Consolidation analysis of saturated multi‐layered soils with anisotropic permeability caused by a point sink     

Zhi Yong Ai  Wen Ze Zeng 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(7):758-770

This paper presents the analytical layer‐element method to analyze the consolidation of saturated multi‐layered soils caused by a point sink by considering the anisotropy of permeability. Starting from the governing equations of the problem, the solutions of displacements and stresses for a single soil layer are obtained in the Laplace–Hankel transformed domain. Then, the analytical layer‐element method is utilized to further derive the solutions for the saturated multi‐layered soils in the transformed domain by combining with the boundary conditions of the soil system and continuity conditions between adjacent layers. The actual solutions in the physical domain can be acquired by the inversion of Laplace–Hankel transform. Numerical results are carried out to show the accuracy and stability of the proposed method and evaluate the influence of sink depth and anisotropic permeability on excess pore pressure and surface settlement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A review of comminution age method and its potential application in the East China Sea to constrain the time scale of sediment source-to-sink process   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Li  Chao  Yang  Shouye  Lian  Ergang  Bi  Lei  Zhang  Zhaofeng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,14(3):399-406

The East China Sea(ECS) is a river-dominated epicontinental sea, linking the Asian continent to the northwestern Pacific via the large rivers originating from Tibetan Plateau. The relevant huge influx of riverine detritus has developed unique sedimentary systems in the ECS during the Quaternary, offering ideal terrestrial archives for reconstructing Quaternary paleoenvironmental changes and studying land-sea interactions. Overall, two characteristic river systems dominate the sedimentary systems and sediment source to sink transport patterns in the ECS, represented by the Changjiang(Yangtze River) and Huanghe(Yellow River) for the large river system and Taiwan rivers for the small river system. Given this, the sediments derived from both river systems bear distinct features in terms of parent rock lithology, provenance weathering and sediment transport. Previous studies mostly focus on either the ‘source' discrimination or the ‘sink' records of the sedimentary system in the ECS, while the source to sink process linking the land and sea, in particular its time scale, has been poorly understood. Here we introduce a newly-developed dating technique, the ‘comminution age' method, which offers a quantitative constraint on the time scale of sediment transfer from its ultimate source to the final depositional sink. This novel method is of great significance for improving our understanding on the earth surface processes including tectonic-climate driven weathering, and sediment recycling in relation to landscape evolution and marine environmental changes. The application of comminution age method in the ECS will provide important constraints on sediment source-to-sink process and more evidences for the construction of late Quaternary paleoenvironmental changes under these unique sedimentary systems.  相似文献   

Temporospatial changes of carbon footprint based on energy consumption in China     

CHUAI Xiaowei  LAI Li  HUANG Xianjin  ZHAO Rongqin  WANG Wanjing  CHEN Zhigang 《地理学报》2012,22(1):110-124

Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of productive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption.  相似文献   

国外湿地生态系统碳循环研究进展   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

栾军伟  崔丽娟  宋洪涛  王义飞 《湿地科学》2012,10(2):235-242

在全球变化背景下,面对湿地生态系统是否能维持其碳汇功能等问题,在以下几方面进行了讨论:当前湿地生态系统碳源与碳汇评估中存在的问题;湿地碳源与碳汇功能时空格局变异最新研究进展;影响湿地甲烷排放的因素;湿地碳循环过程对全球变暖的响应模式;湿地生态系统碳循环模拟。认为当前对湿地生态系统碳循环认识的局限性,是导致碳循环成为全球变暖互馈机制中不确定性的主要原因之一。针对中国当前湿地生态系统碳循环研究的特点,提出了中国未来湿地生态系统碳循环研究的焦点问题,即如何在气候变化及人类活动双重影响下,维持中国湿地生态系统现有碳储存库的功能,以及如何提高已退化湿地的固碳功能及潜力。  相似文献   

2007年夏季淮河流域洪涝与亚洲地区大气低频振荡的关系     

岑思弦  巩远发  王霄 《大气科学》2009,33(6):1286-1296

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国地面观测站的逐日降水资料, 研究了2007年夏季淮河流域洪涝与亚洲地区大气低频振荡的联系, 通过分析研究表明: 2007年夏季淮河流域降水低频振荡的主要周期是30～70天, 该低频序列的方差大约占了总方差的47%; 在降水低频振荡的位相5～8 (1～4), 亚洲季风区从阿拉伯海北部经孟加拉湾到我国南海地区, 以及我国淮河流域经渤海到日本地区主要受低频热源 (热汇) 的控制; 并且在极大降水位相7, 我国东部地区 (10°N～45°N, 110°E～120°E), 从北到南, 〈Q1〉低频分量的分布呈负正相间的低频热汇、 热源、 热汇、 热源形式(位相3则呈相反的分布形式); 在位相5～8 (1～4), 亚洲季风区〈Q1〉低频分量的分布有利于 (不利于) 气流向淮河流域汇合并形成辐合上升; 受低频环流变化的影响, 在位相5～8, 大量的水汽被输送到淮河流域, 辐合上升形成降水; 相反, 在位相1～4, 来自西太平洋上的水汽在该地区辐散, 不利于降水的发生。  相似文献   

探矿工程技术与低碳经济          下载免费PDF全文

张金昌 《探矿工程》2010,37(12):1-4

低碳经济是当今时代的主题,已被世界各国人民作为发展本国经济所追求的理想方式。作为国民经济建设先行官的地质工作组成部分的探矿工程（岩土钻掘工程）技术与低碳经济有着密不可分的关系。针对当今时代特征及人类生存发展的时代主题,面对国民经济建设新形势,简要阐述了探矿工程（岩土钻掘工程）技术与低碳经济的关系,以及技术本身发展的相关问题。  相似文献   

Role of Carbonic Anhydrase as an Activator in Carbonate Rock Dissolution and Its Implication for Atmospheric CO_2 Sink   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

LIU ZaihuaKarst Dynamics Laboratory of MLR  Institute of Karst Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Qixing Ro  Guilin 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(3):275-278

The conversion of CO2 into H+ and is a relatively slow reaction. Hence, its kinetics may be rate determiningin carbonate rock dissolution. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), which is widespread in nature, was used to catalyze the CO2 conversion process in dissolution experiments of limestone and dolomite. It was found that the rate of dissolution increases by a factor of about 10 after the addition of CA at a high CO2 partial pressure (Pco2) for limestone and about 3 at low Pcoj for dolomite. This shows that reappraisal is necessary for the importance of chemical weathering (including carbonate rock dissolution and silicate weathering) in the atmospheric CO2 sink and the mysterious missing sink in carbon cycling. It is doubtless that previous studies of weathering underestimated weathering rates due to the ignorance of CA as an activator in weathering, thus the contribution of weathering to the atmospheric CO2 sink is also underestimated. This finding also shows the need to examine the situ distribution and activ  相似文献   

    

Yang Xin  Wang Mingxing  Huang Yao 《大气科学进展》2001,18(6):1192-1206

The spatial and temporal variability of land carbon flux over the past one hundred years was investigated based on an empirical model directly calculating soil respiration rate. Our model shows that during 1901–1995, about 44-89 PgC (equals to 0.5, 0.9 PgC/yr respectively) were absorbed by terrestrial biosphere. The simulated net ecosystem productivity (NEP) after the 1930s was close to the estimated value of “ missing C sink” from deconvolution analysis. Most of the total carbon sink happened during 1951–1985 with the estimated value of 33–50 PgC. Three major sinks were located in the tropics (10°S–10°N), Northern mid-latitudes (30°–60°N) and Southern subtropics (10°–40°S). During 1940s-mid-1970s, carbon sinks by terrestrial ecosystem increased with time, and decreased after the mid-1970s. These may be due to the changing of climate condition, as during the 1940s–1970s, temperature decreased and precipitation increased, while after the mid-1970s, an opposite climate situation occurred with evident increasing in temperature and decreasing in precipitation. Usually, warmer and dryer climate condition is not favor for carbon absorption by biosphere and even induces net carbon release from soil, while cooler and wetter condition may induce more carbon sink. Our model results show that the net carbon flux is particularly dependent on moisture / precipitation effect despite of temperature effect. The changing of climate in the past century may be a possible factor inducing increases in carbon sink in addition to CO₂ and N fertilizer. This research was funded by CAS One Hundred Talents project and Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS(KZCX2-201).  相似文献   

“98.7”特大暴雨中尺度系统发展的热量和水汽收支诊断   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

冯伍虎  程麟生 《应用气象学报》2001,12(4):419-432

1998年7月20~23日 (“98.7”) 发生在鄂东和鄂西南地区的特大暴雨过程, 不仅与700 hPa上低涡切变线的生成和持续发展密切相关, 而且与沿低涡切变线相继生成和强烈发展的MαCS与MβCS直接关联。利用非静力模式MM5.V2.12成功模拟提供的高分辨输出资料对这次特大暴雨中尺度系统发展的热量和水汽收支进行了诊断。结果发现:当有强对流发生并伴有强降水时, 就会有强的视热源Q₁和视水汽汇Q₂出现, 而强的Q₁与Q₂和强降水区基本是对应的; Q₁随高度增高而增大, 最大加热位面基本上都在486.1 hPa (σ=0.54) 附近; 在对流层深厚的中空加热层是积云对流活跃和强暴雨持续发生、发展的一种重要热力机制; 在对流层上半部的相对冷层为暴雨区上空积云对流提供了极为有利的热力不稳定条件, 积云对流在中、低空的凝结潜热不仅加热对流层中层大气, 而且向高层输送, 加热高层的环境大气; 在暴雨初期, Q₂的双峰结构与低空层积云及中空积云对流凝结变干有关; Q₂的中空峰值大体与Q₁的峰值相应, Q₂的深厚变干层与Q₁的深厚加热层非常一致。 诊断结果表明, 用非静力中尺度模式成功模拟的高分辨输出资料对Q₁和Q₂进行数值诊断是可行的。通过对强暴雨过程Q₁和Q₂的诊断, 可为改进积云对流参数化中加热和增湿廓线提供可靠的物理依据。  相似文献   

作物气象灾害危害性的多目标灰色局势决策     

刘流  蒙远文  黄洪峰 《热带气象学报》1995,11(1):92-96

计算了１９９１年７月４－９日的梅雨锋强度降水过程的热源Ｑ１和水汽汇Ｑ２，结果表明，存在着两类云系即对流云和层状云对Ｑ１和Ｑ２的结构产生影响。对流加热发生在强降水区上空，而层状云加热发生在对流区周围的弱降水区上空，在对流加热区，大量的潜热释放形成最的热源和水汽汇，热源峰值出现在上部对流层，水汽汇峰值出现在下部对流层，在层状云区，通常０℃层以上为热源和水汽汇，０℃层以下的热汇和水汽源，层状云引起的Ｑ１  相似文献