Seasonal variation in carbon exchange and its ecological analysis over Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(Z2)

Eddy covariance technique was used to measure carbon flux during two growing seasons in 2003 and 2004 over typical steppe in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China. The results showed that there were two different CO2 flux diurnal patterns at the grassland ecosystem. One had a dual peak in diurnal course of CO2 fluxes with a depression of CO2 flux after noon, and the other had a single peak. In 2003, the maximum diurnal uptake and emitting value of CO2 were -7.4 and 5.4 g·m-2·d-1 respectively and both occurred in July. While in 2004, the maximum diurnal uptake and release of CO2 were -12.8 and 5.8 g·m-2·d-1 and occurred both in August. The grassland fixed 294.66 and 467.46 g CO2·m-2 in 2003 and 2004, and released 333.14 and 437.17 g CO2·m-2 in 2003 and 2004, respectively from May to September. Water availability and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) are two important factors of controlling CO2 flux. Consecutive precipitation can cause reduction in the ability of ecosystem carbon exchange. Under favorable soil water conditions, daytime CO2 flux is dependent on PAR. CO2 flux, under soil water stress conditions, is obviously less than those under favorable soil water conditions, and there is a light saturation phenomena at PAR=1200μmol·m-2·s-1. Soil respiration was temperature dependent when there was no soil water stress; otherwise, this response became accumulatively decoupled from soil temperature.  相似文献   

寒武纪丝状蓝细菌生物膜主导和诱发的巨型鲕粒:以河南新安县石井剖面苗岭统徐庄组为例^*          下载免费PDF全文

梅冥相 《古地理学报》2021,23(1):105-124

多样化的产出环境和30×10⁸年的分布历史表明,鲕粒成因一直是一个谜一样的沉积学难题,争论的关键问题是其究竟是有机(微生物)成因还是无机成因。来自于华北地台寒武系苗岭统徐庄组鲕粒滩相灰岩顶部的方解石巨鲕表现出同心状、放射—同心状和泥晶质的沉积组构,在鲕粒核心和鲕粒皮层中保存着精美的葛万菌(Girvanella)化石所主导的光合作用生物膜的钙化作用残余物,这为研究鲕粒形成与光合作用生物膜之间复杂的成因联系提供了一个较为直接的微生物证据,因为葛万菌可相对较为肯定地类比于近代的钙化织线菌(Plectonema)丝状蓝细菌化石。所以说,在伴随着后生动物辐射的寒武纪蓝细菌繁盛的方解石海中,尽管形成放射状鲕粒皮层的放射纤维状方解石的沉淀作用机理还没有得到完全彻底的了解,但是这些巨鲕确实表现出光合作用生物膜诱发、滋养并促进了鲕粒形成的直接证据,进一步支持了“鲕粒沉积可以作为一种不同的微生物岩体系新类型”的重要科学理念。  相似文献   

Acclimations of macroalgae as reflected in photosynthetic parameters derived from PAM fluorometry, and possible implications for abundance patterns     

Shai Saroussi  & Sven Beer 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(3):377-383

The presences of the common macroalgae Ulva sp. and Jania rubens vary between seasons along the Israeli Mediterranean intertidal zone. To reveal some of the potential acclimation mechanisms of these algae, we examined their photosynthetic traits during the year using rapid light curves (RLC) derived from pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. In addition, the relationships between those photosynthetic traits and the relative abundances of the two algae were investigated. Ulva sp. showed high maximal electron transport rates (ETR_max) (49.7–68.8 μmol electrons m⁻² s⁻¹) and onsets of light saturation values (E_k) (75.8–85.6 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹) in the winter months of December–February, while low values were found in the summer months of June–July (5.2–20.6 μmol electrons m⁻² s⁻¹ and 6.0–23.7 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively). At noon time (during the highest irradiance of the day), the maximal effective quantum yield (Y₀) did not vary significantly during the year. These results indicate that seasonal irradiance influences the number of reaction centres per thallus area. Both algae showed depressions in Y₀ at noon (23.8% for Ulva sp. and 20.3% for Jania rubens), indicating an efficient non‐photochemical quenching mechanism. A positive correlation between the relative abundance and the photosynthetic parameter Y₀ was found for Jania rubens when Y₀ was sampled in the morning or noon, indicating that growth rate and primary production for this alga can be estimated from RLCs. No such correlation was found for Ulva sp., indicating that, in addition to photosynthetic traits, the relative seasonal abundance of this alga is influenced by other factors such as grazing and/or catastrophic events.  相似文献   

湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

王宪  李文权 《台湾海峡》1994,13(1):8-13

湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足  相似文献   

光合细菌在海湾扇贝人工育苗中应用的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

宫庆礼  缪国荣 《海洋湖沼通报》1995,(4):40-46

光合细菌是一类组份较全且营养价值较高的细菌。在缺氧弱光条件下，具有处理低分子有机物、净化水质等显著功效。本研究利用了光合细菌所具有的独特生理功能和生态习性，在海湾扇贝人工升温育苗过程中，以单胞藻为基础饵料适当添加光合细菌，增强了海湾扇贝整体营养水平和改善了育苗水体生态环境条件，促进了亲贝性腺发育，提高了幼虫生长率。亲贝性腺指数平均日增长达２％以上，幼虫日平均增长１３．８５μｍ，同时，光合细菌可降低  相似文献   

UV-B辐射对绿色巴夫藻生长及抗氧化酶的影响     

刘晓娟  李爱芬  段舜山 《海洋科学》2007,31(4):48-52

研究了不同辐照强度的UV-B辐射对绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis Tseng)生长、光合色素和两种抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明,(1)低强度辐射处理的绿色巴夫藻在正常培养后生长有所恢复,经辐照强度为2μW/cm2的UV-B处理的藻在培养第10天的吸光度与对照接近,大于6μW/cm2的UV-B处理的藻基本无法恢复生长;(2)处理组叶绿素a(Chla)含量均低于对照,且随辐射强度的增大不断下降,辐照强度为12μW/cm2处理组比对照下降了85.20%;(3)类胡萝卜素(CAR)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均随辐射强度的增大先升高后下降,最高含量分别比对照提高了38.55%和49.41%;(4)过氧化物酶(POD)活性随辐射强度的增大不断升高,辐照强度为12μW/cm2处理组是对照的7.98倍。UV-B辐射对绿色巴夫藻生长产生了明显的抑制作用,CAR,SOD和POD可能在绿色巴夫藻抵抗UV-B辐射中起着保护作用。  相似文献   

Optimal primary production model and parameterization in the eastern East China Sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Eko Siswanto  Joji Ishizaka  Katsumi Yokouchi 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(3):361-372

Integrated primary production (IPP) datasets from the eastern East China Sea (ECS) were used to validate the depth dependent and time integrated model (TIM), the empirical model (EM), and the vertically generalized production model (VGPM). Employing constant maximum chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) specific carbon fixation rate (P _opt ^B ), the original TIM could not explain measured IPP variance, while the low P _opt ^B estimated using P _opt ^B models originally embedded in the EM were responsible for original EM low estimations. The disparity between P _opt ^B expressions originally embedded in the VGPM and that observed in this study was responsible for the low accuracy of the original VGPM. After locally tuning on the P _opt ^B model, TIM and VGPM could predict well, whereas EM still gave low estimates. This was probably due to the fact that, unlike TIM and VGPM, EM employs a constant factor instead of a light dependent function in describing the depth of light-saturation primary production. The high accuracy of TIM was limited by the complexity of estimating many variable inputs. EM, as a simplest model, should be used with caution in the eastern ECS. Global VGPM with locally adjusted P _opt ^B seemed to be an effective model for estimating IPP in the eastern ECS.  相似文献   

春玉米穗分化期低温对产量构成因素的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

郭春明  任景全  曹铁华  徐晨  李建平  曲思邈 《应用气象学报》2018,29(4):505-512

为探讨低温冷害对东北地区春玉米的影响,确定障碍型冷害对春玉米生育的影响程度,2015年以郑单958玉米品种为试验材料,利用人工气候室模拟低温（13℃,15℃,17℃）研究穗分化期（前期、中期、后期）春玉米产量构成因素和光合特性的影响。结果表明:春玉米在穗分化期受不同低温影响后,观测到的产量构成因素和光合特性的变化趋势相似;与对照相比,低温处理后,春玉米穗长和穗粒数显著减少、穗粒重显著降低,且温度越低,持续时间越长,影响越重;穗粗和百粒重变化不显著;穗分化前期低温对春玉米穗粒数影响最重,中期次之,后期较小;低温处理后春玉米叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率均显著降低;穗分化期春玉米遭受障碍型低温冷害造成穗粒数减少是减产的主要原因。研究结果可为春玉米障碍型低温冷害影响评估提供参考。  相似文献   

灌溉对疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)幼苗光合生理指标及渗透物质的影响   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

朱军涛  李向义  张希明  曾凡江  闫海龙  杨尚功 《中国沙漠》2009,29(4):697-702

 研究了不同灌溉梯度对疏叶骆驼刺光合生理指标及渗透物质的影响。结果表明,灌溉对疏叶骆驼刺的光合有显著的影响。灌溉后土壤含水率和叶片叶绿素含量升高,同时随着叶片气孔导度值(gs)升高,蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)也增大,进一步促进了光合作用的进行。灌溉后疏叶骆驼刺的光补偿点(LCP)降低,量子效率(φ)升高,从而说明灌溉提高了疏叶骆驼刺对光能的利用程度和效率。随着灌水量的增加,疏叶骆驼刺的呼吸作用不断增强,光合作用也不断增强,说明水分条件越好疏叶骆驼刺的生理代谢越活跃,表现出高合成高消耗。另外,干旱胁迫可以导致疏叶骆驼刺叶片脯氨酸的大量积累,说明脯氨酸在疏叶骆驼刺的抗旱生理中起到重要作用。夏季灌溉可以有效改善疏叶骆驼刺样地的水分状况,提高光合生产力。  相似文献   

光照强度对条斑紫菜贝壳丝状体培养的影响     

尚浩江  周伟  胡传明  申欣  朱朋昌  李帅 《海洋科学》2022,46(2):37-45

光照与温度对条斑紫菜(Neopyropia yezoensis)贝壳丝状体生长发育与壳孢子放散水平均具有重要影响.因温度对光强的协同效应以及各培养阶段对光强的需求不同,本文仅改变培养光强,研究了不同光照强度对条斑紫菜贝壳丝状体着生、生长、发育及壳孢子放散的影响,为育苗阶段光照强度管理提供数据支撑.在16℃下采用1.3～...  相似文献