Hydrogeochemical Anomalies in the Springs of the Chiayi Area in West-central Taiwan as Possible Precursors to Earthquakes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. R. Song  W. Y. Ku  Y. L. Chen  C. M. Liu  H. F. Chen  P. S. Chan  Y. G. Chen  T. F. Yang  C. H. Chen  T. K. Liu  M. Lee 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(4):675-691

Water samples from both hot and artesian springs in Kuantzeling in west-central Taiwan have been collected on a regular basis from July 15, 1999 to the end of August 2001 to measure cation and anion concentrations as a tool to detect major earthquake precursors. The data identify chloride and sulfate ion anomalies few days prior to major quakes and lasting a few days afterward. These anomalies are characterized by increases in Cl^- concentrations from 34.9% to 41.2% and 71.5% to 138.1% as well as increases in SO₄^2- concentrations from 232.7% to 276.8% and 100.0% to 155.1% above the means in both hot and artesian springs. The occurrence of these anomalies is probably explained first as stress/strain-induced pressure changes in the subsurface water systems which then generate precursory limited geochemical discharges at the levels of subsurface reservoirs. Therefore, finally leading to the mixing of previously separated subsurface water bodies occurs. This suggests that the hot and artesian springs in the Kuantzeling area are possible ideal sites for recording strain changes serving well as earthquake precursors.  相似文献   

Carbogaseous spring waters, coldwater geysers and dry CO₂ exhalations in the tectonic window of the Lower Engadine Valley, Switzerland     

Pius Bissig  Nico Goldscheider  Jo?lle Mayoraz  Heinz Surbeck  Fran?ois-David Vuataz 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2006,99(2):143-155

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River dissolved and solid loads in the Lesser Antilles: New insight into basalt weathering processes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stareh Rad  Pascale Louvat  Caroline Gorge  Jrme Gaillardet  Claude Jean Allgre 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):308

We present here the first available estimations of chemical weathering and associated atmospheric CO₂ consumption rates as well as mechanical erosion rate for the Lesser Antilles. The chemical weathering (100–120 t/km²/year) and CO₂ consumption (1.1–1.4 × 10⁶ mol/km²/year) rates are calculated after subtraction of the atmospheric and hydrothermal inputs in the chemical composition of the river dissolved loads. These rates thus reflect only the low-temperature basalt weathering. Mechanical erosion rates (approx. 800–4000 t/km²/year) are estimated by a geochemical mass balance between the dissolved and solid loads and mean unaltered rock. The calculated chemical weathering rates and associated atmospheric CO₂ consumption rates are among the highest values worldwide but are still lower than those of other tropical volcanic islands and do not fit with the HCO₃⁻ concentration vs. 1/T correlation proposed by Dessert et al. (2001). The thick soils and explosive volcanism context of the Lesser Antilles are the two possible keys to this different weathering behaviour; the development of thick soils limits the chemical weathering and the presence of very porous pyroclastic flows allows an important water infiltration and thus subsurface weathering mechanisms, which are less effective for atmospheric CO₂ consumption.  相似文献   

Recharge areas and hydrochemistry of carbonate springs issuing from Semmering Massif, Austria, based on long-term oxygen-18 and hydrochemical data evidence     

Beyene Yehdegho  Peter Reichl 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(6):628-642

Oxygen-18 content and hydrochemistry of the springs issuing from Semmering Massif was intensively monitored with the aim of characterizing the recharge areas and hydrochemical evolution. The δ¹⁸O-altitude effect was determined using isotopic and hydrogeological data for small, mainly crystalline reference springs; it was approximated at –0.27 and –0.21‰/100 m respectively for the northern and southern side of the massif. Applying these values the mean recharge altitude of the springs was calculated. For the large-capacity carbonate springs it ranges between 1,100–1,410 m, compatible with the topographic and hydrogeologic frame work of the Mesozoic limestones and dolomites comprised in the Lower Austroalpine feeding the springs. Hydrochemical composition of the carbonate springs is dominated by Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO₃ ^– and SO₄ ^2– ions. With respect to calcite, the springs are nearly saturated, but undersaturated with dolomite (except for some springs that seemed close to saturation). As is typical for carbon dioxide influx from soils in a mountainous region, the mean equilibrium P_CO2 is low, within 10^–3.0 and 10^–2.5 atm (0.1–0.3 vol%). On a long-term scale, the pH and the calculated SI_c, SI_d and equilibrium P_CO2 show a strong seasonality, whereas Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and HCO₃ ^– concentration is almost time invariant. By integrating the results of δ¹⁸O and chemical data, altitudinal variability of the chemistry of carbonate groundwater is demonstrated. Reflecting the systematic change of biotic activity and recharge conditions in the catchment areas, a negative co-variation results between the recharge altitude and P_CO2 and HCO₃ ^– concentration (HCO₃ ^– is not modified by any source/sink terms, thus rendering the change on the carbonate chemistry). P_CO2 and HCO₃ ^– drop by approx. 0.22 log units (atm) and 38.6 mg/l, respectively, for every 100-m gain in recharge altitude. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

Factors governing subaqueous siliceous sinter precipitation in hot springs: examples from Yellowstone National Park, USA   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Sean A. Guidry  Henry S. Chafetz 《Sedimentology》2002,49(6):1253-1267

Abstract Siliceous sinter precipitation within hot spring systems has been attributed to a variety of mechanisms: evaporative concentration, cooling, changes in pH and cation effects. Repetitive in situ (T, pH, alkalinity, etc.) and laboratory (major, minor and trace elemental, stable isotopic) analyses of the waters plus observations of silica precipitation on natural (e.g. twigs, pine cones) as well as artificial substrates (glass slides and copper plates) in the waters substantiate that subaqueous precipitation is occurring throughout the vent to distal end of flow in both Cistern Spring (Norris Geyser Basin) and Deerbone Spring (Lower Geyser Basin), Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Quartz and sodium–potassium geothermometers indicate that Cistern Spring is fed by a subsurface reservoir that is between 232 and 272 °C. Calculated reservoir temperatures are significantly lower at Deerbone Spring (182–197 °C). Based on a suite of measured and theoretical saturation indices, downflow changes in the system resulting from evaporative concentration (e.g. Cl increases 10%), changes in pH (e.g. 5·6–7·1) and cation effects (Al and Fe) are of negligible importance in the subaqueous precipitation of hot spring opal‐A. Similarly, at the macroenvironmental scale, potential biotic effects on opal‐A precipitation appear to be minimal. Modelling of the two active siliceous sinter precipitating systems indicates that cooling (e.g. 80–17 °C) is the predominant process governing subaqueous mineral precipitation.  相似文献   

山西省4口井(泉)水化学特征与水氡映震效能研究     

穆慧敏  黄春玲  常姣  杨静  李民  姚林鹏  张文男 《中国地震》2019,35(4):654-665

对山西4口水化学观测井（泉）及周边地表水进行水化学和氢氧同位素分析,利用Piper图、durov图、Na-K-Mg三角图等方法研究其水化学特征及成因,得出井（泉）水岩平衡程度、热储温度、地下水循环深度及地下水补给来源详情;分析了井（泉）水氡测项映震特征,应用水氡映震效果与水岩平衡程度、地下水循环深度表现出的特征,评价了地震监测效能。评价结果显示夏县井、奇村井优于临猗井,适于开展地震水化学观测;定襄泉应用该水化学方法评价尚存不足之处,需要探索适用于该类观测泉点的物理与化学相结合的评价方法。  相似文献   

平阴县洪范池铁矿开采对附近泉水的影响     

胡艳霞  徐东来 《山东国土资源》2009,25(12):34-37

洪范池铁矿体赋存于太古宙泰山岩群山草峪组,矿体周围泉水众多,论证矿床开采疏排水能否对泉水产生影响具有重要意义。研究分析表明,朱砂洞组含水层及山草峪组风氧化带裂隙水是矿床充水的直接充水水源,矿床充水水文地质条件属简单类型。泉水出露于寒武纪张夏组含水层中,并且与山草峪组含水层间无水力联系。若张夏组含水层不与采区沟通,矿山生产疏排水不会对泉水产生明显的影响。  相似文献   

A culture-dependent survey of thermophilic bacteria from hot springs in Xiamen area in China     

YANG Bo  OUYANG Jianping  AO Jingqun  CHEN Xinhua 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(1)

Microbes are believed to play important roles in ecosystem function in many environments. The hot springs of Xiamen Island are close to the Xiamen Sea, and may have some characteristics different from those of inland hot springs. Microbes living in the hot springs of Xiamen may have new characteristics. However, little is known about microbial communities of hot springs close to the Xiamen Sea. A cuhure-dependent survey of microbial population in the Xiamen hot springs was pcrformed by using an approach combining total cellular protein profile identification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 328 isolates of bacteria were obtained from liquid and sediment samples from the Xiamen hot springs, including neutrophilie thermophilic bacteria and moderately thermophilic acidophiles. Neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria, which grow at a temperature range of 55-90℃ including Rhodothermus marinus (Strain 1) , Thermus thermophilus (Strain 2), Thermus thiopara (Strain 3) , Geobacillus stearothermophilus(Strain 4) , Geobacillus thermoleovorans (Strain 5) , and Pseudomonas pseudoal-caligenes (Strain 6), were recovered by 2216E plates. Moderately thermophilic acidophiles, which can grow at temperatures above 50℃ and a pH range of 1. 8-3.5 such as Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (Strain 8) , Sul-fobacillus acidophilus (Strain 9), and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (Strain 10), were isolated on selective solid medium containing sulfur and Fe2+. Among these strains, Rhodothermus marinus, Thermus thermophilus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus are not only thermophilcs, but also halophiles. One bacterium strain (Strain 6) shared 99% nucleotide sequence homology with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on the 16S rRNA gene se-quence, but was quite different from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in biological characteristics, suggesting that it may represent a novel thermophilic species. Results indicated that various species of neutrophilic thermophiles and moderately thermophilic acidophiles were widely distributed in the Xiamen hot springs and that Rhodother-mus marinus and Thermus thermophilus dominated the cultivable microbial community.  相似文献   

Cenozoic “radiobarite” occurrences in the Ohře (Eger) Rift, Bohemian Massif: Mineralogical and geochemical revision     

J. Ulrych  J. Adamovic   K. k  J. Frna  Z. &#x;anda  A. Langrov  R. Skla  M. Chvtal 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2007,67(4):301-312

Barite occurrences related to the Cenozoic (Late Alpine) low-temperature hydrothermal activity are present in the continental Ohře (Eger) Rift area. A specific, Ra-bearing type of barite has been known under the name “radiobarite” from this area since 1904. Revision of 12 localities revealed the presence of alleged radiobarite only in the Teplice (Lahošť–Jeníkov) and Karlovy Vary areas. Barite from other localities is radium-poor. Barite crystals showing concentric oscillation colour zoning totally prevail. Isomorphous substitution of Sr (X×10⁻¹ to X×wt%), Ca (X×10⁻² wt%) and Fe (X×10⁻¹ wt%) for Ba was proved. Average SrO contents of 0.4 wt% are markedly exceeded in some samples from Lahošť–Jeníkov (max. 3.2 wt%) and Karlovy Vary (max. 4.9 wt%). Besides inclusions of stoichiometric iron disulphide, the same samples also contain iron disulphides with unusual high contents of Co (max. 12.2 wt%) and Ni (max. to 8.4 wt%). Specific activity of ²³⁸U in the studied barites is very low while that of ²²⁶Ra reaches 8 Bq/g in several samples. Therefore, ²²⁶Ra is not in equilibrium with its parent uranium. These “radiobarites” or their parts must be therefore relatively young, not older than 10–15 ka. Very low uranium contents (<0.4 ppm) were also confirmed by neutron activation analyses of barite samples.

Unit-cell dimensions refined from X-ray powder diffraction data do not show any systematic variation with the measured chemical composition. Their values agree with the data given in the literature. Reflection half-widths, however, seem to correlate with chemistry. Peaks are wider in samples from Lahošť–Jeníkov and Karlovy Vary.

Sulphur and oxygen stable isotope compositions of the Cenozoic barite mineralization of Teplice area are very uniform (δ³⁴S values between 3.9‰ and 7.1‰ CDT, and δ¹⁸O values between 6.1‰ and 7.7‰ SMOW), while the barites of Děc˘ín area show more variable sulphur sources. Sulphate derived from sediments of the Tertiary Most Basin seems to dominate for the Teplice area, while Cretaceous sediments are a more probable sulphur source in the Děc˘ín area. Calculation of oxygen isotope composition of hydrothermal fluids based on fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures and barite δ¹⁸O data shows δ¹⁸O_fluid values in the range of meteoric waters or δ¹⁸O – shifted deep circulating meteoric or basinal waters.  相似文献   

Apport des isotopes stables dans l'estimation des altitudes de recharge de sources thermales du MarocRecharge altitude estimation of thermal springs using stable isotopes in Morocco     

Anne Winckel  Christelle Marlin  Laurent Dever  Jean-Luc Morel  Karim Morabiti  Mohamed Ben Makhlouf  Ahmed Chalouan 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(7):469-474

The recharge altitude estimation of thermal springs from northern and eastern Morocco using ¹⁸O and ²H contents requires the definition of regional isotopic altitudinal gradients (?0.25‰ for 100 m for the Rif and ?0.30‰ for the East) and the calculation of residence time using ¹⁴C. The altitudes of emergence vary widely between 170 and 1040 m under the altitude of the recharge areas. The ¹⁸O and ²H compositions of palaeowaters ($\text{>10}\text{000}$ yr BP) indicate two effects, altitude and palaeoclimate. To cite this article: A. Winckel et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 469–474.  相似文献