Assessing thermal maturity of Palaeozoic rocks from reflectance of chitinozoa as constrained by geochemical indicators: an example from southern Ontario, Canada     

M. Obermajer  M.G. Fowler  F. Goodarzi  L.R. Snowdon 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1996,13(8):907-919

The reflectance of chitinozoa (%ChR₀) was investigated as an alternative technique of determining the level of thermal maturity of organic-rich Palaeozoic rocks in southern Ontario. These sedimentary strata, which include the Ordovician Collingwood Member and the Blue Mountain Formation, as well as the Devonian Marcellus Formation, lack vitrinite precluding the application of a standard vitrinite reflectance (%VR₀) technique. ChR₀ shows a proportional increase at marginal to moderate maturities, being on average 20 to 25% higher than expected vitrinite reflectance. The reflectance data fall into a very narrow range showing a high degree of consistency for each lithostratigraphic unit. The average ChR₀ are as follows: Collingwood Mbr 0.63% (Georgian Bay area) and 0.88% (Toronto area), Blue Mountain Fm 0.92%, Marcellus Fm 0.68%. Correlation with more conventional optical and geochemical maturity parameters obtained from the same set of samples (fluorescence of Tasmanites, Leiosphaeridia and Gloeocapsomorpha alginite, Rock-Eval Tmax, extract data, distribution of terpanes and steranes in extracts) indicates that, within the area of study, the beginning of the catagenetic stage corresponds to ChR₀=0.65% (equivalent VR=0.50%) whereas the threshold of significant oil generation is reached at ChR₀=0.9% (equivalent VR=0.70%). Therefore the Blue Mountain Formation is thermally mature with respect to hydrocarbon generation throughout the whole area of study. The Collingwood shales are mature only in the Toronto area while those occurring in the Georgian Bay area as well as the Marcellus shales have yet to enter the main stage of hydrocarbon generation. This integrated approach of assessing thermal maturity shows that ChR₀, when constrained with other maturity parameters, is a very reliable indicator of thermal maturity in Lower to Middle Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks.  相似文献   

大亚湾海域温排水三维数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周巧菊 《海洋湖沼通报》2007,(4):37-46

为了研究大亚湾海域核电站温排水热污染问题,本文利用POM模式建立了大亚湾潮流三维数值模型,在模型验证良好的基础上,结合建立在对流扩散理论基础之上的输运扩散模型,对大亚湾核电站和岭澳核电站一期工程合排后夏季两核电站温排水的稀释扩散过程进行了数值计算,得到了涨憩、涨急、落憩、落急四个典型时刻温升场的特征值,并进一步分析了温升场的变化特征。  相似文献   

Simulation of the seasonal thermal structure in the Bohai Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Huang Daji  Su Jilan  Chen Zongyong 《海洋学报(英文版)》1995,14(4):461-474

The seasonal thermal structure in the Bohai Sea are examined with a three-dimensional boroclinic primitive equation model for shelf sea.The evolution of the seasonal thermal stratification is well simulated.The stratification appears early in April,first in the area off Qinhuangdao and it is well developed in the middle of May.It intensifies with synoptic and neap-spring fluctuations throughout the summer and reaches its maximum in the middle of July.Eventually,it is destroyed at the end of September.There are cold water belts between well-mixed and stratified regions.They are loGated on the mixed side of tidal fronts,and coincide with the isolines for a temperature difference of 1-2℃ between surface and bottom.The sea surface temperature (SST) distribution shows local maxima at the head of three bays and to the south of Qinhuangdao during the summer.The Bohai Sea responds to the variability in the atmospheric forcing and in tides with the synoptic and neap-spring variations of SST,as well as in the stratification and in variable positions of tidal fronts.  相似文献   

Short-term effects of fishing on life history traits of fishes   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

Rochet  Marie-Joelle 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1998,55(3):371-391

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Northern Adriatic Rocky Reef Fishes at Low Winter Temperatures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kurt  Kotrschal 《Marine Ecology》1983,4(3):275-286

Abstract. The behavioural ecology of certain northern Adriatic fishes was observed from January to April at a water temperature of 7–11 ^oC. The fishes studied here do not migrate to deeper waters. Most of the benthic fishes show a similar distribution over the substrate in winter and in summer; in winter, however, they are very inactive and hide in the substrate. Suprabenthic fishes aggregate in littoral caves where they form dense, inactive, mixed aggregations. Certain hemipelagic and pelagic fishes join to form very dense aggregations at specific sites in the open waters of bays. Littoral predators display high feeding activity at a time when their prey is inactive. I present a hypothesis concerning possible implications of seasonally cyclic environmental temperatures for a sympatric community of non-migrating fishes.  相似文献   

反厄尔尼诺事件的个例分析     

李若钝  邹娥梅  孙瑞本  刘丽惠 《热带海洋学报》1993,(2)

根据“中美热带西太平洋海-气相互作用联合考察”1—8航次考察资料、美国NOAA、日本气象厅及我国国家气象中心气候资料室提供的SST、水位和风场等资料,对1988—1989年反厄尔尼诺事件(La Nina)形成及发展过程和热带西太平洋海洋上层热结构的相互变化作了综合分析。文章指出在La Nina事件期间,热带太平洋的海、气参数均发生了相应的变化。热带西太平洋温跃层及热含量(0—150m)作出的响应,显示出当La Nina增强时,温跃层下降,热含量增加;La Nina盛期时,温跃层最深,热含量最大;La Nina减弱时,温跃层上升,热含量减小。它们与厄尔尼诺事件(El Nino)的关系则恰好相反。  相似文献   

Trophodynamic control by clupeid predators on recruitment success in Baltic cod?   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

Koster  Friedrich W.; Mollmann  Christian 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(2):310-323

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Seasonal Variation in Host Utilization of Epiphytic Lacuna Species in Mixed Algal and Surfgrass Stands in Japan     

Makoto Kanamori  Seiji Goshima  & Hiroshi Mukai 《Marine Ecology》2004,25(1):51-69

Abstract.  On the subtidal rocky shore of Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, the congeneric phytal gastropods, Lacuna uchidai and L. decorata , inhabit the multispecific vegetation consisting of the surfgrass, Phyllospadix iwatensis and the brown alga, Cystoseira hakodatensis . We studied the phenologies of Phyllospadix and Cystoseira , host utilization patterns and life histories of Lacuna spp. to examine how these gastropods accommodate the seasonal fluctuations of the habitat. The preferences for macrophyte by Lacuna spp. were examined by laboratory experiments. The phenologies of macrophytes, the seasonal and between-substrata variations of Lacuna spp. were examined by monthly sampling from Phyllospadix and Cystoseira beds between May 1999 and May 2000. Lacuna uchidai showed significant preference for Phyllospadix , whereas L. decorata had no preference for a particular substratum. Most L. uchidai were collected from the Phyllospadix bed, however L. decorata appeared in both Phyllospadix and Cystoseira beds. The peak of new recruit of L. uchidai coincided with that of Phyllospadix biomass. The synchronization of life cycle with the phenology of the host may be adaptive for using the limited habitat. Seasonal variation in density of L. decorata coincided with neither patterns for Phyllospadix nor Cystoseira . Seasonal variation in density and size frequency distribution suggested L. decorata migrated among adjacent macrophytes. Although it was a little vague, this hypothesis was probably the best explanation of our results. Our study shows that two co-occurring Lacuna species utilize the macrophytes as habitats by the different life histories and utilization patterns and, may be alternatively accommodated to the seasonal fluctuations of their habitats.  相似文献   

Implications of estimated and measured thermal conductivity for oceanic heat flow studies     

Carol A. Stein  Dallas H. Abbott 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1991,13(4):311-329

Heat flow data provide constraints on the thermal structure and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere. Because precise determination of the heat flux requires that both the thermal gradient and the thermal conductivity be well determined we have examined the thermal conductivities used in a new Pacific Basin heat flow data set. 43% of the 1600 heat flow determinations rely on values estimated by various methods, rather than directly measured. Although the measured and estimated conductivities have comparable means, the measured conductivities have a standard deviation 50% larger than the estimated, suggesting that the estimated values underestimate the actual variation. We investigate the limitations of using such estimates by examining factors controlling the variations of measured conductivity values. We find that the variation between the closest adjacent sites increases with increasing separation, such that sites within 200 km are on average noticeably closer in conductivity than sites further apart. Contributing to this effect may be the variation of conductivity with lithology (with mean conductivity highest for carbonate oozes, intermediate for deep-sea clays, and least for siliceous oozes) and a possible trend of decreasing conductivity with increasing seafloor depth. Tests with the measured data suggest that the best method for estimating conductivity is using the mean value measured within 200 km. The mean of a larger geographical region is a somewhat poorer predictor, and using the oceanwide mean and the value at the nearest site are poorer still. Approximately 29% of the estimated values were not based on measurements from a reference site. For most others, the reference site was the nearest measurement from the same cruise, typically a large distance away. For those sites where conductivity was not measured, 78% had measured conductivity within 200 km and were reestimated using the local mean, whereas the remaining 22% were reestimated using the regional mean. The resulting change in the estimated conductivity averaged 9% using the local mean and 6% using the regional mean. We suggest that such a procedure be used to improve the utility of the heat flow data set, as an alternative to discarding the large fraction of the available data that does not incorporate measured conductivities.  相似文献   

Ocean thermal conditions in the post-smolt nursery of North American Atlantic salmon   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

Friedland  Kevin D; Reddin  David G; Castonguay  Martin 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2003,60(2):343-355

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