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71.
D. Koester 《Astronomy and Astrophysics Review》2002,11(1):33-66
Summary. During the last decade white dwarfs have become important as tools in many areas beyond traditional stellar physics: from
the age determination of the stars in the solar neighborhood to the dating of open clusters and the distance determination
of globular clusters. They are primary candidates for the MACHO microlensing events, possibly for a stellar component of the
dark halo, and for the supernova Ia progenitors. The recent developments in these areas are reviewed, but some highlights
from more “mature” areas such as stellar parameters, mass distributions, magnetic, and pulsating white dwarfs are also summarized
briefly.
Received 5 October 2001 / Published online 11 January 2002 相似文献
72.
73.
Lambert problem solution in the hill model of motion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alexander Sukhanov Antonio F. Bertachini A. Prado 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2004,90(3-4):331-354
The goal of this paper is obtaining a solution of the Lambert problem in the restricted three-body problem described by the
Hill equations. This solution is based on the use of pre determinate reference orbits of different types giving the first
guess and defining the sought-for transfer type. A mathematical procedure giving the Lambert problem solution is described.
This procedure provides step-by-step transformation of the reference orbit to the sought-for transfer orbit. Numerical examples
of the procedure application to the transfers in the Sun–Earth system are considered. These examples include transfer between
two specified positions in a given time, a periodic orbit design, a halo orbit design, halo-to-halo transfers, LEO-to-halo
transfer, analysis of a family of the halo-to-halo transfer orbits. The proposed method of the Lambert problem solution can
be used for the two-point boundary value problem solution in any model of motion if a set of typical reference orbits can
be found. 相似文献
74.
E. Athanassoula 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2005,91(1-2):9-31
Angular momentum redistribution within barred galaxies drives their dynamical evolution. Angular momentum is emitted mainly
by near-resonant material in the bar region and absorbed by resonant material mainly in the outer disc and in the halo. This
exchange determines the strength of the bar, the decrease of its pattern speed, as well as its morphology. If the galaxy has
also a gaseous component and/or a companion or satellite, then these also take part in the angular momentum exchange. During
the evolution a bar structure forms in the inner parts of the halo as well. This bar is shorter and fatter than the disc bar
and stays so all through the simulation, although its length grows considerably with time. Viewed edge-on, the bar in the
disc component acquires a boxy or peanut shape. I describe the families of periodic orbits that explain such structures and
review the observations showing that boxy/peanut ‘bulges’ are in fact just bars seen edge-on. 相似文献
75.
L. Clewley S. J. Warren P. C. Hewett John. E. Norris M. I. Wilkinson N. W. Evans 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,362(1):349-360
We present FOcal Reducer/low dispersion Spectrograph-1 spectra (from the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope) of a sample of 34 faint 20.0 < g * < 21.1 A-type stars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Early Data Release, with the goal of measuring the velocity dispersion of blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars in the remote Galactic halo, R ∼ 80 kpc . We show that colour selection with 1.08 < u *− g * < 1.40 and −0.2 < g *− r * < −0.04 minimizes contamination of the sample by less luminous blue stragglers. In classifying the stars we confine our attention to the 20 stars with spectra of signal-to-noise ratio >15 Å−1 . Classification produces a sample of eight BHB stars at distances 65–102 kpc from the Sun (mean 80 kpc), which represents the most distant sample of Galactic stars with measured radial velocities. The dispersion of the measured radial component of the velocity with respect to the centre of the Galaxy is 58 ± 15 km s−1 . This value is anomalously low in comparison with measured values for stars at smaller distances, as well as for satellites at similar distances. Seeking an explanation for the low measured velocity dispersion, further analysis reveals that six of the eight remote BHB stars are plausibly associated with a single orbit. Three previously known outer halo carbon stars also appear to belong to this stream. The velocity dispersion of all nine stars relative to the orbit is only 15 ± 4 km s−1 . Further observations along the orbit are required to trace the full extent of this structure on the sky. 相似文献
76.
The ultrahigh-energy (>20 TeV ) gamma rays emitted by active galactic nuclei can be absorbed in intergalactic space through the production of electron-positron pairs during their interaction with extragalactic background photon fields. The electrons and positrons produced by this interaction form an electromagnetic halo. We have studied the halo formation and calculated the halo radiation spectrum. The magnetic field in the halo formation region is assumed to be strong enough for the electron velocities to be isotropized. For such fields, the halo formation process can be described by the method of generations. We calculated the synchrotron and Compton backscattering radiation spectra for the total halo luminosity. We obtained the spatial distribution of the radiation for a point gamma-ray source. 相似文献
77.
M.S. Oey 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,281(1-2):483-486
Two fundamental constraints on the earliest star formation conditions in the Galaxy are an apparent empirical low-metallicity threshold of-4 ? [Fe/H], an and upper limit to the fraction of Population III halo stars of F III < 4 × 10-4. How do these observed constraints compare with predictions of simple models? This is investigated within the framework of element dispersal from clustered core-collapse SNe. Simple arguments considering turbulent mixing within multi-phase ISM suggest that the observed low-metallicity threshold is consistent with rough expected values. However, the observed limit on F III is two orders of magnitude larger than predictions from this simple, one-zone inhomogeneous chemical evolution. 相似文献
78.
Zurab Berezhiani Paolo Ciarcelluti Santi Cassisi Adriano Pietrinferni 《Astroparticle Physics》2006,24(6):495-510
There can exist a hidden sector of the Universe in the form of parallel “mirror” world which has the same particle physics as the observable world and interacts with the latter only gravitationally. Big Bang nucleosynthesis bounds demand that the mirror sector should have a smaller temperature than the ordinary one. This implies that the mirror matter could play a role of dark matter, and in addition its chemical content should be dominated by helium. Here we study the evolutionary and structural properties of the mirror stars which essentially are similar to that of the ordinary stars but with higher helium contents. Being invisible in terms of photons, they could be observed only as MACHOs in the microlensing experiments. Using a numerical code, we compute evolution of stars with large helium abundances (Y = 0.30–0.80) and a wide range of masses, from 0.5 to 10 M. We found that helium dominated mirror star should have much faster evolutionary time (up to a factor 30) than the ordinary star with the same mass. In addition, we show the diagrams of luminosities, effective temperatures, central temperatures and densities, and compute the masses of the He-core at ignition and the minimum mass for carbon ignition, for different chemical compositions. The general conclusion is that mirror stars evolve faster as compared to ordinary ones, and explode earlier as type II supernovae, thus enriching the galactic halo of processed mirror gas with higher metallicity, with implications for MACHO observations and galaxy evolution. 相似文献
79.
Markus Kissler-Patig 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,281(1-2):487-491
Old, metal-poor globular clusters trace the formation and evolution of early-type galaxies. Their are the best probes, at
low redshift, of the building-up of galaxy halos at high redshift. Their properties constrain the characteristics of their
progenitors. Recent results suggest that DLAs atz > 3 are the likely hosts for their formation. Finally, they shed light on the old, metal-poor halos probably present around
all early-type galaxies.
This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
80.
Birgitta NordstrÖm 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(2):779-782
New, precise abundance data for a large number of elements in a growing sample of extremely metal-poor stars are accumulating
from the new 8-m telescopes. Combined with theoretical models, these results advance our understanding of the first generations
of stars, whose nucleosynthesis products are fossilised in the oldest stars we see today and thus give clues to the earliest
phases of evolution in the Galaxy. In particular, the heaviest elements give us insight into the different neutron capture
mechanisms and the stellar sites where such elements could be produced. They also afford an independent way to determine the
age of the Galaxy, by radioactive chronology.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献