http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000600   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Longyi Shao  Dongdong Wang  Houan Cai  Hao Wang  Jing Lu  Pengfei Zhang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(3):409-419

Detailed studies on Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous carbonate rocks in central Hunan, southern China have led to the recognition of 25 lithofacies which can be grouped into:(1) inner ramp peritidal platform,(2) inner ramp organic bank and mound.(3) mid ramp,(4) outer ramp,and(5) shelf basin fades associations.The peritidal platform fades association dominates the Zimenqiao Formation (Namurian A or late Datangian) and is characterized by gypsum and dolostone-containing sequences, indicating a peritidal platform environment.The other four fades associations dominate the Menggongao Formation(late Famennian).Liujiatang Formation(Tournaisian or Yangruanian).Shidengzi Formations (early Visean or early Datangian).Five upward-shallowing cycles were distinguished in these three Formations.The predominant fades associations developed in each Formation demonstrate an overall transgression-regression cycle in the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous in central Hunan.The overall transgressive sequence was preserved in the Shaodong.Menggongao.and Liujiatang Formations,and the overall regressive sequence was preserved in the Liujiatang.Shidengzi.Ceshui and Zimenqiao Formations.  相似文献   

Geometry,spatial arrangement and origin of carbonate grain‐dominated,scour‐fill and event‐bed deposits: Late Jurassic Jubaila Formation and Arab‐D Member,Saudi Arabia     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(4):1043-1066

Outcrop analogues of the Late Jurassic lower Arab‐D reservoir zone in Saudi Arabia expose a succession of fining‐upward cycles deposited on a distal middle‐ramp to outer‐ramp setting. These cycles are interrupted by erosional scours that incise up to 1·8 m into underlying deposits and are infilled with intraclasts up to boulder size (1 m diameter). Scours of similar size and infill are not commonly observed on low‐angle carbonate ramps. Outcrops have been used to characterize and quantify facies‐body geometries and spatial relationships. The coarse grain size of scour‐fills indicates scouring and boulder transport by debris or hyperconcentrated density flows strengthened by offshore‐directed currents. Longitudinal and lateral flow transformation is invoked to produce the ‘pit and wing’ geometry of the scours. Scour pits and wings erode up to 1·8 m and 0·7 m deep, respectively, and are on average 50 m wide between wing tips. The flat bases of the scours and their lack of consistent aspect ratio indicate that erosion depth was limited by the presence of cemented firmgrounds in underlying cycles. Scours define slightly sinuous channels that are consistently oriented north–south, sub‐parallel to the inferred regional depositional strike of the ramp, suggesting that local palaeobathymetry was more complex than commonly assumed. Weak lateral clustering of some scours indicates that they were underfilled and reoccupied by later scour incision and infill. Rudstone scour‐fills required reworking of material from inner ramp by high‐energy, offshore‐directed flows, associated with storm action and the hydraulic gradient produced by coastal storm setup, to generate erosion and sustain transport of clasts that are generally associated with steeper slopes. Quantitative analysis indicates that these coarse‐grained units have limited potential for correlation between wells as laterally continuous, highly permeable reservoir flow units, but their erosional and locally clustered character may increase effective vertical permeability of the Arab‐D reservoir zone as a whole.  相似文献   

Deformation along a salient-transverse zone junction: An example from the Leamington transverse zone,Utah, Sevier fold-thrust belt (USA)     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

Within fold-thrust belts, the junctions between salients and recesses may hold critical clues to the overall kinematic history of fold-thrust belts. The deformation history within these junctions is best preserved in areas where thrust sheets extend from a salient through an adjacent recess. We examine one such junction within the Sevier fold-thrust belt (western United States) along the Leamington transverse zone, northern Utah. The Canyon Range thrust sheet can be traced continuously from the Leamington transverse zone to its adjacent salient to the south, the Central Utah segment. Deformation within the Canyon Range thrust sheet took place by faulting and cataclastic flow. Analyses of these fault networks preserved throughout the Canyon Range thrust sheet are used to develop a kinematic history of the Leamington transverse zone. Field data is supplemented by analog sandbox experiments. This study suggests that, in detail, deformation within the overlying thrust sheet may not directly reflect the underlying basement structure. Moreover, these junctions may contain several types of accommodating structures that helped to maintain critical-taper and that serve as potential targets for natural resource exploration.  相似文献   

Carbonate platform development in a Paleoproterozoic extensional basin,Vempalle Formation,Cuddapah Basin,India     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

Sedimentological investigation of the late Paleoproterozoic (Orosirian) Vempalle Formation of the Cuddapah Basin, Dharwar craton, India, reveals three facies association that range from supratidal to deep subtidal. Sedimentary rocks of this succession are dominated by heterolithic carbonate mudstone, intraformational carbonate conglomerate, and a variety of columnar, domal, and stratiform microbialite facies. Deposition occurred in an extensional regime during development of a low-gradient ramp, where the distribution of microbialite facies is distinctly depth-partitioned. A gradual increase in synoptic relief of columnar stromatolites through the section, and the upward transition from stratiform to columnar microbialites, record a prolonged marine transgression with little or no influx of terrigenous detritus. Siliciclastic influx along the northeastern side of the shelf reflects the redistribution of topographic highs concomitant with large scale volcanic activity. Redistribution of topographic highs eventually led to progradation of peritidal facies and shutting down of the carbonate factory. Earthquake-induced ground shaking and voluminous volcanism experienced by this platform point to the reactivation of a deep-seated mantle-plume that resulted in thermal doming of the Dharwar crust prior to the onset of Cuddapah deposition. Isotopic and elemental chemistry of a selection of Vempalle Formation carbonate rocks record elevated Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ concentrations and depleted carbon isotope values in inner ramp lagoonal facies, relative to more open marine stromatolitic facies. Patterns of isotopic and elemental variation suggest the presence of geochemically distinct water masses—either within the water column or within substrate pore fluids—that resulted from a combination of globally low marine oxygenation and restricted oceanographic circulation in inner ramp environments. These data suggest that, even in the aftermath of Early Paleoproterozoic oxygenation, that ocean chemistry was heterogeneous and strongly affected by local basin conditions.  相似文献   

Sedimentary facies and diagenetic features of the Early Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt,Iran     

《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2013

The Early Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation (middle part of the Khami Group), is one of the important reservoir rocks in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt. The Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt is located on the boundary between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and formed from collision between Eurasia and advancing Arabia during the Cenozoic. In this study area, the Fahliyan Formation with a thickness of 325 m, consists of carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite). This formation overlies the Late Jurassic Surmeh Formation unconformably and underlies the Early Cretaceous Gadvan Formation conformably at Gadvan Anticline. The formation was investigated by a detailed petrographic analysis to clarify the depositional facies, sedimentary environments and diagenetic features in the Gadvan Anticline. Petrographic studies led to recognition of the 12 microfacies that were deposited in four facies belts: tidal flat, lagoon, and shoal in inner ramp and shallow open marine in mid-ramp environments. The absence of turbidite deposits, reefal facies, and gradual facies changes show that the Fahliyan Formation was deposited on a carbonate ramp. Calcareous algae and benthic foraminifera are abundant in the shallow marine carbonates of the Fahliyan Formation. The diagenetic settings favored productioning a variety of features which include cements from early to late marine cements, micritization, dolomitization, compaction features, dissolution fabric, and pores. The diagenetic sequence can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) eugenic stage: marine diagenetic environment, (2) mesogenic stage: burial environment, and (3) telogenic stage: meteoric diagenetic environment.  相似文献   

色谱分析条件对低纬度痕量长链烯酮温度指标应用可靠性的影响     

南青云  李铁刚  陈金霞  孙晗杰 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2012,(4):91-96

通过对气相色谱仪分析低纬陆架痕量长链烯酮过程中的升温速率和载气流速两个主要条件进行了探讨,对比了不同的程序升温速率和不同载气流量条件下烯酮的分离效果和检测精确度及重现性。研究发现色谱分析条件对低纬度痕量长链烯酮的分析有显著的影响。当前广泛适用于中低纬度开放大洋沉积物样品的较高的程序升温方法难以对低纬度高陆源物质冲淡作用影响下的陆架海沉积物样品进行有效的分离分析。在接近U3K7′指标适用温度上限且C37∶3烯酮含量极低的情况下(1ng/g干样,计算温度接近27℃),采用较低的程序升温速率分离C37∶3和C37∶2及后续化合物有利于获得良好的分离效果,且分析的精确度和重现性较之高的升温速率好。在对痕量且接近温度适用极限的烯酮样品进行分析时,应采用相对较小的载气流量以便获得理想的分离度和更加精确的分析结果。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地奥陶系蓬莱坝组碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积特征及油气勘探意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

熊冉  张天付  乔占峰  贺训云  王慧 《沉积与特提斯地质》2019,39(1):42-49

塔里木盆地奥陶系蓬莱坝组广泛发育的白云岩是油气勘探的主要目标之一,储层的分布受沉积相控制作用明显,普遍认为蓬莱坝组沉积模式是弱镶边-局限台地的沉积模式。本文基于地震资料精细解释,结合野外露头与钻井岩相类型及发育特征分析,对沉积模式与相带展布特征进行研究,首次提出了蓬莱坝组为碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积的新认识,并探讨了其油气勘探意义。依据地震地层结构、地层厚度变化特征,以及岩相发育规律体现的颗粒滩普遍发育特征、岩性的分区性揭示的岩性变化受古地貌明显控制的特征,认为蓬莱坝组沉积时期为缓坡沉积环境,可分为内缓坡相、中缓坡相和外缓坡相,且具有中缓坡和内缓坡两种成滩背景。其中中缓坡高能颗粒滩平面上呈条带状在塔中北斜坡-顺南-古城地区及塔北南缘地区规模发育,是蓬莱坝组颗粒滩储层勘探的优选区。碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积新认识改变了传统的台缘礁滩勘探思路,拓展了勘探领域,对推动蓬莱坝组勘探具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

伊拉克HF油田上白垩统碳酸盐缓坡相储层发育特征     

黄茜  伏美燕  赵丽敏  周文  王昱翔 《沉积学报》2019,37(2):371-378

伊拉克HF油田上白垩统Hartha组灰岩沉积在碳酸盐缓坡环境,储层发育特征及其主控因素尚不明确。通过钻井、测井、岩芯和地震资料,并结合薄片观察、分析化验,研究了该油田Hartha组的岩石学特征、储集空间特征及物性特征,并分析了沉积相和成岩作用对储层发育的控制。结果表明,厚度约50 m的Hartha组的储层岩石类型主要为粒泥灰岩、泥粒灰岩和颗粒灰岩,孔隙度10%～22%,渗透率集中在(0.1～0.5)×10^(-3 )μm^2和(1～5)×10^(-3 )μm^2,基质物性较好。Hartha组上段储集性能相对较好,Hartha组下段发育外缓坡灰泥,储集性较差。沉积作用对储层的物性起着主要控制作用,滩相储层的物性明显好于非滩相。该套灰岩的储集空间为粒间孔、铸模孔、生物体腔孔,以及粒内溶孔和微裂缝。晚白垩世暴露剥蚀期,在表生作用下Hartha A层溶孔部分被胶结物充填,存在局部的强烈胶结带。  相似文献   

Environmental controls on the development of Mississippian microbial carbonate mounds and platform limestones in southern Montagne Noire (France)     

Pedro Czar  Alain Izart  Ian D. Somerville  Markus Aretz  Ismael Coronado  Daniel Vachard 《Sedimentology》2019,66(6):2392-2424

Late Mississippian carbonates in southern Montagne Noire are dominantly domical to laterally‐accreted microbial mounds in some formations, as well as stratiform microbial limestones occurring in hundreds of olistoliths within a flysch basin, constituting pieces of a giant puzzle that are used to help reconstruct a platform in a region that is no longer preserved. Petrographic data of limestone samples from 14 continuous long sections of olistoliths have been analyzed statistically, using multivariate clustering (Q‐mode) of the components/matrix/cement and canonical correspondence analysis that allow the reconstruction of the environmental parameters of carbonate microbial communities in space and time. Clustering analysis separated microbial and non‐microbial facies. The calculation of indices along the various axes from canonical correspondence analysis allows recognition of the controlling factors of the mounds and microbial growth as being turbidity, light penetration, bathymetry and storms. Turbidity and light penetration are the primary factors controlling the morphology of the microbial limestones. Representation of the light penetration and bathymetry indices on the stratigraphical sections defines two vertical environmental gradients. Light penetration can be subdivided into euphotic, euphotic–dysphotic and dysphotic‐aphotic conditions. The representation of the bathymetry allows the subdivision of samples into a deeper outer ramp, external mid‐ramp and internal mid‐ramp. The curve distance from the section base = f (index) suggests a cyclicity for the platform that cannot be compared with the onlap curve defined from other cratonic areas (Moscow Basin), and thus the cyclic succession of the Montagne Noire is interpreted to have been mostly tectonically‐controlled. Integration of the data allowed the reconstruction of the original Mississippian carbonate platform, where, up to the Mikhailovian, it appears to correspond to a platform morphology, with narrow shallow water facies and wide turbiditic systems, whereas the width of shallow‐water settings expanded during the Venevian to the Protvian, forming a ramp or distally‐steepened ramp with widespread microbial limestones.  相似文献   

Digitized Outcrop Geomodeling of Ramp Shoals and its Reservoirs: as an Example of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Eastern Sichuan Basin     

QIAO Zhanfeng  SHEN Anjiang  ZHENG Jianfeng  Xavier JANSON  CHANG Shaoying  WANG Xiaofang  CHEN Yan  LIAO Yisha 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(4):1395-1412

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