Understanding the dynamics of sustainability transitions: the Home Insulation Program     

Lisa Smoleniec  Elizabeth Duncan 《The Australian geographer》2017,48(4):497-517

The Home Insulation Program (HIP) in Australia is an outstanding example of a contemporary attempt to intervene in a socio-technical regime. The program, implemented in 2009 under the then Australian Labor Party government led by Kevin Rudd, was targeted at stimulating the retrofit insulation industry. The objective was to both improve the energy efficiency of homes and thereby contribute to Australia’s emissions reduction targets by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and to stimulate the Australian economy at the time of the global financial crisis. The program ended early following a number of economic issues and health and safety concerns. Despite previous investigation into the HIP reviewing its design and implementation, the focus has been on economic issues and health and safety concerns. To date there has been no investigation of the HIP as a sustainability transition. This article integrates socio-technical transition theory (STTT) and political ecology (PE) approaches to analyse the HIP and identify lessons for future sustainability transition initiatives. This is achieved by illustrating the effect of regime management (RM) on the orientation of niche governance (NG) which highlights the importance of considering the RM and NG aspects of STTT with a PE approach in symmetry, in order to adequately account for political and economic contest and power relations, which are ubiquitous in environmental management governance.  相似文献   

保温法保护多年冻土的长期效果分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

温智  盛煜  马巍  刘永智 《冰川冻土》2006,28(5):760-765

通过分析青藏公路昆仑山越岭地段保温材料(EPS)试验段的地温观测资料发现:结果表明:路基中的保温板近8 a来工作正常,大大减小了保温板下土体温度较差.试验段施工完成12 a来EPS保温板的导热系数没有发生大的改变,车辆荷载、水分和冻融循环等对其影响较小.保温路基段天然孔的年平均温度升温速率比对比段天然孔大,但保温路基下多年冻土近7 a来的升温速率均小于对比段.计算结果证明,路基中铺设的保温材料,可以使进入路基的热交换量大为下降,并使进入路基活动层的热量每年减少近3/4.最后,基于年平均气温,用有限元方法给出了青藏公路多年冻土地区保温法的适用范围.  相似文献   

The human impact on natural rock reserves using basalt,anorthosite, and carbonates as raw materials in insulation products     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):894-904

Typical crustal rocks such as basalt, limestone, and anorthosite are used in stone wool insulation products. The raw materials for stone wool production are not specific to any rare mineral source but depend upon the mixture of materials having the correct chemical composition, exemplified by 40 wt% basalt, 20 wt% anorthosite, and 40 wt% cement-bonded renewable materials. This study provides an overview of the natural cycle of these resources, including their abundances in nature, and sets the consumption by the stone wool industry and other human activities in perspective.

Basalt, anorthosite, and carbonates are widespread on all continents. Although basaltic rocks cover most of the ocean floor, these reserves are hidden below several kilometres of water and therefore are regarded as inaccessible. Instead, large igneous provinces on land constitute major basaltic reserves useful for human rock exploration. Globally, anorthositic provinces comprise smaller volumes than do limestone or basalt, but still occur in sufficient amounts to supply for the production of insulation materials indefinitely. An evaluation of the modern consumption rates and reserves shows that the crustal inventories of these rock types are so large that they could supply current human demand for millions of years.

The natural degradation of surface rocks occurs by physical and chemical weathering creating sediment that is transported along rivers and deposited in the ocean. Sediments are either obducted with continental lithosphere or subducted with oceanic crust and recycled through the mantle by plate tectonics. Insulation products have a chemical composition similar to average crustal rocks and participate in the natural rock cycle. However, these products need not accumulate in nature, inasmuch as old insulation materials serve as excellent source materials for new products. Moreover, current production lines exploit more than 30 natural and 20–30 synthetic source materials that circumvent regional depletion and contribute to the recycling of other industrial materials.  相似文献   

冻结管保温效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄井武  王建平  王恒 《冰川冻土》2011,33(3):551-556

针对当前多圈孔冻结造成的冷量分配不合理以及大圈径冻结孔布置与永久井架基础的矛盾,运用现场实验与数值模拟对比分析冻结器套管抽真空保温与聚氨酯保温的优劣性.实验表明:在目前技术水平下套管抽真空真空度不够导致隔温效果差、持续时间短;采用聚氨酯保温冻结器,管外土体降温梯度小于未保温情况,且与未保温冻结器管外温差随冻结期增长趋于...  相似文献   

Thermal insulation and geothermal targeting,with specific reference to coal-bearing basins     

T. J. Rawling  M. Sandiford  G. R. Beardsmore  S. Quenette  S. H. Goyen  B. Harrison 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):817-830

Coal-bearing basins have increased economic potential for enhanced geothermal systems owing to thermal insulation provided by the coal and associated organic-rich sediments. In such insulation-dominated prospects, heat refraction effects associated with buried insulators can produce negative surface heat-flow anomalies in the most prospective areas. The Latrobe Valley in Victoria, Australia, is an archetypal coal basin. Using numerical simulations incorporating the coal geometries, we show that the Latrobe Valley coals might elevate the temperature of the rocks at 4 km depth by some 30–35°C relative to a ‘base’ condition with no coal. This effectively boosts the average geothermal gradient by about 30%, with a corresponding improvement in the economic case for geothermal energy in the Latrobe Valley.  相似文献   

季节冻土区基床改性填料与保温护坡对路基温度场的影响分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陆永港  肖宏  陈民子 《冰川冻土》2016,38(4):1059-1066

高速铁路对轨道平顺性具有非常高的要求,在季节冻土区建设的铁路面临着路基冻胀问题,由路基冻胀引起的轨道变形严重影响了高速铁路运行的安全性与舒适性.通过对比其他学者关于路基冻胀的处理与防治方法,提出了采用水泥稳定级配碎石代替普通级配碎石作为基床表层填料,同时在路基边坡铺设保温护坡的方法来防治路基冻胀.根据哈大客运专线季节冻土区的地质及气候条件,采用有限元数值仿真方法分析路基基床表层采用水泥稳定级配碎石和在路基边坡加设保温护坡后对路基温度场的影响.并将分析结果与哈大客运专线的现场实测结果进行了对比,验证了有限元数值仿真结果的可靠性,分析结果表明：在基床表层换填水泥稳定级配碎石,同时在路基边坡铺设3.0 m高、2.5 m宽的保温护坡后可以有效缓解路基的冻胀,与无任何保温措施的普通路基相比,路基中心处的最大冻结深度减小了0.5 m,路肩处的最大冻结深度减小了1.1 m.  相似文献   

青藏铁路涵洞现浇混凝土基础水化热的数值分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张学富  赖远明  喻文兵  张建明 《冰川冻土》2004,26(1):106-111

考虑相变和热量生成, 导出瞬态温度场问题的热量平衡控制微分方程, 并应用伽辽金法推导出了有限元计算公式. 计算了青藏铁路格尔木至拉萨段DK1258 240处正在修建的涵洞现浇混凝土基础水化热的影响, 结果证明, 现浇混凝土水化热在施工后半年内对涵洞周围的冻土的热状况影响较大, 施工后2 a时仍然还有影响. 为了减小这种影响, 计算了涵洞现浇混凝土基础下铺设厚度为10 cm的保温材料的冻土热状况, 材料分两种方式铺设: 一种铺设与涵洞基础等宽度; 一种铺设比涵洞基础宽度大5 cm. 比较证明: 在涵洞现浇混凝土基础下铺设保温材料可减少现浇混凝土水化热对冻土热状况的影响, 保温材料应按方式二铺设.  相似文献   

窗墙面积比对高层住宅外墙外保温火灾蔓延的影响分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李镇江  段海娟  赵永峰  赵金城 《地震学刊》2014,(4):479-484

外墙外保温火灾发生后,窗口不仅成为火焰进入室内的通道,而且提供大量的新鲜空气,可能导致室内发生轰燃。为了研究住宅窗墙面积比（以下简称窗墙比）对火势的蔓延速率和火场温度的影响,采用了美国标准与技术研究所开发的场模拟软件FDS（火灾动力学模拟器）,模拟了不同窗墙比情况下的住宅外墙外保温火灾。分析结果表明：随着窗墙比的增大,火灾蔓延速率变快,蔓延范围增大,但峰值温度降低;起火面窗墙比为0.25时,测点峰值温度远大于对照组,起火面窗墙比为0.30时,起火房间有明显的轰燃现象,起火面窗墙比为0.35时,充分对流通风,环境冷空气进入室内,峰值温度较低;非起火面窗墙比变化基本符合上述规律,但当窗墙比过小（0.20）时,火焰难以进入室内,火势较小。  相似文献   

Study of the insulation effect of freezing apparatuses     

JingWu Huang  JianPing Wang  Heng Wang 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(1):0028-0033

In-situ tests and numerical manipulations were conducted for comparison of superior/inferior quality of casing-tube-vacuumized insulation and polyurethane insulation of freezing apparatuses in relation to non-uniform cold distribution in the multi-coil freezing layout and the contradiction between large-coil diameter layout of the freezing holes and stability of the headframe base. Tests show that: (1) under current technology, vacuumized insulation is of short duration due to lack of appropriate applied vacuum; (2) after the freezing pipe is insulated with polyurethane, the temperature gradient is less than no insulation, and the temperature difference between insulated and non-insulated apparatuses is stable as the freezing period increases. Finally, it is pointed out that polyurethane insulation is quite efficient in present technical freezing construction.  相似文献   

干冰升华式孔底冷冻取样器冷源保冷方法的试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

郭威  孙友宏  陈晨  赵江鹏  赵建国 《探矿工程》2009,36(9):5-6,10

针对已研制的天然气水合物孔底冷冻取样器,为进一步提高取样器干冰冷源的保冷效果,提出干冰冷源双层保冷方法。通过试验研究,证明干冰冷源双层保冷方法可大幅度提高干冰在井内的保存时间,可以将此方法应用于取样器的设计。  相似文献