北京市有机氯农药填图与风险评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

成杭新  赵传冬  庄广民  刘英汉  王亚平  王晓菲  李兴红  傅珊  周国华  孙彬彬  刘占元  魏华玲  曾道明 《地质通报》2008,27(2):169-181

采用1个样/km2的密度、1个分析组合样/16km2的方法,对北京市784km2范围内的土壤、大气干湿沉降物、大气颗粒物中HCH、DDT的含量和空间分布特征进行有机氯农药填图.查明2000年北京市地表土壤HCH和DDT的平均含量分别为8.80±11.83ng/g、108.99±301.90ng/g.2006年大气干湿沉降物中HCH和DDT平均含量分别为10.09±9.60ng/g、12.99±13.51ng/g,HCH和DDT的年沉降通量分别为996.57±939.96g/a·km2、1291.53±1342.28g/a·km2.2006年大气颗粒物PM10和PM2.5中的HCH含量分别为0.294±0.205ng/m3和0.217±0.137ng/m3,DDT的平均含量分别为1.037±1.301ng/m3和0.522±0.773ng/m3,显著高于2002-2003年度大气颗粒物中HCH(PM100.01786ng/m3,PM250.01731ng/m3)和DDT(PM100.01672ng/m3,PM2.50.02353ng/m3)的含量,表明北京市或周边地区仍在使用含HCH和DDT化学成分的农药.以2000年北京地表土壤和2006年大气干湿沉降物中HCH和DDT的含量为基础,对2020年土壤中HCH和DDT的时空演变的预测显示,即使干湿沉降物中HCH和DDT的沉降通量每年以5%的速率递减,到2020年土壤中HCH和DDT的环境质量仍不能显著改善,而控制和削减北京及周边地区含HCH和DDT成分农药的使用将是改善北京地表土壤环境质量的关键措施.  相似文献   

中国数字地质调查系统的基本构架 及其核心技术的实现   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李超岭  杨东来  李丰丹  刘畅  刘修国  于庆文  吕霞 《地质通报》2008,27(7):923-944

数字地质调查系统是贯穿整个地质矿产资源调查全过程的软件,涵盖地质矿产调查、矿产资源勘查、矿体模拟、品住估计、资源量估算、矿山开采系统优化等内容。考虑数字地质调查系统的应用技术层面,从数据“层”模型、数据流“池”技术、不同阶段数据模型继承技术、数据互操作技术等几个方面讨论了核心技术及其实现,通过基于无缝一体化技术的数据采集、管理、综合处理与成果表达,在实体或矿块的矿床建模技术与品住估计、储量估算等方面展现了全地质调查过程的数字化,不但为地质人员应用高新技术降低了门坎,而且极大地提高了研究精度和效率,丰富了成果的表现形式和服务形式。随着数字地质调查系统的完善和应用水平的提高,数字地质调查系统将成为中国地质调查的主流软件体系。  相似文献   

因子分类法在黑龙江塔河地区地质填图中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

时艳香  郝立波  陆继龙  纪宏金 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(5):899-903

利用因子分类法在黑龙江塔河地区进行地球化学单元识别,根据各单元的理论地球化学意义及其与地质单元的对应关系,进行浅覆盖区地质填图研究。充分提取区域化探资料中的地球化学信息,将研究区识别为具有特定地质、地球化学意义的5个地球化学单元。其中:Be、Nb、Sn、Y、Rb单元主要反映研究区古生代花岗岩和中生代酸碱性火山岩的分布;Co、TFe、Cr、Ni、V、Ti、MgO单元主要反映研究区早元古代侵入岩、变质岩和古生代基性岩体的分布;SiO2、K2O、Na2O单元反映的地质单元主要为古生代侵入岩、中生代酸碱性火山岩和沉积岩;Al2O3、Li、F单元主要反映中生代火山岩的分布;CaO、Sr、Ba单元反映的是中生代沉积岩,可能与生物沉积作用有关,代表比较稳定的沉积环境。同时,根据不同单元的分布形态和边界走向,识别和推断了研究区的北东、北西、南北及东西向断裂构造。  相似文献   

地震勘探测量数据的快速处理和管理     

吴立萍 《中国煤炭地质》2008,(7):68-70

目前山区地震测量施工主要的困难体现在山区放样难、内业数据处理复杂、测量成果无法进行异常检查等方面,其严重影响后续资料处理和解释质量。针对以上难点,利用AUTOCAD为平台,开发了一套物探测量数据处理系统。该系统具有展点、点内插、绘制测线剖面图、管理测点信息、打印成果报表等功能,实现了地震勘探测量数据的快速处理及有效检核．提高了野外测量放样的施工效率和数据的准确度。另外其图层管理及系统辅助功能,还可为地震勘探施工设计提供参考。  相似文献   

Non-Linear Theory and Power-Law Models for Information Integration and Mineral Resources Quantitative Assessments   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Qiuming Cheng 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(5):503-532

Singular physical or chemical processes may result in anomalous amounts of energy release or mass accumulation that, generally, are confined to narrow intervals in space or time. Singularity is a property of different types of non-linear natural processes including cloud formation, rainfall, hurricanes, flooding, landslides, earthquakes, wildfires, and mineralization. The end products of these non-linear processes can be modeled as fractals or multifractals. Hydrothermal processes in the Earth’s crust can result in ore deposits characterized by high concentrations of metals with fractal or multifractal properties. Here we show that the non-linear properties of the end products of singular mineralization processes can be applied for prediction of undiscovered mineral deposits and for quantitative mineral resource assessment, whether for mineral exploration or for regional, national and global planning for mineral resource utilization. In addition to the general theory and framework for the non-linear mineral resources assessment, this paper focuses on several power-law models proposed for characterizing non-linear properties of mineralization and for geoinformation extraction and integration. The theories, methods, and computer system discussed in this paper were validated using a case study dealing with hydrothermal Au mineral potential in southern Nova Scotia, Canada.  相似文献   

Hierarchical decomposition of variance with applications in environmental mapping based on satellite images     

Ferenc Csillag  Sándor Kabos 《Mathematical Geology》1996,28(4):385-405

A quadtree-based image segmentation procedure (HQ) is presented to map complex environmental conditions. It applies a hierarchical nested analysis of variance within the framework of multiresolution wavelet approximation. The procedure leads to an optimal solution for determining mapping units based on spatial variability with constraints on the arrangement and shape of the units. Linkages to geostatisiics are pointed out, but the HQ decomposition algorithm does not require any homogeneity criteria. The computer implementation can be parameterized by either the number of required mapping units or the maximum within-unit variance, or it can provide a spectrum of significances of nested ANOVA. The detailed mathematical background and methodology is illustrated by a salt-affected grassland mapping study (Hortobágy, Hungary), where heterogeneous environmental characteristics have been sampled and predicted based on remotely sensed images using these principles.  相似文献   

The development of radio astronomy at Hartebeesthoek     

George D. Nicolson 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,230(1-2):315-327

The development of radio astronomy at the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory in South Africa is described. The Hartebeesthoek site was established originally by NASA as one of three Deep Space Stations equipped with 26-m parabolic reflector antennas. It was first used for radio astronomy by South Africa in terms of the NASA host nation agreement which allowed for its use at times when the facility was not needed for its primary purpose of tracking space probes. After NASA withdrew from South Africa in 1975, the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research took over the site and the 26-m parabolic reflector antenna, which NASA had abandoned in position, and established it as a national observatory. The development of the facility to the stage where it could support a variety of observing programmes such as continuum observations and mapping, spectroscopy and pulsar timing is described as well as the role played by the Observatory in global programmes of very long baseline interferometry.  相似文献   

Geochemical mapping using a geomorphologic approach based on catchments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Massimo Spadoni   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,90(3):183-196

The Extended Sample Catchment Basin (ESCB) mapping technique, discussed in this paper, can be used to display the spatial distribution of geochemical variables measured in stream sediments taking into consideration the geomorphologic settings and the hydrographic patterns of surveyed areas. This approach is based on the association of an area of statistical representativeness with each sample, and on the assumption that the concentrations measured in the stream sediments can be considered as average reference values for this area.ESCBs can be easily identified considering the position of the sampling points within the hydrographic network and using the confluences between the streams of highest rank as break points for representing changes of the geochemical background. This approach, different from the traditional geostatistical and deterministic ones, does not consider the Euclidean distance among the sampling points as a measure of geochemical similarity but only refers to their functional relationship along the streams (following the water and the sediment flow) to measure their proximity.ESCBs can be seen as a specific development of previous techniques based on catchments and proves to be especially useful for supporting land planning in a preliminary survey phase while it is not specifically suitable for the identification of point sources of geochemical anomalies.Due to the fractal nature of the hydrographic network, all the procedures can be driven in a GIS environment by using digital terrain models apart from their spatial resolution.  相似文献   

GIS-based flood hazard mapping at different administrative scales: A case study in Gangetic West Bengal, India   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Joy Sanyal  X.X. Lu 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2006,27(2):207-220

This paper addresses the need for an efficient and cost-effective methodology for preparing flood hazard maps in data poor countries, particularly those under a monsoon regime where floods pose a recurrent danger. Taking Gangetic West Bengal, India, as an example and using available historical data from government agencies, the study compiled a regional map indicating hazard prone subregional areas for further detailed investigation, thereby isolating actual high risk localities. Using a GIS (Geographical Information System), a composite hazard index was devised incorporating variables of flood frequency, population density, transportation networks, access to potable water, and availability of high ground and maximum risk zones were mapped accordingly. A digital elevation model derived from high resolution imagery available in the public domain was used to calculate elevated areas suitable for temporary shelter during a flood. Selecting administrative units of analysis at the lowest possible scales – rural development blocks (regional) and revenue villages (subregional) – also ensures that hazard mapping is prepared in line with the existing rural planning and administrative authorities responsible for remedial intervention.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地东河砂岩沉积和储层特征及综合分析   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

贾进华  张宝民  朱世海  朱运成  李占银 《古地理学报》2006,8(3):339-352

东河砂岩是一套海侵初期的沉积产物，东河砂岩不是一个等时沉积体，相当于晚泥盆世晚期至早石炭世早期沉积，具体沉积时间各地有差异。由于东河砂岩是覆盖广泛的海侵初期沉积，因此具有海侵初期填平补齐的特征，其沉积相决定于海侵的速度、沉积物的供给和海侵前的古地貌。塔北地区受塔北古隆起的阻挡，海水在古隆起周围滞留时间较长，又有较粗粒的物源供给，其沉积产物主要是滨岸海滩沉积；塔中地区由于地形复杂，沉积类型也比较复杂，底部砾岩段有河流相沉积，而块状砂岩段和砂砾岩段有河口湾和滨岸海滩沉积，不同段在成分、分选性和粒级上有较大的差异；而其它低平地区主要是海侵期快速的滨岸和陆架沉积。受沉积因素影响，东河砂岩有效储层的分布具有地域性；除沉积因素外，低的地温梯度和短期的深埋藏是优质储层发育的重要控制因素。  相似文献