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1.
海底管道出露悬空环境风险的定量评价研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海底管道是海洋油气输送的主要方式,其运行状况直接关系到海上油气田的安全和海洋生态环境的质量。本文先以海底管道出露悬空作为故障树的顶事件,分析出海洋环境中各项基本事件,构建针对海洋环境的海底管道故障树模型;再以灰色模糊识别为理论基础,量化对海底管道安全有影响的海洋环境因素,并以层次分析法对每个风险因素进行分级赋权,确定评价指标范围和权重,进而构建海洋环境条件的海底管道风险评价体系。利用该体系对平湖油气田海底管道4个区段进行环境风险评价,避免了将整段管道一同评价导致的信息均等化,评价结果不能真实反映风险等级高的区段的情况;评价结果与管道2014~2016年现场检测数据对比,两者均显示P2分区中海底管道的风险等级较高,说明了该模型具有一定的合理性和实用性。 相似文献
2.
海底管道路由选择与海底管道建设、运营以及后期管理等工作存在密切联系,对管道工程经济性、安全性和合理性有着重要意义。考虑影响海底管道路由选择的自然与社会环境因素,构建了量化的评价体系,以AHP层次分析方法作为数学依据确定评价权重,建立了标准化的路由选择评判模型。进一步,将该模型与GIS空间分析技术相结合,生成以地图可视化方式表现的海底管道最佳路由选择方案。最后,通过工程案例演算,验证了方法的可行性。分析表明AHP方法与GIS技术相结合,实现了评价依据的定量化和评价结果的可视化,可以为海底管道路由选择研究提供参考。 相似文献
3.
基于海洋灾害地质评价基础上的我国近海海底稳定性区划 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过对我国近海灾害地质类型的分析、评价进而进行海底稳定性区划研究,旨在反映近海地质环境对人类工程活动的适宜程度。文中提出了海底稳定性评价的概念,构建了以地震动、工程地质、地貌、直接型灾害地质类型和限制型灾害地质类型为主要评价指标的海底稳定性评价指标体系,并利用层次分析法确定了各评价指标权重值;将我国近海海底划分为6′×6′的网格单元,并以近海海底灾害地质图、地震动峰值加速度区划图和地貌图等矢量化图层为数据源,建立了模糊评价模型并对近海海底稳定性进行了定量评价。在此基础上将我国近海海底区域稳定性从稳定到不稳定划分为五级。 相似文献
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通过分析研究区各类综合调查数据,识别地质灾害类型,编制海底灾害地质图;建立由地震烈度区划指标、海底灾害地质类指标、海底地貌类指标、海底沉积物类型指标组成的评价因素集,建立与评价因素集匹配的评语集。运用模糊信息化及贴近度分析等综合性方法获得评价因子对风险影响程度的隶属度值,以层次分析法确定评价因子间权重值。运用模糊数学原理构建模糊综合评价模型,以6′×6′为网格大小,对冲绳海槽中段及附近海域海底900个评价单元进行模糊综合运算及评价,并绘制了海底稳定性区划图。以期今后为该区资源的开发、防灾减灾等提供基础资料。 相似文献
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借鉴美国学者Muhlbauer提出的管道风险评分法,对渤海海底输油管道系统进行自然风险辨识,并根据渤海海域环境特征对自然环境影响指标评分标准进行了初步研究,形成适合渤海海底管道风险评价的评分标准体系,为渤海海底管道风险分析提供技术依据. 相似文献
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针对利用侧扫声纳检测海底管道时因其检测声影图像模糊而导致管道悬空高度检测误差过大的问题,提出了侧扫声纳声波掠射角优化设计的思路及方法。阐述了利用侧扫声纳对海底管道进行检测的工作原理,并利用海底管道和海底底质反向散射强度的计算公式探讨了声波在海底的反向散射强度、侧扫声纳声影图像的质量以及声波掠射角的取值这三者之间的关系对海底管道悬空高度h计算精度的影响,从理论上确定声波掠射角最佳取值范围的存在。通过工程实例的现场检测与比对试验,获得了在本试验所处海域环境中利用侧扫声纳检测海底管道时声波掠射角的最佳取值范围,对于类似的海底管道检测工程具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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海底滑坡作为常见的海洋地质灾害,对海洋油气工程安全产生巨大威胁。海床土体失稳引起滑坡体滑动,会对海底管道产生拖曳作用。基于计算流体动力学方法(CFD)建立海底滑坡体对管道作用的评估模型,采用H-B模型描述块状滑坡体并与试验比较验证,分析不同海床倾斜度滑坡对管道的作用并拟合表达式;研究了海底管道在滑坡作用下的力学响应,并采用极限状态方法开展海底滑坡作用下管道结构极限安全分析,探讨了管道埋地状态时的极限安全界限,建立滑坡作用下管道结构安全分析方法。研究表明:滑坡对管道作用力与海床倾角呈现正相关,而覆土层厚度对作用力影响较小;随着不排水抗剪强度的减小,允许的滑坡宽度和速度均增加,表明土体不排水抗剪强度与引起的拖曳力呈正相关;滑坡土体宽度对极限安全速度影响较大。 相似文献
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海底航道安全与海洋环境相关,随着海洋调查观测技术的进步,航道观测信息增多,有些信息往往难以定量,如何利用这些资料评估海底航道安全日益重要。本研究在综合分析连云港海底航道安全海洋环境主要影响因素的基础上,基于航道地形环境、航道地质环境、海洋动力环境、极端事件对航道安全的影响程度,建立了连云港海底航道安全海洋环境模糊综合评价模型,运用模糊综合评价法对航道安全海洋环境进行了定量评估,依据评价结果,连云港海底航道安全海洋环境定量评价为2.63,等级介于比较安全与一般危险之间,对航道海洋环境立体监测与安全评价体系建设具有实践意义。 相似文献
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海底管道完整性管理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海底管道完整性管理是指海底管道运营商持续地对管道潜在的风险因素进行识别和评价,并采取相应的风险控制对策,将管道运行的风险水平始终控制在合理和可接受的范围之内。管道完整性管理就是对影响管道完整性的各种潜在因素进行综合的、一体化的管理。目前,在我国,海底管道的完整性管理处于起步阶段,文中对当前海底管道完整性管理的基本理念、基本内容和基本技术等进行了研究。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
20.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献