青海麦秀山滑坡形成机理分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

戚宗轲 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2007,18(3):6-10

文章从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、水文气象条件等方面,对青海麦秀山滑坡的产生机理进行分析,重点阐明地质构造对地质灾害的控制作用。3个滑坡形成的基本机理:滑坡均在断层带,所处地层岩体均因受构造作用,节理裂隙发育,岩体多呈破碎状,风化强烈,表层泥质砂砾岩已全风化成土状,加之岩体破碎,裂隙发育,地表水、地下水补给充分,加速了岩石的风化、泥化,长期在丰富饱和的地下水的浸泡下形成可塑、软塑泥状物,其滑动带主要依附于硬塑-软塑的过渡层,滑床为较硬的砂砾岩。由此建议,对修建山区公路时所遇到的舒缓坡地,应慎重判识是否存在滑坡灾害,并采用合理的绕避或工程措施,将地质灾害在公路建设中产生的损失及不良影响降到最低点。  相似文献   

Numerical analysis for random temperature fields of embankment in cold regions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LIU ZhiQiang    LAI YuanMing  ZHANG MingYi & ZHANG XueFu State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering  Cold  Arid Regions Environmental  Engineering Research Institute  Chi- nese Academy of Sciences  Lanzhou  China  School of Civil Engineering  Lanzhou Jiao Tong University  Lanzhou  China  Chongqing Jiao Tong University  Chongqing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(3):404-410

The stochastic finite element equations for random temperature are obtained using the first-order per-turbation technique taking into account the random thermal properties and boundary condition, based on heat transfer variational principle. The local average method for 2-D is used to discretize random fields. Then, the random temperature fields of embankment in cold regions are investigated on condi-tion that the thermal properties and boundary condition are taken as random fields, respectively, by using the program, which is written by the methods. The expected value of temperature field and the standard deviation of the temperature field of embankment in cold regions are obtained and analyzed.  相似文献   

道路数据缩编更新的自动综合方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈军  胡云岗  赵仁亮  李志林 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(11):1022-1027

缩编更新是当前GIS多尺度数据库更新的重要技术途径之一。针对我国国家1∶5万数据库更新工程的实际需求,研究分析了用较大比例尺新道路数据缩编更新较小比例尺道路数据的总体思路,提出了基于网眼密度的道路选取和顾及层次分析的道路匹配方法,实现了道路数据缩编更新的自动综合处理,并在1∶5万数据更新实践中进行了实验验证。  相似文献   

川藏公路“102”滑坡群的基本特征     

张晓刚  王成华  孔纪名  朱平一 《山地学报》1998,(2)

“102”滑坡群位于川藏公路西藏波密县境内的通麦“102”地段.该地段滑坡成群分布,在约3km长的范围内,共有大小滑坡22处,其中直接危害川藏公路且规模较大的滑坡有6处.  相似文献   

Assessing damaged road verges as a suspended sediment source in the Hampshire Avon catchment,southern United Kingdom     

A. L. Collins  D. E. Walling  R. W. Stroud  M. Robson  L. M. Peet 《水文研究》2010,24(9):1106-1122

Diffuse sediment pollution impairs water quality, exerts a key control on the transfer and fate of nutrients and contaminants and causes deleterious impacts on freshwater ecology. A variety of catchment sediment sources can contribute to such problems. Sediment control strategies and effective targeting of mitigation options therefore require robust quantitative information on the key sources of the sediment problem at catchment scale. Recent observations by Catchment Sensitive Farming Officers (CSFO's) in England have highlighted road verges damaged and eroded by passing vehicles, particularly large farm machinery, and livestock herd movement as visually important potential sources of local sediment problems. A study was therefore undertaken to assess the relative importance of damaged road verges as a suspended sediment source in three sub‐catchments of the Hampshire Avon drainage basin, southern UK. Road verge sediment contributions were apportioned in conjunction with those from agricultural topsoils and channel banks/subsurface sources. Time‐integrating isokinetic samplers were deployed to sample suspended sediment fluxes at the outlets of two control sub‐catchments drained by the Rivers Chitterne and Till selected to characterize areas with a low road network density and limited visual evidence of verge damage, as well as the River Sem sub‐catchment used to represent areas where road verge damage is more prevalent. The findings of a sediment source fingerprinting investigation based on a combination of intermittent sampling campaigns spanning the period 22/5/02–27/4/08 suggested that the respective overall mean relative sediment contributions from damaged road verges were 5 ± 3%, 4 ± 2% and 20 ± 2%. Relative inputs from damaged road verges for any specific sampling period in the River Sem sub‐catchment were as high as 33 ± 2%. Reconstruction of historical sources in the same sub‐catchment, based on the geochemical record stored in a floodplain depth profile, suggested that the significance of damaged road verges as a sediment source has increased over the past 15–20 years. The findings provide important information on damaged road verges as a primary source of suspended sediment and imply that catchment sediment control strategies and mitigation plans should consider such verges in addition to those agricultural and channel sources traditionally taken into account when attempting to reduce sediment pressures on aquatic resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Impact of road‐generated storm runoff on a small catchment response     

Daniel W. Woldie  Roy C. Sidle  Takashi Gomi 《水文研究》2009,23(25):3631-3638

The impact of road‐generated runoff on the hydrological response of a zero‐order basin was monitored for a sequence of 24 storm events. The study was conducted in a zero‐order basin (C1; 0·5ha) with an unpaved mountain road; an adjacent unroaded zero‐order basin (C2; 0·2 ha) with similar topography and lithology was used to evaluate the hydrological behaviour of the affected zero‐order basin prior to construction of the road. The impact of the road at the zero‐order basin scale was highly dependent on the antecedent soil‐moisture conditions, total storm precipitation, and to some extent rainfall intensity. At the beginning of the monitoring period, during dry antecedent conditions, road runoff contributed 50% of the total runoff and 70% of the peak flow from the affected catchment (C1). The response from the unroaded catchment was almost insignificant during dry antecedent conditions. As soil moisture increased, the road exerted less influence on the total runoff from the roaded catchment. For very wet conditions, the influence of road‐generated runoff on total outflow from the roaded catchment diminished to only 5·4%. Both catchments, roaded and unroaded, produced equivalent amount of outflow during very wet antecedent conditions on a unit area basis. The lag time between the rainfall and runoff peaks observed in the unroaded catchment during the monitoring period ranged from 0 to 4 h depending on the amount of precipitation and antecedent conditions, owing mainly to much slower subsurface flow pathways in the unroaded zero‐order basin. In contrast, the lag time in the roaded zero‐order basin was virtually nil during all storms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effects of frictional forces acting on sidewalls of buried box culverts     

Junsuk Kang  Frazier Parker  Young J. Kang  Chai H. Yoo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(3):289-306

The effects of frictional forces acting on the sidewalls of buried box culverts are presented as determined with finite element method (FEM) and detailed soil modelling. The possibility of reducing earth pressure on deeply buried concrete box culverts by the imperfect trench installation (ITI) method has been contemplated during the last several decades. There have been limited research results published primarily regarding the qualitative aspect of load reduction in ITIs. It was found during the course of this study that significant frictional forces develop along the sidewalls of box culverts and adjacent sidefills in ITIs. Current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials provisions do not consider these frictional forces, but they cannot be neglected in ITIs, as their effect is dominant. An optimum geometry for the soft zone in ITIs is presented to maximize earth load reductions. The soil–structure interaction at the box culvert–soil interface was found to have a significant effect on total earth pressure acting on the bottom slab. Predictor equations for earth load reduction rates were formulated for ITIs incorporating the optimum soft zone geometry based on the FEM. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

道路收费站计重收费系统的设计与实现     

陈盈  陶宏才 《成都信息工程学院学报》2007,22(1):31-35

主要介绍了开发某道路收费站计重收费系统的方法和实现过程。系统采用SQL Server 2000作为数据库后台，实现计重收费数据和属性数据的统一管理，前台则是在，NET环境下利用C#编程实现，提供对收费站内相关信息的查询和编辑功能。  相似文献   

顾及几何特征和拓扑连续性的道路网匹配方法     

秦育罗  宋伟东  张在岩  孙小荣 《测绘通报》2021,(8):55-60

已有的道路网匹配方法需要一定的人为干预和控制,仍无法实现匹配自动化,而且对于具有一定尺度差异的数据而言,受不相关道路对象的影响,匹配结果中会存在较多的误匹配。为此,本文提出一种顾及几何特征和拓扑连续性的由粗匹配到精匹配的分层匹配策略。粗匹配阶段,利用短边中位数Hausdorff距离计算匹配对象的相似度,再以道路网弧段端点的近邻分析结果作为匹配阈值,判断匹配对象是否为同名实体;精匹配阶段,将粗匹配阶段评价结果中离散的同名实体构建为完整的道路Stroke,即以追踪的方式剔除误匹配和添加漏匹配。利用宿城区不同尺度的道路网对所提算法进行验证,结果表明,该算法具有较好的匹配效果,能够实现匹配自动化。  相似文献   

高精度矢量数据的路面三维自动建模方法     

李晓丽  刘如飞  汤玉兵  任红伟  柴永宁 《测绘通报》2021,(7):70-73

为了解决路面手工三维建模速度慢、工作量大等问题,本文面向规范化处理的高精度矢量数据,对不同路口进行精细化设计,自动生成路面三维模型。首先使用道路高精度三维信息采集软件,在获取的点云数据中半自动化提取准确的道路边线、道路标识线等矢量信息;然后针对不同路口进行精细化线形设计,提出连续四边形重建方法、弯道平滑处理方法、交叉口重建方法及路面标识线投射重建方法;最后对提取的高精度矢量数据进行规范化处理,在满足路面线形设计要求后,借助MAXScript脚本实现路面三维自动化建模。以车载移动测量系统获取的某段道路点云数据进行试验,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献