渭河盆地水溶性天然气层类型研究     

张雪  刘建朝  李荣西  王行运  翁凯 《地质力学学报》2014,20(2):114-122

选择位于不同构造单位,不同完井深度的地热水井为载体,利用排水取气法采集水溶气样品,分析其组分特征、平面及纵向分布特征,并进行水溶气类型划分。研究表明,渭河盆地水溶气中最具有工业价值的组分为甲烷和氦,最高含量分为98.37%和4.14%;碳同位素分析结果显示,水溶气中的甲烷成因类型多样,既有无机成因气,也存在有机成因气,有机成因气中从未成熟的生物气到过成熟的裂解气均有所出现;氦同位素分析结果表明水溶气中的氦以壳源氦为主。通过系统研究水溶气的分类方案,结合渭河盆地水溶气成分、成因及分布特点,采用类比、对比等方法,初步判定富氦水溶气的赋存层位,改进前人按深度分类的方案,建议以地层（张家坡组）为界将渭河盆地水溶气分为浅层可燃水溶气和深层富氦水溶气两类。   相似文献   

黄河中游多沙粗沙区（渭河段）土地利用对植被盖度的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨胜天  周旭  刘晓燕  刘昌明  罗娅  吴琳娜  赵海根 《地理学报》2014,69(1):31-41

针对黄河中游多沙粗沙区植被变化及其影响因素研究薄弱环节,利用MSS、TM和环境星CCD等多源遥感数据,运用相邻图幅递进回归分析消除时相差异后反演植被盖度,人机交互式解译土地利用,研究黄河中游多沙粗沙区（渭河段） 1978-2010 年间3 个时期土地利用对植被盖度的影响。结果表明：（1） 研究区内植被盖度已显著恢复,植被变化有较强的波动性和异质性;（2） 土地利用已发生明显变化,土地利用变化有较强的时空分异特征;（3） 土地利用转型和渐变均有利于促进植被盖度恢复,但土地利用转型对植被恢复的贡献更突出;（4） 土地利用对植被盖度的影响有一定的复杂性和差异性,区域植被持续恢复迫切需要有针对性的土地利用转型与生态系统优化策略。  相似文献   

一种面向水质监测的地球空间传感器网络架构     

贺金鑫  Jonathan Li  闫浩文 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(4):1262-1266

地球空间传感器网络将无线传感器网络与地理信息系统、全球定位系统、卫星遥感等技术进行了有效的交叉与融合,但目前仍缺乏统一的体系结构;因此,提出了一种面向水质监测的地球空间传感器网络架构,重点内容是其中数据管理子系统的软件设计与具体实现。考虑到监测数据具有分布式、多源、异构等特点,因而数据管理子系统的设计是基于面向服务的软件体系架构（SOA）,采用富互联网应用（RIA）技术作为主要的软件开发方式,使整个系统具有自动刷新、负载平衡等特点。通过在加拿大安大略省的具体应用,与传统的各种水质监测手段进行对比,该架构具有监测内容更全面、数据显示更直观等优势。  相似文献   

Calcium Isotope Ratio (δ44/40Ca) Measurements of Ca‐Dominated Minerals and Rocks without Column Chemistry Using the Double‐Spike Technique and Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry     

Fang Liu  Xin Li  Ya J. An  Jie Li  Zhao F. Zhang 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2019,43(3):509-517

In this study, to evaluate whether bias free Ca isotope ratios can be properly achieved by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) using the ⁴²Ca–⁴³Ca double‐spike technique without chemical purification, a series of comparable experiments (with or without column chemistry) were made on Ca‐dominated minerals and rocks. Minerals, including fluorite, calcite, titanite and apatite, displayed similar Ca isotope ratios with Δ^44/40Ca_{with‐without} ranging from ?0.02 to +0.07‰. For Ca‐rich rocks, we mainly focused on the carbonates since they are the main repositories of Ca at the surface of the Earth. Coral, stalagmite, carbonatite, dolomite, marble and limestone are studied here. Interestingly, δ^44/40Ca_{SRM 915a} of these minerals and rocks without chemical purification displayed little drift compared with that of rocks with chemical purification, with Δ^44/40Ca_{with‐without} merely spanning from ?0.04 to +0.04‰. This implies that Ca isotope ratios can be achieved without column chemistry, possibly due to a property of TIMS in which Ca ions are only ionised at a target temperature and with a specific activator without ionising other ions. Therefore, for Ca‐dominated minerals or rocks, we suggest that column chemistry is unnecessary if they are totally dissolved and mixed in proper proportion with the ⁴²Ca–⁴³Ca double spike for TIMS measurement.  相似文献   

新疆库车盆地富钾盐泉水化学特征与成钾显示     

山俊杰  王明祥  李建森  山发寿  樊启顺  魏海成  秦占杰  袁秦  张湘如  李庆宽 《地质学报》2019,93(5):1180-1188

库车盆地古近系—新近系发育一套巨厚的膏岩盐层,钻探勘查显示,在拜城凹陷南缘5100 m深古近系库姆格列木群地层中发现钾石盐矿物。本研究采集并分析了多件盐泉水化学组成,结果显示7件盐泉水矿化度在117.7～299.4 g/L之间,钾含量在15.25～45.68 g/L之间,明显富钾,是以往报道数据(低于1 g/L)的几十倍,属于新疆首次发现。根据水化学分类,富钾盐泉水以氯化物型水为主,是Ca-Cl型卤泉水;水化学特征系数表明泉水具有高K×10~3/Cl和nK/nBr值、低的nMg/nCl和Br×10~3/Cl值(nCl~-=nNa~++nK~+)特征。同时,盐泉水均落在25℃Na~+, K~+,Mg~(2+)//Cl~-,SO■-H_2O五元水盐体系钾石盐相区,说明盐泉水可能溶滤了地层中的钾石盐,且受强烈构造挤压,沿地层断裂带或裂隙通道出露地表。库车盆地富钾盐泉水的发现,是新疆库车盆地含盐系地层存在固体钾盐的初步证据,对钾盐勘查的重点远景区具有重要的指示意义。  相似文献   

Debris entrainment by basal freeze‐on and thrusting during the 1995–1998 surge of Kuannersuit Glacier on Disko Island,west Greenland     

Nicolaj K. Larsen  Christian Kronborg  Jacob C. Yde  Niels Tvis Knudsen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(5):561-574

Kuannersuit Glacier, a valley glacier on Disko Island in west Greenland, experienced a major surge from 1995 to 1998 where the glacier advanced 10·5 km and produced a ～65 m thick stacked sequence of debris‐rich basal ice and meteoric glacier ice. The aim of this study is to describe the tectonic evolution of large englacial thrusts and the processes of basal ice formation using a multiproxy approach including structural glaciology, stable isotope composition (δ¹⁸O and δD), sedimentology and ground‐penetrating radar. We argue that the major debris layers that can be traced in the terminal zone represent englacial thrusts that were formed early during the surge. Thrust overthrow was at least 200–300 m and this lead to a 30 m thick repetition of basal ice at the ice margin. It is assumed that the englacial thrusting was initiated at the transition between warm ice from the interior and the cold snout. The basal debris‐rich ice was mainly formed after the thrusting phase. Two sub‐facies of stratified basal ice have been identified; a lower massive ice facies (S_M) composed of frozen diamict enriched with heavy stable isotopes overlain by laminated ice facies (S_L) consisting of millimetre thick lamina of alternating debris‐poor and debris‐rich ice. We interpret the stratified basal ice as a continuum formed mainly by freeze‐on processes and localized regelation. First laminated basal ice is formed and as meltwater is depleted more sediment is entrained and finally the glacier freezes to the base and massive diamict is frozen‐on. The increased ability to entrain sediments may partly be associated with higher basal freezing rates enhanced by loss of frictional heat from cessation of fast flow and conductive cooling through a thin heavily crevassed ice during the final phase of the glacier surge. The dispersed basal ice facies (D) was mainly formed by secondary processes where fine‐grained sediment is mobilized in the vein system of ice. Our results have important implications for understanding the significance of basal ice formation and englacial thrusting beneath fast‐flowing glaciers and it provides new information about the development of landforms during a glacier surge. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Organic material accumulation of Carnian mudstones in the North Qiangtang Depression,eastern Tethys: Controlled by the paleoclimate,paleoenvironment, and provenance     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Late Triassic mudstones are considered to be the most significant hydrocarbon source rocks (TOC: 0.54%–3.29%) in the North Qiangtang Depression, eastern Tethys. Here, we present geochemical data from the Woruo Mountain Carnian mudstones, in order to investigate their paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, and provenance and to analyze the mechanism of organic material accumulation. The paleoclimate condition was warm and humid during the Carnian mudstones deposition, as indicated by moderate chemical index of alteration (CIA; 73–76), which may be connected with the Late Triassic Carnian stage global climate event in the Tethys. The low U/Th (0.17–0.25) and C_org/P_tot (7–33) ratio values and moderate manganese contents, reflect the oxidizing conditions during the Carnian mudstones deposition. The relatively high primary productivity in this study is supported by the relatively high P concentrations. The Al₂O₃–(CaO* + Na₂O)–K₂O ternary plot and Th/Sc–Zr/Sc crossplot reflect that the source areas have undergone a medium chemical weathering with weak sedimentary recycling. The TiO₂–Zr, Co/Th–La/Sc, La/Th–Hf, and La/Yb–∑REE bivariate diagrams indicate that the provenance of Carnian mudstones was primarily from felsic igneous rocks. The collision setting has been identified based on the multi-major elements discriminate plots in the present study. The Riwanchaka and Mayigangri masses to the southwest and south of the study area consisting mainly of Middle-Triassic granodiorite and Late-Triassic granite are likely responsible for supplying provenance to the Woruo Mountain Carnian mudstones, which have similar REE patterns. The relatively high TOC contents of Carnian mudstones are related to high paleoproductivity and fast sedimentation rates, which will lead to preservation of some organic matter even when bottom waters are completely oxidizing. The detrital input during the Carnian mudstones deposition would result in dilution of organic matter.  相似文献   

滇西马厂箐斑岩型铜钼(金)矿床成岩成矿时代研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

和文言  莫宣学  喻学惠  李勇  黄行凯  和中华 《地学前缘》2011,18(1):207-215

滇西马厂箐铜钼(金)矿床是金沙江-哀牢山构造带与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩有关的典型斑岩型矿床之一。富碱斑岩侵入体为多期、多阶段岩浆活动形成的复式岩体,已有的研究资料表明岩浆活动时限在64～29 Ma。文中提供的锆石LA ICP MS U Pb和辉钼矿Re Os同位素年代学研究资料显示,马厂箐含矿岩体锆石U Pb年龄(封闭温度约800 ℃时)为(3793±082) Ma,代表了富碱斑岩的成岩年龄;辉钼矿的Re Os年龄(封闭温度约500 ℃)为(3472±05) Ma,代表成矿时代。该研究结果与前人确定的晚期富碱斑岩岩浆活动的时间(32 Ma)相近,也与前人获得的蚀变黑云母K Ar定年(封闭温度300 ℃)结果(351±08) Ma相近,因此可以认为成矿作用与岩体快速冷却过程中发生成矿流体大量分离和出溶有关。成岩作用与成矿作用的时间跨度大约为2 Ma。因此,金沙江-哀牢山多金属成矿带的斑岩型铜钼矿床是与富碱斑岩成岩作用近同期成矿作用的产物,成矿作用时限集中在40~35 Ma左右。  相似文献   

含水对富铁橄榄石流变性的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

赵永红  施旭 M. Zimmerman D. L. Kohlstedt 《岩石学报》2006,22(9):2381-2386

橄榄石是下地壳上地幔最丰富的造岩矿物,橄榄石集合体的高温高压流变性对地幔动力学过程有着很大的影响。以往对橄榄石单晶和集合体进行过的流变性实验研究,涉及了温度、压力、氧逸度、含铁量以及含水等因素的影响,本文研究了含水对富铁橄榄石集合体流变性能的影响,首先,利用高精度 Paterson 气体介质变形装置对含水富铁橄榄石集合体(Mg_(0.9),Fe_(0.1))_2SiO_4、(Mg_(0.7),Fe_(0.3))_2SiO_4和(Mg_(0.5),Fe_(0.5))_2SiO_4进行了高温三轴压缩蠕变试验,变形试验条件为:温度1323～1473K,围压300MPa,差应力10～300MPa,应变率10~(-7)～10~(-4)s~(-1),每个试件的最大变形量为20%。利用三维非线性拟合方法对蠕变试验数据进行分析,结果表明,含水富铁橄榄石集合体的微观变形机制为扩散域和位错域,对三种铁含量,扩散域的应力指数为1。位错蠕变域中,Fo_(50)应力指教为3.8,活化能为444kJ/mol;Fo_(70)应力指数为3.7,活化能为479kJ/mol,Fo_(90)应力指数为3.6,活化能为514kJ/mol。将实验结果与不含水富铁橄榄石集合体的强度进行对比,发现含水使富铁橄榄石的强度明显下降,舍铁量相同时,含水橄榄石集合体的流变强度比干燥时小至少一个数量级。从而得到了含水对含铁量不同的橄榄石集合体粘性(强度)影响的初步试验结果。  相似文献   

Sub-sampling unconsolidated sediments: A solution for the preparation of undistrubed thin-sections from clay‐rich sediments     

Pierre Francus  Celese A. Cosby 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,26(3):323-326

Using the principles of electroosmosis, a subsampling technique for clay-rich sediments is introduced that produces undisturbed thinsections from sediment cores. The fragile sample remains in the same disposable box throughout the process, preventing collapse of its structure during subsampling, manipulation and impregnation, as well as other potential problems.  相似文献