基于植物昼夜释氧变化规律的复合垂直流人工湿地氮形态   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈梦银  朱伟  董婵 《湖泊科学》2013,25(3):392-397

为了研究植物根系释氧规律对人工湿地中硝化与反硝化作用的影响,采用传统连续运行方式及根据释氧规律调节的新型运行方式(白天连续进水、夜间停水),在复合垂直流人工湿地小试系统中进行实验,采用代表性的挺水植物香蒲作为湿地植物,水力负荷为0.71 m3/(m2.d).结果表明:系统内白天以好氧的硝化作用为主,夜间以厌氧、缺氧的反硝化作用为主,且在新型运行方式下,系统内白天亚硝酸盐氮累积量为传统运行方式的5倍,硝酸盐氮累积量为其2倍,夜间亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮减少量又分别比传统运行方式高64%和26%.这说明在新型运行方式下,人工湿地脱氮效果优于传统运行方式.  相似文献   

天山天池水体季节性分层特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王斌  马健  王银亚  尹湘江 《湖泊科学》2015,27(6):1197-1204

于2014年6-10月,对高山深水湖泊天山天池水温、电导率、溶解氧、p H值、叶绿素a浓度和蓝绿藻细胞密度进行垂直剖面的连续监测,通过对其季节动态和垂直分层结构的分析,探讨天池水体季节性分层特征.天池出现明显水温分层的时间短(6-9月),夏季温跃层变化范围为2~18 m,而秋季温跃层不断下移,10月在18 m水深以下;受水温分层影响,天池水体溶解氧浓度、电导率、p H值、叶绿素a浓度和蓝绿藻细胞密度在垂直剖面表现出明显的季节性分层,尤其是夏季水温分层影响溶解氧浓度、叶绿素a浓度和蓝绿藻细胞密度在水体中的分布,对天池水质变化产生重要影响.天池浅水层(水深小于10 m)溶解氧浓度较高(大于8 mg/L),而深水层(水深超过18 m)溶解氧浓度9月接近4 mg/L,季节性缺氧导致底泥营养盐向上扩散,对水体水质产生不利影响.所以,应在夏、秋季节加强水质监测,以防止天池水华发生;天池叶绿素a浓度与蓝绿藻细胞密度的垂直剖面变化趋势相似,均随水深增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,但叶绿素a浓度在2~12 m水深处较高,蓝绿藻细胞密度在5~15 m水深处较高,表明5~15 m深度适合藻类生长,同时,电导率、p H值的垂直变化也说明藻类的生长情况,这为监测天池水体富营养化取样和分析提供依据.  相似文献   

Modeling of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration and Its Hysteresis Behavior in Rivers Using Wavelet Transform‐Based Hybrid Models     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(2)

  相似文献   

湖光岩玛珥湖春季浮游植物对溶解态氮的吸收   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张国维  李长玲  黄翔鹄  古滨河 《湖泊科学》2015,27(3):527-534

利用15N稳定同位素示踪技术,采用现场挂瓶培养的方法测定了湖光岩玛珥湖浮游植物群落对铵态氮、硝态氮和尿素态氮的吸收速率,研究了湖光岩玛珥湖浮游植物群落氮吸收及其吸收动力学特征.结果表明:湖光岩玛珥湖共检测到浮游植物7门54种(包括变种和变型),主要为蓝藻门、硅藻门和绿藻门种类,分别占浮游植物总量的44.68%、26.70%和19.21%,其中水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)与铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为绝对优势种,优势度分别为0.39与0.28.湖光岩玛珥湖浮游植物群落对铵态氮的绝对吸收速率最高,分别是对硝态氮、尿素态氮绝对吸收速率的5.8和4.2倍,占3种溶解态氮总吸收量的73.3%.铵态氮、硝态氮和尿素态氮的相对优先指数分别为2.907、0.190和1.192,说明浮游植物群落优先吸收铵态氮,其次为尿素态氮,最后为硝态氮.铵态氮、硝态氮和尿素态氮的周转时间分别为3.72、57.03和9.07 h.湖光岩玛珥湖浮游植物对溶解态氮的吸收可用Michaelis-Menten酶动力学方程描述,最大比吸收速率表现为铵态氮尿素态氮硝态氮,亲和力表现为硝态氮铵态氮尿素态氮.湖光岩玛珥湖浮游植物群落对铵态氮具有较高的吸收潜力,并且对硝态氮具有一定的亲和力,具备利用硝态氮的能力.  相似文献   

Macroinvertebrate community structure and feeding interactions along a pollution gradient in Gilgel Gibe watershed,Ethiopia: Implications for biomonitoring     

《Limnologica》2017

Feeding interactions among functional feeding groups (FFGs) of macroinvertebrates are robust indicators of aquatic ecosystem interactions. They provide information regarding organic matter processing, habitat condition and trophic dynamics. In tropical rivers with pronounced wet and dry seasons, macroinvertebrate based ecological monitoring tools are explicitly focused on metrics and indices, while ignoring interactions of FFGs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the functional feeding type metrics, diversity indices and feeding interactions among FFGs of macroinvertebrates along the water pollution gradient in Gilgel Gibe watershed, Ethiopia. Water quality parameters and macroinvertebrate community attributes were assessed for samples collected from upstream sites (15 sites), urban-impacted stretches (12 sites) and wetland-affected river zones (7 sites) of the watershed during the rainy (July) and dry (February) seasons. To understand the effect of pollution on the feeding interactions, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were analyzed. Macroinvertebrate-based diversity indices and functional feeding type metric showed deterioration of ecological integrity at the urban-impacted sites and substantial recovery in the wetland-affected downstream sites. Omnivorous feeding behavior of macroinvertebrates was noted for the upstream sites, whereas clear trophic guilds of FFGs were suggested for the wetland-affected river zones by the stable isotope results. The results of pollution gradient analysis and feeding interactions among FFGs revealed that the urban-impacted sites showed weaker interactions when compared to upstream and wetland influenced sites. This affirms the potential importance of feeding interactions among FFGs of macroinvertebrates in water quality monitoring.  相似文献   

Continuous real‐time analysis of the isotopic composition of precipitation during tropical rain events: Insights into tropical convection          下载免费PDF全文

Shaoneng He  Nathalie F. Goodkin  Dominik Jackisch  Maria Rosabelle Ong  Dhrubajyoti Samanta 《水文研究》2018,32(11):1531-1545

To investigate stable isotopic variability of precipitation in Singapore, we continuously analysed the δ‐value of individual rain events from November 2014 to August 2017 using an online system composed of a diffusion sampler coupled to Cavity Ring‐Down Spectrometer. Over this period, the average value (δ¹⁸O_Avg), the lowest value (δ¹⁸O_Low), and the initial value (δ¹⁸O_Init) varied significantly, ranging from ?0.45 to ?15.54‰, ?0.9 to ?17.65‰, and 0 to ?13.13‰, respectively. All 3 values share similar variability, and events with low δ¹⁸O_Low and δ¹⁸O_Avg values have low δ¹⁸O_Init value. Individual events have limited intraevent variability in δ‐value (Δδ) with the majority having a Δδ below 4‰. Correlation of δ¹⁸O_Low and δ¹⁸O_Avg with δ¹⁸O_Init is much higher than that with Δδ, suggesting that convective activities prior to events have more control over δ‐value than on‐site convective activities. The d‐excess of events also varies considerably in response to the seasonal variation in moisture sources. A 2‐month running mean analysis of δ¹⁸O reveals clear seasonal and interannual variability. Seasonal variability is associated with the meridional movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and evolution of the Asian monsoon. El Niño–Southern Oscillation is a likely driver of interannual variability. During 2015–2016, the strongest El Niño year in recorded history, the majority of events have a δ¹⁸O value higher than the weighted average δ¹⁸O of daily precipitation. δ¹⁸O shows a positive correlation with outgoing longwave radiation in the western Pacific and the Asian monsoon region, and also with Oceanic Niño Index. During El Niño, the convection centre shifts eastward to the central/eastern Pacific, weakening convective activities in Southeast Asia. Our study shows that precipitation δ‐value contains information about El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which has a significant implication for the interpretation of water isotope data and understanding of hydrological processes in tropical regions.  相似文献   

红树叶片衰老过程中活性氧和保护酶活性的变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张平  谢潮添  杨盛昌 《海洋科学》2004,28(5):37-40

测定了红树植物木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)和秋茄(Kandelia candel)幼叶、成熟叶和老叶间活性氧和三种细胞保护酶活性的变化。结果表明,在叶片衰老过程中,丙二醛和H2O2含量显著提高,超氧化物自由基产生速率加快,表明红树叶片衰老中膜脂过氧化作用增强,并且与H2O2和超氧化物自由基含量的上升相关。在3种细胞保护酶中,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐降低,过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著提高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在叶片成熟过程中增高,随着衰老而急剧降低,细胞保护酶酶活的变化直接影响了叶片衰老过程中活性氧代谢的平衡。  相似文献   

Stable isotopes of pedogenic carbonates from the Somma–Vesuvius area,southern Italy,over the past 18 kyr: palaeoclimatic implications     

G. Zanchetta  M. Di Vito  A. E. Fallick  R. Sulpizio 《第四纪科学杂志》2000,15(8):813-824

Stable isotopes were measured in the carbonate and organic matter of palaeosols in the Somma–Vesuvius area, southern Italy in order to test whether they are suitable proxy records for climatic and ecological changes in this area during the past 18000 yr. The ages of the soils span from ca. 18 to ca. 3 kyr BP. Surprisingly, the Last Glacial to Holocene climate transition was not accompanied by significant change in δ¹⁸O of pedogenic carbonate. This could be explained by changes in evaporation rate and in isotope fractionation between water and precipitated carbonate with temperature, which counterbalanced the expected change in isotope composition of meteoric water. Because of the rise in temperature and humidity and the progressive increase in tree cover during the Holocene, the Holocene soil carbonates closely reflect the isotopic composition of meteoric water. A cooling of about 2°C after the Avellino eruption (3.8 ka) accounts for a sudden decrease of about 1‰ in δ¹⁸O of pedogenic carbonate recorded after this eruption. The δ¹³C values of organic matter and pedogenic carbonate covary, indicating an effective isotope equilibrium between the organic matter, as the source of CO₂, and the pedogenic carbonate. Carbon isotopes suggest prevailing C₃ vegetation and negligible mixing with volcanogenic or atmospheric CO₂. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于水化学及稳定同位素的西藏察雅地下热水成因研究     

张春潮  李向全  马剑飞  付昌昌  白占学 《现代地质》2021,35(1):199-208

西藏察雅分布有两处地下热水,其中娘曲热水流量达23 356 m ³/d,温度达36 ℃,掌握其成因以及地下水循环模式对铁路隧道的规划建设具有重要意义。为查明地下热水水化学特征及其成因模式,采用同位素水文地球化学方法进行研究。结果表明:两处地下热水主要阳离子为Ca ²⁺和Mg ²⁺,主要阴离子为SO₄^2-和HCO₃^-,溶解性总固体含量为1 255~2 051 mg/L,水化学类型分别为SO₄·HCO₃-Ca·Mg型和SO₄-Ca·Mg型。氢氧同位素分析结果表明,地下热水补给来源主要为大气降水,并具有 ¹⁸O漂移现象,反映了热水与围岩的氧同位素交换效应。地下热水的补给高程为4 146~4 185 m,热储温度为53.1~61.0 ℃,循环深度为1 409~2 020 m。其成因模式为:地下水在东北部高山区接收大气降水入渗补给,沿岩溶裂隙管道径流,经深循环获得大地热流加热,受构造及岩层阻水影响沿断层上升,在上升过程中与份额达0.79~0.91的浅层地下水混合,于沟谷等地势切割处出露成泉。综合水文地质条件与隧道位置分析,隧道穿越的两处岩溶富水条带,东部岩溶富水区对隧道突涌水威胁较小;西部岩溶富水区对隧道存在构造岩溶水高压突涌水风险,后期应注意防范。  相似文献   

硫和氧同位素示踪黄河及支流河水硫酸盐来源   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

张东  黄兴宇  李成杰 《水科学进展》2013,24(3):418-426

为了准确识别河水硫酸盐受自然风化和人为活动影响的过程,做好地表水资源管理,选择黄河小浪底水库以下干流和支流河水为主要研究对象,分期采集河水样品,采用硫酸盐硫和氧同位素,结合水化学组成及潜在硫酸盐来源硫和氧同位素范围,判定黄河及支流河水硫酸盐的来源及混入比例。结果表明:① 研究区黄河河水硫酸盐主要来源于第四纪黄土中易溶硫酸盐,干流河水SO₄2-含量均值为2.23 mmol/L,δ34S_SO4和δ18O_SO4均值分别为+8.9‰和+10.4‰;② 研究区沁河丰水期河水硫酸盐24%来源于大气降水,61%来源于土壤硫酸盐溶解,15%来自于石膏溶解;平水期河水硫酸盐39%来源于大气降水,36%来源于土壤硫酸盐溶解,25%来源于石膏溶解。沁河河水SO₄2-含量均值为2.44 mmol/L,δ34S_SO4和δ18O_SO4均值分别为+9.8‰和+9.7‰;③ 研究区洛河河水硫酸盐受生活污水影响较大,伊河河水硫酸盐受到土壤硫酸盐溶解和化学肥料溶解的共同影响,伊洛河河水SO₄2-含量均值为1.27 mmol/L,δ34S_SO4和δ18O_SO4均值分别为+10.4‰和+6.5‰。蒸发盐类矿物溶解以及土壤硫酸盐溶解等自然风化过程是控制区域河水硫酸盐来源的重要过程,人为活动对伊洛河河水硫酸盐的贡献不容忽视。  相似文献