Main progress and prospect for China's hydrogeological survey          下载免费PDF全文

WU Ai-min  HAO Ai-bing  GUO Hai-peng  LIU Jing-tao  ZHANG Er-yong  WANG Huang  WANG Xin-feng  WEN Xue-ru  ZHANG Cui-guang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):195-209

This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China, summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade, and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the p14th Five-year Planq. The significant progress includes: China established the 1: 50 000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of high-quality hydrogeological maps; the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted, which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally; fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey, and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked; hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results; China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater, integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring; the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety; the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered, making up for the shortage of 1: 250 000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert; and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin, and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level.  相似文献   

Physico-chemical,bacteriological and health hazard effect analysis of the water in Taladanda Canal,Paradip area,Odisha, India          下载免费PDF全文

Rabiranjan Prusty  Trinath Biswal 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(4):338-348

The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters of the water in Taladanda canal and associated water-borne diseases,from which the dwellers have suffered,were studied,by using statistical method. Overuse and the addition of the wastes with sources from urbane industrial sectors,as well as the decrease in water level have caused the canal water quality declined drastically and subsequently led to extensive eutrophication and bacterial contamination. According to the water sample analytical results,the water is lightly acidic with the pH value of 4.5~6.7. The measured indexes,such as total dissolved solid (TDS),electrical conductivity (EC),total suspended solid (TSS),Mn,Zn,Al,Fe,Cu,Cr,and Hg etc,mostly have very high concentrations which are higher than permissible limit,indicating that the canal water is completely unsuitable for human consumption. Furthermore,the biological analysis shows that the total coliform (TC) is in the range of 45.9~30.2 in per 100 mL water in April,30.5~25.3/100 mL in July and 52.9~35.4/100 mL in December,respectively. Similarly,fecal coliform (FC) ranges from 12.8 to 10.1,10.5~7.5 and 13.1~6.4 per 100 mL water in the months of April,July and December respectively. As a result,people who use the water have suffered from different water-borne diseases. On the basis of disease data derived from hospital observations in a period of three years,there had been 4 284 people affected by different water-borne diseases from 2016 to 2018.  相似文献   

基于PyQt5的水深比对检测系统在水下地形测量检查中的应用     

唐佑辉  许成义  赵云昌 《山东国土资源》2023,39(8):58-62

水下地形测量质量检查主要通过布设一定数量的检查线,通过比对检查线和主测线相交处一定范围的测点水深差值来衡量,还需检查主测线长度、检查线长度、各深度区间中误差、不符值比例等参数信息。主测线数据和检查线数据量一般都比较大,单纯依靠人工对比计算难以高效、准确实现。目前Python语言以其简洁易用、可扩展行强的优点逐渐成为主流编程语言。PyQt5是Python中一个广泛使用的GUI工具包,可方便构建图形用户程序。本文针对水下地形测量质量检查检测数据量大、检查参数多的特点,利用Python语言,基于PyQt5设计开发了一套水深比对检测系统,在山东省水库水下地形测量质量检查中得到了实际应用,取得了较好的效果。  相似文献   

解析不动产存量数据整合建库中的技术服务与质量控制          下载免费PDF全文

田纪飞  陈菲  李建光 《山东国土资源》2023,39(4):83-86

在我国不动产登记工作,以前一直处于分散状态。国土、住建、林地、海洋等不动产管理数据分别由不同的政府部门确权登记,随着《不动产登记暂行条例》的颁布,存量不动产登记数据整合建库,已成为我国进行不动产统一确权登记的重要保证。数据来源多个部门,数据格式多样,空间定位精度不统一,“碎片化”现象严重。现有的数据库质量检查软件的规则集与程序代码相绑定,具有不透明性。本文就此问题开展深入性探讨,对不动产登记数据整合建库工作中的技术服务和质量提出了约束性要求。  相似文献   

红毛菜与坛紫菜光合作用和品质的比较分析          下载免费PDF全文

林密  许凯  徐燕  纪德华  王文磊  陈昌生  谢潮添 《应用海洋学学报》2024,43(2):276-283

为研究两种经济红藻红毛菜(Bangia fucscopurpurea)和坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)的光合作用和品质差异,选取一株野生型红毛菜CY和一株野生型坛紫菜NSD35作为实验材料,分别测定二者在相同培养条件下的关键光合参数和营养成分指标。结果显示：红毛菜的最大电子传递速率、净光合速率、藻红蛋白含量分别比坛紫菜高29.6%、96.8%、60.5%;必需矿质元素钾、钙、镁、铁、锌的含量分别比坛紫菜高59.5%、39.5%、34.1%、86.2%、68.4%;红毛菜的必需氨基酸和风味氨基酸含量都高于坛紫菜。此外,二者的呼吸速率、最大光量子产率、叶绿素a、总糖、总蛋白和碘含量没有显著差异。研究结果表明,与坛紫菜NSD35相比,红毛菜CY的光合速率更快,矿质元素积累能力更强,必需氨基酸和风味氨基酸含量更高。研究结果有助于了解红毛菜和坛紫菜的光合作用和品质特点,为开发红毛菜种质资源提供数据参考。  相似文献   

Compartmentalisation and groundwater–surface water interactions in a prospective shale gas basin: Assessment using variance analysis and multivariate statistics on water quality data     

Miles P. Wilson  Fred Worrall  Sarah A. Clancy  Chris J. Ottley  Alwyn Hart  Richard J. Davies 《水文研究》2020,34(15):3271-3294

An environmental concern with hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is the risk of groundwater and surface water contamination. Assessing this risk partly involves the identification and understanding of groundwater–surface water interactions because potentially contaminating fluids could move from one water body to the other along hydraulic pathways. In this study, we use water quality data from a prospective shale gas basin to determine: if surface water sampling could identify groundwater compartmentalisation by low-permeability faults; and if surface waters interact with groundwater in underlying bedrock formations, thereby indicating hydraulic pathways. Variance analysis showed that bedrock geology was a significant factor influencing surface water quality, indicating regional-scale groundwater–surface water interactions despite the presence of an overlying region-wide layer of superficial deposits averaging 30–40 m thickness. We propose that surface waters interact with a weathered bedrock layer through the complex distribution of glaciofluvial sands and gravels. Principal component analysis showed that surface water compositions were constrained within groundwater end-member compositions. Surface water quality data showed no relationship with groundwater compartmentalisation known to be caused by a major basin fault. Therefore, there was no chemical evidence to suggest that deeper groundwater in this particular area of the prospective basin was reaching the surface in response to compartmentalisation. Consequently, in this case compartmentalisation does not appear to increase the risk of fracking-related contaminants reaching surface waters, although this may differ under different hydrogeological scenarios.  相似文献   

Comparison of environmental tracers including organic micropollutants as groundwater exfiltration indicators into a small river of a karstic catchment     

Clarissa Glaser  Marc Schwientek  Tobias Junginger  Benjamin Silas Gilfedder  Sven Frei  Martina Werneburg  Christian Zwiener  Christiane Zarfl 《水文研究》2020,34(24):4712-4726

Understanding groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interactions is vital for water management in karstic catchments due to its impact on water quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the applicability of seven environmental tracers to quantify and localize groundwater exfiltration into a small, human-impacted karstic river system. Tracers were selected based on their emission source to the surface water either as (a) dissolved, predominantly geogenic compounds (radon-222, sulphate and electrical conductivity) or (b) anthropogenic compounds (predominantly) originating from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents (carbamazepine, tramadol, sodium, chloride). Two contrasting sampling approaches were compared (a) assuming steady-state flow conditions and (b) considering the travel time of the water parcels (Lagrangian sampling) through the catchment to account for diurnal changes in inflow from the WWTP. Spatial variability of the concentrations of all tracers indicated sections of preferential groundwater inflow. Lagrangian sampling techniques seem highly relevant for capturing dynamic concentration patterns of WWTP-derived compounds. Quantification of GW inflow with the finite element model FINIFLUX, based on observed in-stream Rn activities led to plausible fluxes along the investigated river reaches (0.265 m³ s⁻¹), while observations of other natural or anthropogenic environmental tracers produced less plausible water fluxes. Important point sources of groundwater exfiltration can be ascribed to locations where the river crosses geological fault lines. This indicates that commonly applied concepts describing groundwater–surface water interactions assuming diffuse flow in porous media are difficult to transfer to karstic river systems whereas concepts from fractured aquifers may be more applicable. In general, this study helps selecting the best suited hydrological tracer for GW exfiltration and leads to a better understanding of processes controlling groundwater inflow into karstic river systems.  相似文献   

Wood retention at inclined racks: Effects on flow and local bedload processes     

Isabella Schalko 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(9):2036-2047

Large wood (LW) transport can increase greatly during floods, leading to accumulations at river infrastructures. To mitigate the potential flood hazard, racks are a common method to retain LW upstream of endangered settlements or infrastructures. The majority of LW retention racks consist of vertical bars and, therefore, disrupt bedload transport. It can be hypothesized that inclined racks reduce backwater rise and local scour, as wood will block the upper part of the rack, thereby increasing the open flow cross-section below the accumulation. Flume experiments were conducted under clear water conditions to analyse backwater rise and local scour as a function of (1) rack inclination, (2) hydraulic inflow condition, (3) uniform bed material, and (4) LW volume. In addition, the first experiments were performed under live bed scour conditions to study the effect of bedload transport on local scour and backwater rise. Based on the experiments, backwater rise and local scour decrease with decreasing rack angle to the horizontal. LW predominantly accumulated at the upper part of the rack, leading to an open flow cross-section below the accumulation. The effect of rack angle was included in existing design equations for backwater rise and local scour depth. In addition, the first experiments with bedload transport resulted in smaller backwater rise and local scour depth. This study contributes to an enhanced process understanding of wood retention and bedload transport at rack structures and an improved design of LW retention racks. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2020年7月12日唐山MS5.1地震预警处理能力分析     

王莉婵  毛国良  李小军  王宁  王亚玲 《中国地震》2020,36(3):394-406

2020年7月12日,河北唐山发生M_S5.1地震,河北省地震预警系统成功地处理并产出了这次地震预警各种结果数据,本文借助此次地震对河北地震预警网内震中距200km范围内台站产出质量以及地震预警前5次处理结果进行详细分析。此次地震发生在河北地震预警网内,平均台间距为10km,首台触发后3s、震后6s发布首次处理结果,与编目结果相比,震级偏差为-1.3,震中位置偏差为2.6km,盲区半径为18km。随着参与定位台站数量增多,震级与位置偏差越来越小,但震级仍整体偏小。河北地震预警网台站产出质量整体较高,其中烈度台作为地震预警最重要的组成部分,是决定预警效果的关键因素。本次地震震中距200km范围内,烈度台平均信噪比为48,震中距50km范围内平均信噪比为112,符合预警系统对信噪比的要求。本次地震预警结果表明,河北地震预警网内台站布局基本合理,波形质量较高,地震预警系统处理软件在本次地震中预警产出效果较好,已经具备了一定的地震预警能力。  相似文献   

2012-2018年巢湖水质变化趋势分析和蓝藻防控建议   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

张民  史小丽  阳振  陈开宁 《湖泊科学》2020,32(1):11-20

巢湖自1990s中期至2012年间水质明显改善,但是近年来水质改善效果变缓,2018年蓝藻水华面积显著增加,为有效评估巢湖水体环境的变化,通过对20122018年巢湖17个点位的逐月调查数据分析阐述了近年来巢湖水质和藻情的变化特征,并在流域空间尺度上分析了巢湖流域水污染治理的进展和不足,为后续治理方向的调整和确定提供支撑.20122018年湖区调查数据显示:巢湖湖体总磷和总氮浓度显著升高,铵态氮浓度显著下降,水华蓝藻总量显著升高.在空间上,各污染指标水平呈现由西向东呈逐渐降低的趋势,但是各指标在不同湖区随时间的变化趋势差异明显,西部湖区的总磷、总氮和水华蓝藻指标近年来略有下降或持平,中部和东部湖区则显著升高,所以巢湖湖体总氮和总磷浓度的升高主要源于中、东部湖区的升高,这也是这两个湖区水华蓝藻变动的主要驱动因素.主要入湖河口数据显示:西部4条主要入湖污染河流(南淝河、十五里河、塘西河和派河)水质明显改善,但仍处于较高污染水平,中东部入湖河流(兆河、双桥河和柘皋河)总磷浓度明显升高,是中东部湖区水体营养盐升高的主要原因.中东部河流入湖污染的增加加剧了该区域湖体的富营养化水平,尤其是总磷浓度明显提升,导致中东部湖区夏季水华蓝藻的优势种从鱼腥藻种类演替为微囊藻种类.夏季微囊藻的大量繁殖,使得2018年巢湖中东部湖区部分月份水华面积异常增高.因此,巢湖流域的治理应该在持续强化流域西部合肥市污染治理的同时,增加对流域中部和东部治理的关注和投入.  相似文献