杭州市典型雨转雪天气成因及预报模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李进  陈勇明  毛则剑  周娟 《气象科技》2020,48(3):396-405

利用2008—2018年的NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料、常规气象观测资料和降雪加密观测资料,选出杭州地区10次典型的雨转雪天气过程,从大尺度环流背景和动力、水汽以及热力因子等物理量场结构方面展开研究,最终得出杭州冬季典型雨转雪天气的预报模型:①大尺度环流配置需满足能为雨转雪天气的形成提供有利的水汽、动力抬升以及中低层上暖下冷的逆温或等温层结条件;②水汽和动力因子等物理量须满足产生纯雪的特定条件;③杭州温度层结须为T_(2m)≤1.5℃、T_(925)≤-4.0℃、T_(850)≤0℃、T_(700)≤-1.0℃和T_(500)≤-10.0℃。此外,进一步补充了杭州可能产生大雪甚至暴雪量级降雪的特定条件。最终选取2019年初的2次典型降水过程进行预报回报检验。  相似文献   

锦州地区逐日降水概率分布特征     

温舟  温日红  曲梓祎  娄芳蕾  常姝婷  史虹婷  王笑影 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(5):25-32

利用锦州地区的逐日降水量观测资料对逐日降水量的概率分布进行了统计分析,采用最大似然估计法得到Gamma函数分布的形状参数α和尺度参数β,通过Gamma概率分布模拟观测站点逐日降水的概率分布。结果表明：锦州地区逐日降水频率整体趋势先上升后下降,基本呈对称式分布,降水概率有一定的振荡,个别日会出现远超相邻日期的降水频率,7月21日降水频率最高,在不计微量降水的情况下,最低逐日降水概率有多个日期为0。各季降水频率偏低是造成义县地区干旱的原因之一;北镇夏季平均降水频率最低,但其夏季平均降水量却为锦州地区最高,说明北镇可能易出现较大量级降水或易出现极端降水天气。清明期间降水频率在50%以上、高考期间降水频率在80%以上,符合大众日常对特殊日期降水情况的认知;逐日降水频率可以为公众气象服务提供新的思路。凌海、北镇更容易出现极端降水天气;锦州地区日降水出现小雨天气概率最高,暴雨以上降水概率较低,锦州地区各站极少出现大暴雨以上量级降水,对锦州降水量级预报,尤其是暴雨或大暴雨以上降水量级的预报起到一定的指示作用。  相似文献   

基于CA-FCM方法的飞机增雨效果检验及分析     

沙修竹  邵振平  刘艳华  王山海 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(2):78-84

采用河南省2013—2017年飞机增雨作业资料,利用CA-FCM方法进行增雨效果检验,以探究CA-FCM方法在河南区域飞机增雨效果检验中的合理性及适用性,并分析相对增雨率与季节、检验物理量、垂直积分液态含水量之间的关系。结果表明：CA-FCM方法应用于河南省飞机增雨效果检验,能够获得定量而合理的增雨效果。多数作业相对增雨率0%—40%,少数作业存在减雨效果。研究中春季、夏季、秋季相对增雨率分别为20.8%、22.4%、-22.6%。春季、夏季飞机增雨效果明显优于秋季,一半的秋季增雨作业呈减雨效果,这可能与作业云层可播性条件有较大关系,春季、夏季云层可播性条件优于秋季。显著性检验表明,65%的作业增雨效果显著。增雨作业区域的垂直积分液态含水量越大,相对增雨率显著增加。具有“作业前回波30—50 dBz”、“作业云层尺度较大”条件的作业,易产生一定增雨效果;作业云层回波20—30 dBz,易产生减雨效果;回波强度及面积的维持或增强对增雨效果有明显贡献。  相似文献   

青藏高原5月大气热源与黑龙江省盛夏降水的关系     

娄德君  王波  王冀  张雪梅  刘玉莲  周显伟 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(2):34-40

利用1961—2017年黑龙江省夏季降水资料和NCEP再分析资料,采用奇异值分解、相关分析、回归分析等方法,研究了青藏高原大气热源与黑龙江省盛夏降水的关系及可能的影响机制。结果表明:5月青藏高原热源与黑龙江省7月降水关系最密切,当5月高原东部热源偏强时,7月黑龙江省中部降水显著偏少。5月热源偏强年,在副热带西风急流的作用下,7月中纬度环流呈现类似“丝绸之路”型遥相关波列,同时东亚沿岸环流呈现类似“东亚—太平洋”型遥相关波列,在二者共同作用下黑龙江省受反气旋式环流影响,7月降水偏少。  相似文献   

基于深度学习和雷达观测的华南短临预报精度评估     

梁振清  陈生 《气象研究与应用》2020,(1):41-47

利用最新的深度学习算法,即卷积长短期记忆(Convolution Long-Short Term Memory)神经网络,构建基于深度学习的人工智能短临预报系统,以广州地区2019年3-5月雷达观测的数据为输入进行训练,然后进行短期1h内的降水预报。利用常用的统计评分指标(探测率POD、误报率FAR、临界成功指数CSI,相关系数CC)检验模型。结果表明,预报结果与实际观测的相关系数在1h内预报均保持在0.6以上,在1h内预报探测率均保持在80%以上,临界成功指数在降水强度为10mm·h^-1时,基本保持在60%,误报率均小于40%。  相似文献   

青藏和伊朗高原热力异常与北疆夏季降水的关系   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

赵勇  杨青  黄安宁  钱永甫 《气象学报》2013,71(4):660-667

青藏高原和伊朗高原热力异常对其周边地区天气气候有重要影响,已有研究多关注东部季风区,而对干旱区关注较少.针对这一不足,利用美国国家环境预测中心/美国国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析月平均资料和北疆43站降水资料,分析了1961-2007年5月青藏高原和伊朗高原地表感热异常与北疆夏季降水的关系.奇异值分解(SVD)分析发现,5月青藏高原地表感热与北疆夏季降水呈负相关,伊朗高原为正相关.青藏高原和伊朗高原感热异常的大尺度对比,要比仅考虑单一高原的感热异常与北疆夏季降水有更密切的联系.定义了一个热力差异指数来表征这种地表感热异常的对比程度,相关分析发现,当5月伊朗高原地表感热偏强,青藏高原地表感热偏弱时,500hPa中亚上空和贝加尔湖上空分别为异常气旋和反气旋环流,在二者共同作用下,新疆上空盛行异常的偏南气流,有利于低纬度的暖湿气流北上,形成有利于降水的环流形势,同时越赤道索马里急流偏强,低纬度水汽被接力输送至中亚和新疆地区,为降水的发生提供了有利的水汽条件.进一步分析发现,青藏高原热力异常主要影响中高层大气环流,伊朗高原则主要影响水汽通量输送.  相似文献   

On the role of the planetary boundary layer in cyclogenesis over the ocean: Research note     

Maurice Danard 《大气与海洋》2013,51(4):466-470

Abstract

The importance of boundary‐layer convergence of mass and water vapour on the pressure tendency is studied. Mass convergence tends to fill the low while moisture convergence deepens it, owing to the subsequent release of latent heat. It is estimated that at dew points above about 18°C, the moisture convergence effect becomes dominant; that is, the C1SK mechanism is important at high dew points.  相似文献   

An Overview of the Second Generation Adjusted Daily Precipitation Dataset for Trend Analysis in Canada     

Éva Mekis  Lucie A. Vincent 《大气与海洋》2013,51(2):163-177

A second generation adjusted precipitation daily dataset has been prepared for trend analysis in Canada. Daily rainfall and snowfall amounts have been adjusted for 464 stations for known measurement issues such as wind undercatch, evaporation and wetting losses for each type of rain-gauge, snow water equivalent from ruler measurements, trace observations and accumulated amounts from several days. Observations from nearby stations were sometimes combined to create time series that are longer; hence, making them more useful for trend studies. In this new version, daily adjustments are an improvement over the previous version because they are derived from an extended dataset and enhanced metadata knowledge. Datasets were updated to cover recent years, including 2009. The impact of the adjustments on rainfall and snowfall total amounts and trends was examined in detail. As a result of adjustments, total rainfall amounts have increased by 5 to 10% in southern Canada and by more than 20% in the Canadian Arctic, compared to the original observations, while the effect of the adjustments on snowfall were larger and more variable throughout the country. The slope of the rain trend lines decreased as a result of the larger correction applied to the older rain-gauges while the slope of the snow trend lines increased, mainly along the west coast and in the Arctic. Finally, annual and seasonal rainfall and snowfall trends based on the adjusted series were computed for 1950–2009 and 1900–2009. Overall, rainfall has increased across the country while a mix of non-significant increasing and decreasing trends was found during the summer in the Canadian Prairies. Snowfall has increased mainly in the north while a significant decrease was observed in the southwestern part of the country for 1950–2009.

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Simulation and Projection of Changes in Rainy Season Precipitation over China Using the WRF Model   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

WANG Shuzhou  YU Entao 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(4):577-584

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used in a regional climate model configuration to simulate past precipitation climate of China during the rainy season (May-September) of 1981-2000, and to investigate potential future (2041-2060 and 2081-2100) changes in precipitation over China relative to the reference period 1981-2000. WRF is run with initial conditions from a coupled general circulation model, i.e., the high-resolution version of MIROC (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate). WRF reproduces the observed distribution of rainy season precipitation in 1981-2000 and its interannual variations better than MIROC. MIROC projects increases in rainy season precipitation over most parts of China and decreases of more than 25 mm over parts of Taiwan and central Tibet by the mid-21st century. WRF projects decreases in rainfall over southern Tibetan Plateau, Southwest China, and northwestern part of Northeast China, and increases in rainfall by more than 100 mm along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 2041-2060. MIROC projects further increases in rainfall over most of China by the end of the 21st century, although simulated rainfall decreases by more than 25 mm over parts of Taiwan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and central Tibet. WRF projects increased rainfall of more than 100 mm along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and decreased rainfall over Southwest China, and southern Tibetan Plateau by the end of the 21st century.  相似文献   

Modeling Study of the Effect of Anthropogenic Aerosols on Late Spring Drought in South China     

HU Ning  LIU Xiaohong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(5):701-715

In this study,the mechanisms underlying the decadal variability of late spring precipitation in South China are investigated by using the latest Community Earth System Model version 1 （CESM1）.We aim to unravel the effects of different climate forcing agents such as aerosols and greenhouse gases （GHGs） on the decadal variation of precipitation,based on transient experiments from pre-industry （for year 1850） to present-day （for year 2000）.Our results reveal that：（1） CESM1 can reproduce the climatological features of atmospheric circulation and precipitation for the late spring in South China; （2） only simulations including the forcing of anthropogenic aerosols can reproduce the observed decreasing trend of late spring precipitation from 1950-2000 in South China; （3） aerosols affect the decadal change of precipitation mainly by altering the large-scale atmospheric circulation,and to a less extent by increasing the lower-tropospheric stability to inhibit the convective precipitation; and （4） in comparison,other climate forcing agents such as GHGs have much smaller effects on the decadal change of spring precipitation in South China.  相似文献