Diel Changes in Vertical Distribution and Feeding Conditions of the Chaetognath Parasagitta elegans (Verill) in the Subarctic Pacific in Summer     

Sohey Matsuda  Akira Taniguchi 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(3):353-360

Diel changes in vertical distribution and feeding conditions of the chaetognath Parasagitta elegans (Verill) were observed in three regions of the subarctic North Pacific in the summer of 1997. Samples were collected by repeated vertical hauls with a Vertical Multiple Plankton Sampler (VMPS) for 15–45 hours by demarcating the 0–500 m water column into four sampling layers. Integrated abundance through the entire water column and the proportion of juveniles were higher in the Bering Sea than the western and eastern subarctic Pacific. Juveniles always inhabited the surface layer in the western subarctic Pacific and Bering Sea, but they inhabited the underlying layer in the eastern subarctic Pacific. Stages I–III concentrated into the upper 150 m in the western subarctic Pacific but were distributed widely from 20–300 m in the Bering Sea. Among them, Stages II and III migrated rather synchronously over a wide vertical range in the eastern subarctic Pacific. The feeding rate of P. elegans was calculated to be 0.18 prey/chaetognath/day in the western subarctic Pacific, 0.27 prey/chaetognath/day in the Bering Sea and 0.07 prey/chaetognath/day in the eastern subarctic Pacific.  相似文献   

Emergence Patterns of Small Subtidal Arthropods in Relation to Day/Night, Tidal, and Surface/Bottom Factors: Investigations in the Boreal Sea, Japan (Akkeshi, Hokkaido)     

Masayuki Saigusa  Kazushi Oishi  Akihiro Ikumoto  Hiroshi Iwasaki  Michihiro Terajima 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(3):295-310

The emergence of small arthropods was studied in the boreal sea, Japan (Akkeshi, Hokkaido). In the shallow subtidal zone, two impeller pumps were set in the surface and bottom waters. The pumps ran continuously for 25 days (22 August-16 September, 1998), and invertebrates were sampled using a nylon net (300 to 500 m in mesh size). The small arthropods collected with the net belonged to 16 orders comprising about 60 taxa. In the dominant 23 taxa, a two-way ANOVA was applied to determine whether there was any significant difference in abundance between day and night and between surface and bottom. While emergence of 15 taxa (65%) was significantly different with regard to the day/night factor, that of the other 8 taxa (35%) was not. As to the difference between the two depths, the distribution of 15 taxa (65%) was significantly different. Furthermore, in 25 taxa for which over 100 specimens were collected in each of the two depths of water, emergence patterns were examined with regard to the synchrony with day/night and tidal cycles. There were various nocturnal patterns, and the strength of the synchrony with the day/night cycle was different for each species or group. Within the same taxa, nocturnal patterns were more clearly manifested in the surface water than in the bottom water. A tidal rhythm of emergence was only seen in zoeas of shrimp. Variations of the emergence patterns of benthic crustaceans are accounted for by a hypothesis that the frequency of swimming during day versus at night is different in each species. On the other hand, the emergence patterns of some zooplankton reflect by the daily rhythm of vertical migration or dispersal in the water column.  相似文献   

长江南京段末次盛冰期以来的古河谷沉积   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曹光杰  王建  熊万英  张学勤 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(1):23-28

末次冰期盛冰期海平面大幅度下降,长江发育古深槽。根据沉积物的颗粒状况,南京段古河谷的充填可以分为3期明显的由粗到细的沉积韵律:末次盛冰期深切古河谷,河床窄陡,沉积物颗粒粗,为卵砾石到中砂、粗砂;冰后期河床较宽,沉积物为砾石、粗砂到中砂、细砂;全新世,河流进一步展宽,沉积物为粗砂、中砂到细砂、粉砂,细砂沉积厚度很大。全新世中期河床有数次左右摆动,两侧形成了细砂—砂质黏土互层的沉积。根据不同时期沉积物的颗粒级配情况,推算出各时期河流的起动流速和平均流速,验证不同时期的沉积环境,认为剖面的深切河槽是局部深切的结果。各期河床形态和沉积物的特征,反映了末次盛冰期、冰后期、全新世的气候变化和环境演变。  相似文献   

Can sandy beach molluscs show an endogenously controlled circatidal migrating behaviour? Hints from a swash rig experiment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thomas Vanagt  Magda Vincx  & Steven Degraer 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(S1):118-125

Many macrofaunal species inhabiting exposed sandy beaches are dependent on the swash for their nutrition and migration and are highly adapted to the harsh physical conditions of the swash. The most important physical factors that determine the distribution and behaviour of swash related fauna, next to the swash itself, are sediment grain size and beach slope. Crucial swash parameters are swash period and swash velocity. Studying the influence of these factors on the animals in the field is often very difficult and it is almost impossible to identify which factor causes what effect. Crucial knowledge about the direct role of the swash itself is lacking. Therefore, a device that generates swash waves on an artificial beach under laboratory conditions was designed: the swash rig. In the swash rig, full and independent control on sediment grain size, beach slope, swash velocity and swash period is present. This will allow us to do a variety of experiments on the influence of each of these factors, independently or combined, on swash fauna. In one such experiment, Olivella semistriata – a dominant surfing gastropod on Ecuadorian sandy beaches – was placed in the swash rig during rising and falling tide and subjected – under constant conditions – to an equal wave regime. During falling tide, and in absence of any tidal cue, almost all specimens moved downshore, as they would in the field; hardly any specimens moved upshore. During upcoming tide, however, there was noticeable upward migration in the swash rig, and half of the runs showed a net upward migration. Contrary to the common understanding that the behaviour of sandy beach molluscs is entirely environmentally driven, this experiment hints at the presence of an endogenous circatidal clock, which is used to direct the tidal migration of the species.  相似文献   

镁铁-超镁铁层状侵入体研究现状   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡素芳  周新华 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2001,20(1):52-57

本文主要探讨了镁铁 -超镁铁层状侵入体的一般特征及成因机制 ,并对世界上著名的斯开利戛德、布什维尔德、斯蒂尔沃特层状侵入体和我国攀西层状侵入体的岩石学和地球化学特征进行了总结和对比。  相似文献   

河北平泉中元古代高于庄组震积岩及地震节律   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19  

刘鹏举 《现代地质》2001,15(3):266-268,T002

在河北平泉中元古代高于庄组中鉴别出一系列震积岩 ,包括直立板状裂隙、液化泥晶脉、震褶岩及震积砾屑灰岩等 ,这是目前在中国所发现的最低层位的碳酸盐岩震动液化事件。震积岩主要发育于高于庄组一段上部、二段下部及三段中部 ,据此得出地震活跃期之间具有周期长度为 65Ma±的节律 ,认为此地震节律反映的是燕山裂隙槽北部边缘的断裂活动规律 ,这对于研究燕山裂陷槽的构造演化具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

The Rhythm of Earthquake Activity and an Analysis on the Earthquake Tendency of the World, the Chinese Continent and North China     

Liu Xiqiang 《中国地震研究》2005,19(2):181-191

Based on the Morlet complex wavelet transformation, the authors put forward a kind of new method for distinguishing periods of seismic activity and quietude and a new physical thought on the time-dependent wavelet accumulation energy spectrum with periods, the time-frequency distribution of wavelet vibration period spectrum and period-specific wavelet vibration spectrum. By applying the above methods to a time series which is composed of earthquake accumulation energy per year for the world, the Chinese continent and North China,respectively, we obtained some new information about the rhythm of shallow earthquake activity. Considering the historic earthquakes and the rhythm characteristics of current strong earthquake activity, the earthquake tendency in the next years is discussed.  相似文献   

地球节律的成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨学祥  王成金  郑文瑞  刘淑琴 《地学前缘》1997,(Z2)

地球节律主要受地球内部能量间歇性的释放所控制。旋转系统有不同于非旋转系统的位能、热能和旋转能的相互转换方式。在重力分异和热对流过程中，地核不仅有巨量热能，而且有巨量的旋转能和放射性蜕变能。这是地球能量释放的内因。天文因素使地球内核周期性地南北振动，使地球轨道、体积，形状、自转速度、公转速度和差异旋转状态周期性地变化。这是地球能量间歇性释放的外因。对作差异旋转的内核而言，万有引力常数Ｇ的变化可以改变太阳辐射量和太阳系体积，影响核幔的角动量交换和地壳地幔容积，造成热幔柱的形成与喷发，控制了核幔边界的能量交换过程。这是天文周期与地质旋回一一对应的原因，也是地球节律产生的根本原因。这使人们可以从天文周期预测地质变动。  相似文献   

地球历史的“开”、“合”节律与古地磁变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨巍然  刘育燕  邓清禄 《地学前缘》1997,(Z2)

地球历史的节律突出表现为“开”与“合”有规律的组合。“开”、“合”节律应根据地质、地球化学、地球物理、生物等各种信息综合分析而建立，一般可分为全球性、区域性、地区性、露头和微观五个级别的“开”、“合”旋回或韵律。文中综合各方面资料编制了全球“开”、“合”旋回演化简图。古地磁场强度、古地磁场极性倒转比例、古地磁场极性倒转频率和真极移速率在地史上均呈周期变化，与开合构造关系密切，同受全球性因素制约。因此，用“开”、“合”观点研究古地磁可以揭示古地磁的本质特征。通过古地磁的研究有助于确定“开”、“合”环境，恢复“开”、“合”历史，探索“开”、“合”机制。  相似文献   

华南泥盆纪海平面变化节律及圈层耦合关系   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

龚一鸣  吴诒  杜远生  冯庆来  刘本培 《地质学报》1997,71(3)

在加里东不整合面之上的华南纪盆系中,可识别出20个正层序和相对应的海平面变化旋回,其中下泥盆统9个,中泥盆统5.5个,上泥盆统5.5个。它们可归并为4个正层序组,最大海泛面分别位于sulcatus带(D_1~2),perbonus带(D_1~3),中、上varcus带(D_2~2)和gigas带(D_3~1)。对埃姆斯期和吉维期4个海平面变化的瞬间状态,进行了瞬时古地理再造。华南泥盆纪海平面变化节律可分为三类:自节律;全球性他节律、区域性他节律;耦合节律,它们分别发育于法门期;布拉格期、艾费尔期;洛赫科夫期、埃姆斯期、吉维期、弗拉斯期和法门期/弗拉斯期之交(F/F)事件期。处于相对干暖和宁静期的布拉格期和艾费尔期全球性他节律海平面变化的原因,难以用冰川和构造机制解释,可能与海洋盆地容积或地球体积的脉动膨缩有关。F/F事件期的耦合节律海平面变化是地内外因素、圈层协同行为和耦合效应的灵敏标志。  相似文献