废弃海底管道拆除安全性指标体系构建与模糊评价     

郑亚男  郑西来  高增文  张玉香 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(1)

本文以中国埕岛油田某退役油区海底输油管道拆除工程为例,建立了海底管道拆除安全分级体系和模糊评价模型。通过现场调查和专家咨询,将管道拆除过程划分为4个阶段和11个工作步骤,并将各个步骤的安全性影响因素归纳为4个一级指标和15个二级指标。在此基础上,采用层次分析法计算各级评价指标的模糊评价权重,并依据加权平均原则分别对各级评价指标进行模糊综合评价。结果表明,在各一级指标的评价等级中,海底管道拆除的技术方案与设备选择和管道状况对拆除安全产生的影响最大,具有较高的危险隐患。该工程整体安全性级数为临界安全。  相似文献   

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孟庆筱  王太松  韩勇  胡国新  吕健  郭宝震  李伟亮 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(4):9-16

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Multilateralism in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore     

《Marine Policy》2014

This paper analyzes International Maritime Organization (IMO) involvement in maritime cooperation regime in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore through multilateralism. It begins by introducing the maritime cooperation regime prior to 2001, which was mainly trilateral in nature through Tripartite Technical Expert Group on the Safety of Navigation (TTEG). Although TTEG managed to increase the level of safety of navigation in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore through the implementation of the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) in 1981 and Mandatory Ship Reporting System (STRAITREP) in 1998, such cooperation was beset by financial strain and conflict of interests. Subsequently, there was a change in the cooperation regime after 9/11 incident. This paper identifies that the change was contributed by the IMO through a methodology called multilateralism. Three important principles were adopted by IMO in implementing multilateralism in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, namely generalized principles of conduct (respect for sovereignty and compliance with burden sharing principle under Article 43 of UNCLOS 1982), diffuse reciprocity, and indivisibility. This paper concludes that multilateralism by IMO has transformed trilateral cooperation into multilateral cooperation in the Straits of Malacca, combining state actors (littoral states and user states) and non-state actors (non-governmental organizations and international shipping industries).  相似文献   

结构面中粘土矿物及含水率变化对边坡稳定性影响的试验研究     

李红波 《岩土工程技术》2014,(1):20-23,28

以南京某边坡结构面中的滑带土为研究对象,定量分析不同的滑带土颗粒级配情况下,岩质边坡结构面中粘土矿物含量及含水率的变化对边坡稳定性影响机制及变化规律.随着粘土矿物的增加,安全系数值整体上呈现减小的趋势,安全系数在45％～55％之间时达到最低;随含水率的增加,安全系数值也呈下降的趋势.采用了粒子群算法对试验成果作以解析,结果显示,随着粘土矿物含量的增加,安全系数的变化为非线性,但始终表现出较好的相关性,其相关系数由小变大;安全系数值与含水率呈现出一种负相关的线性关系,且保持较高的相关性,相关系数在0.90以上,较符合一般的自然规律.  相似文献   

谈钻探项目施工管理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘治  李宁  刘长江 《探矿工程》2014,41(2):82-84

钻探生产远离人烟、通讯不便的生产环境一直干扰人们对其进行有效的生产管理。粗放式管理、管理意识不强、管理行为不规范等现象大量存在,造成了很多重大的安全、质量事故,产生了巨大的损失。结合钻探项目生产,以项目管理理论为基础,对其进行理论分析,以探索一套适合我国地质勘探行业野外工程施工的管理模式与方法。  相似文献   

深水油气浅层钻井的“三浅”地质灾害          下载免费PDF全文

吴时国  谢杨冰  秦芹  李清平 《探矿工程》2014,41(9):38-42

深水浅层钻井过程中可能遇到浅水流、浅层气以及天然气水合物层分解等3种浅层地质灾害（简称＂三浅＂）。要规避这些风险,必须需要开展浅水流、浅层气和天然气水合物成因机理、识别特征及工程危害等方面的研究。国外利用地球物理识别技术和数值模拟方法,结合深水油气钻井测井开展了这方面的研究,在＂三浅＂地质灾害的形成机理和控制因素方面取得了较为重要的研究进展。目前国内学者利用地球物理方法在南海北部深水区LW3-1大气田的周围发现了超压系统、浅层气和天然气水合物。深水水道砂体的发现也推断南海北部深水区具有＂三浅＂地质灾害发育的地质条件。随着深水油气勘探开发的不断深入,评估和预测南海北部深水钻井的＂三浅＂地质灾害十分迫切。  相似文献   

地理学视角下旅游安全事故成因研究     

刘逸  李源  纪捷韩 《世界地理研究》2022,31(2):236-248

学界对旅游安全事故成因的分析主要借鉴安全管理学,旅游活动的地理时空特殊性未受到充分重视,已有相关研究偏宏观定量测度,深度案例研究较少。从旅游场地特征、惯常非足迹环境和流动性三个因素入手,对2009—2019年共84起赴泰游客安全事故进行时空场景特征解析,为旅游安全事故防控提供了来自地理学的补充解释。研究发现：第一,旅游安全事故的类型与危害程度受到目的地客观地理环境特征的高度影响,而并非是单纯的管理问题。泰国夏季多暴雨的气候特征与多山地的地形特征显著影响了涉水旅游活动以及水陆交通活动,导致船艇交通事故、山区车祸与沙滩溺亡事故高发。第二,旅游目的地中存在的惯常非足迹环境场所容易触发安全事故,如：公路、沙滩泳场、酒店、便利店等。由于中泰社会与文化差异较大,惯常非足迹环境容易导致游客产生风险认知偏差,进而提高了行为决策的出错率,从而增加了安全风险。第三,空间流动性越高的场所,安全事故发生的概率越高,如交通道路和海域航线等地。本文的贡献在于揭示了地理环境复杂性对旅游安全管理与主体风险认知偏差的影响。  相似文献   

基于北斗二代系统的移动智能安全监管系统设计与实现     

张庆全  周源  余迎  刘恒飞 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(10):120-122

针对测绘外业作业环境恶劣、安全风险较高等现状,结合外业车辆和人员安全监管工作的实际需要,提出了一种基于北斗二代系统的移动智能安全监管系统,文中给出了系统的设计思路、系统的架构设计,并介绍了系统的关键技术。系统通过北斗二代终端设备实现在Android智能手机上对车辆和人员进行实时监管,建立了按院管车、以车管人的外业生产安全监管机制,实现了车辆与人员管理的实时化、可控化、智能化,为人财物的安全管理提供了行之有效的科技支撑手段。  相似文献   

基于GIS的进口食品安全追溯系统设计与实现     

陈德权 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(5):107-109

基于现有的福建省地理信息公共服务平台结合WebGIS相关技术,设计实现了福建省检验检疫进口食品安全追溯系统。实现了食品安全信息与GIS信息的快速关联,使得进口食品监管更加直观,为科学决策提供依据。  相似文献   

The influence of water retention curve hysteresis on the stability of unsaturated soil slopes     

Kuo‐Chen Ma  Yih‐Chi Tan  Chu‐Hui Chen 《水文研究》2011,25(23):3563-3574

Hysteresis is a common feature exhibited in hydraulic properties of an unsaturated soil. The movement of wetting front and the hysteresis effect are important factors which impact the shear strength of the unsaturated soil and the mechanics of shallow landslides. These failures are mainly triggered by the deepening of the wetting front accompanied by a decrease in matric suction induced by infiltration. This research establishes a method for determining a stability analysis of unsaturated infinite soil slopes, integrating the influence of infiltration and the water retention curve hysteresis. Furthermore, the present stability analysis method including the infiltration model and the advanced Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion calculates the variations of the safety factor (FS) in accordance with different slope angle, depth and hydrological processes. The experimentally measured data on the effect of hysteresis are also carried out for comparison. Numerical analyses, employing both wetting and drying hydraulic behaviour of unsaturated soil, are performed to study the difference in soil‐water content as observed in the experiments. The simulating approximations also fully responded to the experimental data of sand box. The results suggest that the hysteresis behaviour affect the distribution of soil‐water content within the slope indeed. The hysteresis made the FS values a remarkable recovery during the period of non‐rainfall in a rainfall event. The appropriate hydraulic properties of soil (i.e. wetting or drying) should be used in accordance with the processes that unsaturated soil actually experience. This method will enable us to acquire more accurate matric suction head and the unsaturated soil‐shear strength as it changes with the hysteretic flow, in order to calculate into the stability analysis of shallow landslides. An advanced understanding of the process mechanism afforded by this method is critical to realizing a reliable and appropriate design for slope stabilization. It also offers some immediate reference information to the disaster reduction department of the government. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献