phenomenon is caused by increasing rates of upstream soil erosion and downstream sediment transport. However, a lack of knowledge on the contributions from different catchment zones, land-use types, and dominant erosion processes, to the transported sediment is undermining the mitigation of soil degradation at the source of the problem. In this context, complementary sediment source tracing techniques were applied in three Tanzanian river systems to further the understanding of the complex dynamics of soil erosion and sediment transport in the region. Analysis of the geochemical and biochemical fingerprints revealed a highly complex and variable soil system that could be grouped in distinct classes. These soil classes were unmixed against riverine sediment fingerprints using the Bayesian MixSIAR model, yielding proportionate source contributions for each catchment. This sediment source tracing indicated that hillslope erosion on the open rangelands and maize croplands in the mid-zone contributed over 75% of the transported sediment load in all three river systems during the sampling time-period. By integrating geochemical and biochemical fingerprints in sediment source tracing techniques, this study demonstrated links between land use, soil erosion and downstream sediment transport in Tanzania. This evidence can guide land managers in designing targeted interventions that safeguard both soil health and water quality.  相似文献   

松辽盆地西部斜坡带油气运移示踪分析   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

向才富  夏斌  解习农  冯志强  吴河勇 《地质科技情报》2004,23(4):64-70

利用天然气有机地球化学、油田水化学、原油中的有机物质及原油含氮化合物等油气运移示踪标志对松辽盆地西部斜坡带的油气运移路径进行了示踪分析,结果显示油气运移的主输导通道沿齐家古龙凹陷—新店—白音诺勒方向展布,之后分为两支,其一继续向西部的平洋方向运移,其二穿过阿拉新向北部的富拉尔基方向运移,而油气从齐家古龙凹陷穿过敖古拉—他拉哈断层直接向西部斜坡带的运移是非常局限的。该主输导通道同该区已发现的油气资源的匹配较完美。重点讨论了原油含氮化合物分析结果与其它示踪标志分析结果的差异及其产生的可能原因,指出对油气运移路径的分析应综合利用多种有机地球化学指标,而不应该过分依赖某一种或某两种示踪方法。  相似文献   

辽宁北部秀水盆地义县组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征及意义——以辽法D1井为例     

李晓海  李文博  张健 《地质论评》2019,65(Z1):161-162

正辽宁北部秀水盆地位于华北板块北缘陆缘活动带之上,地质构造复杂。秀水盆地是在海西褶皱基底和前寒武纪基底上发育起来的中生代断陷型盆地,面积710 km~2,是前人油气调查工作空白区。秀水盆地早白垩世义县组上部发育优质烃源岩。部署在秀水盆地中部的辽法D1井义县组沉积地层厚度为280 m,暗色泥岩厚度为128 m。本文通过对辽法D1井义县组泥岩样品分析,采用气相色谱、气相色谱—质谱技术,剖析秀水盆地义县组烃源岩  相似文献   

辽西坳陷牛营子地区中元古界下马岭组生物标志化合物特征——以小庄户剖面为例     

孙求实  宗文明  郜晓勇 《地质论评》2019,65(Z1):87-88

正辽西坳陷地区位于燕辽裂陷带东部,在中新元古界时期沉降缓慢、地层发育齐全、厚度巨大,前人大量研究表明中-新元古界完全具备形成与富集规模性油气资源的条件。本文通过牛营子地区小庄户实测剖面的第一手数据,拟采用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术,以小庄户剖面下马岭组烃源岩为研究目标,剖析其生物标志化合物分布特征,解译有机质生源、沉积环境等方面的信息。  相似文献   

气袋采样法对还原硫化物测定的影响因素分析及机理研究     

孟洁  翟增秀  刘英会  张君  韩萌 《岩矿测试》2019,38(2):179-185

还原硫化物是一Z类典型的恶臭物质,其特点是活性高、不易储存,因此适宜的储存条件对还原硫化物的准确测定具有重要意义。本文使用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,从气袋材质、还原硫化物初始浓度、还原硫化物性质和储存时间四个因素探究袋采样法储存还原硫化物过程的损失情况。以Tedlar~? PVF和Teflon~? FEP为目标采样袋,使用5个初始浓度(0. 001、0. 010、0. 100、1. 000和10. 000μg/m L)的混合还原硫化物,选择0、2、6、12、24、48以及72h的储存时间,以响应因子和相对回收率作为评价因子,并使用配对t检验法和吸附动力学,研究影响储存效果的主要因素、物质损失机理以及两种采样袋的储存能力。结果表明,储存时间越长、物质初始浓度越高,物质活性越强,损失情况越严重;在环境温度达到60℃时,Tedlar~? PVF的基质背景较Teflon~? FEP更复杂;相同条件下,还原硫化物在Teflon~? FEP储存过程中损失更严重。依据研究结果建议:(1)样品采集后避光保存;(2)低浓度含硫样品的测定在采样后8h内完成,高浓度含硫样品的测定在2h内完成;(3)若待测样品气体温度较高,优先选择Teflon~? FEP采样袋,气体温度较低条件下选择Tedlar~? PVF采样袋,可最大限度保持样品的原始状态。本研究成果有利于确保还原硫化物样品的储存稳定性,最大限度还原恶臭污染现场情况,为恶臭污染的分析测试以及后续的恶臭污染控制与治理提供技术支持。  相似文献