Investigating the Transport Mechanism of PM_2.5 Pollution during January 2014 in Wuhan,Central China     

Miaomiao LU  Xiao TANG  Zifa WANG  Lin WU  Xueshun CHEN  Shengwen LIANG  Hui ZHOU  Huangjian WU  Ke HU  Longjiao SHEN  Jia YU  Jiang ZHU 《大气科学进展》2019,36(11):1217-1234

Severe haze pollution that occurred in January 2014 in Wuhan was investigated. The factors leading to Wuhan’s PM_2.5 pollution and the characteristics and formation mechanism were found to be significantly different from other megacities, like Beijing. Both the growth rates and decline rates of PM_2.5 concentrations in Wuhan were lower than those in Beijing, but the monthly PM_2.5 value was approximately twice that in Beijing. Furthermore, the sharp increases of PM_2.5 concentrations were often accompanied by strong winds. A high-precision modeling system with an online source-tagged method was established to explore the formation mechanism of five haze episodes. The long-range transport of the polluted air masses from the North China Plain (NCP) was the main factor leading to the sharp increases of PM_2.5 concentrations in Wuhan, which contributed 53.4% of the monthly PM_2.5 concentrations and 38.5% of polluted days. Furthermore, the change in meteorological conditions such as weakened winds and stable weather conditions led to the accumulation of air pollutants in Wuhan after the long-range transport. The contribution from Wuhan and surrounding cities to the PM_2.5 concentrations was determined to be 67.4% during this period. Under the complex regional transport of pollutants from surrounding cities, the NCP, East China, and South China, the five episodes resulted in 30 haze days in Wuhan. The findings reveal important roles played by transregional and intercity transport in haze formation in Wuhan.  相似文献   

2015年冬季湖北省PM2.5重污染传输特征及影响天气系统的数值模拟     

祁海霞  崔春光  赵天良  白永清  刘琳 《气象》2019,45(8):1113-1122

为了研究湖北省两种污染来源的重污染天气特征及其形成机制,采用WRF/Chem零排放情景模拟方案,将2015年冬季湖北省PM2.5模拟浓度分离为外源传输量和本地累积量,基于对数值模拟结果的统计分析,确定了湖北省污染传输通道和外源传输贡献率,研究了敏感区天气系统对两种污染来源的影响作用。结果表明,外源污染物输送在湖北省内有两条主要通道,一是由南襄盆地夹道直接输送汇入江汉平原,二是沿京广线从信阳到随州、孝感、武汉至江汉平原。湖北长距离跨区域传输的潜在污染源区为河南、安徽、江苏、山东等地。2015年冬季湖北省17个地（市）平均外源贡献率为42%,而对于重污染过程,平均外源贡献率高达66%,外来源输送对湖北重污染过程贡献非常显著。对外源传输型,我国东南地区为主要敏感区,气压（气温）变化与PM2.5输送显著负（正）相关,对维持南、北两支矢量带（PM2.5输送与风场相关）,推动偏南和偏东气流起到积极作用。此外,伊朗高原天气系统通过上下游效应对东亚地区大气环流起到一定影响,从而也间接影响了区域污染输送。对本地累积型,冬季风环流系统为主要影响天气系统,在弱的冬季风环流形势下,蒙古高压系统偏弱、西太平洋地区海平面气压值偏高,对应湖北本地累积污染总量贡献大。  相似文献   

省级区域站数据直传监控系统设计与实现     

杨立苑  胡佳军  邓卫华  周雪莹  刘喆玥 《气象科技》2019,47(5):773-779

全国省级区域站数据传输业务流程逐步由市级转发省级调整为直传省级,省级区域站中心站成为数据传输的枢纽。区域站数据传输业务的调整给省、市、县3级区域站运维保障工作带来了一定的挑战。为了应对统一管理难、监视难、故障诊断难的挑战,本文设计并实现了一种省级区域站数据直传监控系统。该系统依托CIMISS系统和省级区域站中心站,基于Django框架实现了CIMISS CTS环节、省级区域站中心站环节、区域站报文来源环节、区域站电池环节的监视和展示,以及区域站报文历史传输情况的展示和故障诊断。该系统已经投入业务应用,进一步提高了全省区域站数据传输业务的运维保障能力。  相似文献   

张集煤矿地面区域治理水平分支孔钻效分析及提速对策          下载免费PDF全文

张凯  李七明  王永全 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):181-186

地面区域治理技术在淮南矿区水害治理上效果显著,对目的层进行水害治理是矿井采掘工作面生产推进的前提。水平分支孔快速施工是区域治理技术实施的关键,本文通过对张集煤矿区域治理水平分支孔综合钻效、生产钻效、纯钻进效率、剔除低效钻进效率4种钻效指标进行统计分析,得出工艺技术水平、生产管理水平、组织管理水平对钻效的影响,并提出提高钻效的对策。  相似文献   

云南景谷M6.6地震前重力场变化的区域性特征     

孙少安  郝洪涛  韦进 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(4):613-615

利用国家重力网和云南省区域重力网获得的高精度重力观测资料,研究2014-10-07云南景谷M6.6地震前区域重力场的演变过程。结果表明,滇西南区域重力场变化幅度大、速度快、升降转换周期短,揭示出在复杂构造环境和反复增强的应力场条件下,地震能量快速积累和释放的区域性特征。  相似文献   

琼东南盆地井震地层对比分析及区域地层格架的建立   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

陈宏言  孙志鹏  翟世奎  刘新宇  刘晓锋  罗威  修淳 《海洋学报》2015,37(5):1-14

琼东南盆地历经断陷、断坳、裂后热沉降和裂后加速沉降等一系列的构造变动,沉积环境由始新世的滨海环境发展为现今的深水环境,形成了一套包括滨岸沉积、滨浅海沉积、陆架和陆坡沉积、以及半深海沉积的地层组合,具有良好的油气资源的生储盖条件,已成为当前油气资源勘探开发的重点区域。本文首先对盆地区域内钻井和地震剖面进行了主要地层界面(T20、T30、T40、T50、T60和T70)的识别和提取(点),继而结合连井地震剖面(线)和盆地区域过井地震剖面(面)对主要地层界面做了追踪对比分析,再依据古生物年代,建立了适用于琼东南盆地的区域地层年代格架。在琼东南盆地浅水区主要沉积了新近系地层(T60-T20),断裂基本不发育,地层厚度变化不大,极少有明显的上超和削截,局部地区发育有利于油气储集的三角洲沉积体系,表明琼东南盆地新近纪时期受构造作用影响较小。在深水区,新近系地层(T60-T20)和浅水区特征相似,仅反射特征有所不同;古近系地层(T100-T60)内部层序结构主要为楔状或近平行状,具有明显的上超和削截,地层厚度较大,断裂明显并导致地层错断,表明琼东南盆地深水区在古近纪时期主要受构造作用控制,并伴随着强烈的拉张和快速沉降作用,沉积环境主要为浅海。在近东西向的中央峡谷内存在有三期砂体:第一期砂体(井深3 528~3 336m,厚约192m)形成于距今11.6~5.5Ma(T40-T30),分布范围跨越中央峡谷的陵水-松南-宝岛段,沉积物构成包括浊积水道沉积、浊积席状砂、块体流沉积、深海泥质沉积、天然堤及漫溢沉积等;第二期砂体(井深4 100~3 900m,厚约200m)形成于距今5.5~4.2Ma(T30-T29),分布范围跨越中央峡谷的乐东-陵水段,以重力流沉积为主;第三期砂体(深度3 630~3 400m,厚约230m)发育于距今4.2~3.6Ma(T29-T28),分布于峡谷的乐东-莺东段,以浊积水道沉积为主。三期砂体在琼东南盆地中央坳陷带自东向西、由老到新依次展布,构成了良好的油气储层体。  相似文献   

Projected Climate Change in the Northwestern Arid Regions of China: An Ensemble of Regional Climate Model Simulations          下载免费PDF全文

YU En-Tao  XIANG Wei-Ling 《大气和海洋科学快报》2015,8(3):134-142

The projected temperature and precipitationchange under different emissions scenarios using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models over the northwestern arid regions of China(NWAC) were analyzed using the ensemble of three high-resolution dynamical downscaling simulations: the simulation of the Regional Climate Model version 4.0(Reg CM4) forced by the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 1.1(BCC_CSM1.1); the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 3 regional climate model(Had GEM3-RA) forced by the Atmosphere-Ocean coupled Had GEM version 2(Had GEM2-AO); and the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model forced by the Norwegian community Earth System Model(Nor ESM1-M). Model validation indicated that the multimodel simulations reproduce the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature and precipitation well. The temperature is projected to increase over NWAC under both the 4.5 and 8.5 Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively) in the middle of the 21 st century, but the warming trend is larger under the RCP8.5 scenario. Precipitation shows a significant increasing trend in spring and winter under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5; but in summer, precipitation is projected to decrease in the Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin. The regional averaged temperature and precipitation show increasing trends in the future over NWAC; meanwhile, the large variability of the winter mean temperature and precipitation may induce more extreme cold events and intense snowfall events in these regions in the future.  相似文献   

Experimental culture of non-indigenous Juncus bufonius from King George Island,South Shetland Island,Antarctica     

Marely Cuba-Díaz  Eduardo Fuentes  Mauricio Rondanelli-Reyes  ángela Machuca 《极地研究(英文版)》2015,(1)

Juncus bufonius L. (Juncaceae) is recognized by the US Department of Agriculture as a weed or invasive plant. Recently, we reported on J. bufonius L. var. bufonius associated with the native vascular p...  相似文献   

高精度GPS监测小范围区域沉降的分析     

张拯  张献州  刘龙  黄惠峰 《测绘工程》2015,(8):44-48

在介绍GPS高程测量原理的基础上,分析大地高与正常高之间的转换关系,以某隧道12期GPS大地高与精密水准测量数据为例,进行对比研究,验证了两种方法的实际精度。结果表明,GPS应用于区域沉降监测完全可以像精密水准测量一样高精度地反应监测点的沉降值,其结果精确、可靠。  相似文献   

多星座参考站接收机钟差的估计方法研究     

汪登辉  潘树国  高成发  王胜利 《测绘科学》2015,40(3):16-20

多星座数据融合处理时,由于接收机钟差和信号传播延迟的影响,导致信号发射时刻的卫星位置不能精确求定。在定位解算里,可以通过星间差分消除与光速有关的接收机钟差影响,然而与卫星径向速度有关的接收机钟差项却得不到消除。该文详细分析了多星座接收机不同钟差值的产生原因,推导了卫星径向速度对站星距的影响,提出了一种针对多星座的单基准站接收机钟差估计方法,通过统一修正各星座卫星位置,有效消除了与卫星速度有关的接收机钟差项的误差,并且适用于存在1ms时钟跳跃的接收机,实现多星座融合的高精度定位。  相似文献