Reviews     

A. R. Alderman  M. F. Glaessner 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1):41-42

The origin of granite

The Granite Controversy, by H. H. Read, xix + 430 pp. Thomas Murby & Co., London, 1957.

Geology of the Pleistocene

Glacial and Pleistocene Geology by R. F. Flint, xiii‐553 pp., 4 pis., figs., J. Wiley & Sons Inc. New York; Chapman & Hall Ltd., London, 1957, 4 plates and numerous figures. $12.50.  相似文献   

Methodological studies on luminescence dating of volcanic ashes     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2013

We report here the results of a feasibility study of luminescence dating of polymineralic volcanic ash. Of the several possible protocols that used different emission bands and different IR stimulation regimes, the post infrared-infrared stimulated luminescence (pIR-IRSL) signal (detected using a violet-blue emission window with stimulation temperature in the region 260–320 °C) provided the most stable signal. This involved, i) identification of the most suitable temperature for pIR-IRSL read out, ii) determination of alpha efficiency and, iii) estimation of anomalous (athermal) fading rate. Anomalous fading rate (g-value in %/decade) of pIR-IRSL signal at 300 °C was 0.0–1.6%/decade and it ranged from 2.4 to 5.2%/decade for IRSL at 50 °C, both preheated to 320 °C. Thus, though more stable, pIR-IRSL signals may fade in nature, and even during laboratory extended irradiation. Of the models for fading correction by Huntley and Lamothe (2001) and Kars et al. (2008), the Kars et al. (2008) model performed better as the natural luminescence intensity was closer to the onset of saturation in the luminescence dose response curve. Our measurements suggest that alpha efficiencies of the pIR-IRSL signals are higher than that of IRSL. Fading corrected pIR-IRSL single aliquot regeneration (SAR) protocol based ages on three of the five volcanic ash beds are in agreement with the expected ages of ∼74 ka, based on geochemical association of the present samples to be the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT). Other ash samples that gave ages of <24 ka and <37 ka, were inferred to have been in their secondary context, reworked from their original depositional sites. The onset of saturation dose of the pIR-IRSL signal (D₀) was ∼330 Gy and this implied a maximum measurable equivalent dose of 660 Gy. The minimum detectable dose was ∼5 Gy. These dose limits correspond to a typical age range of 1–150 ka using the pIR-IRSL signal for volcanic ashes.  相似文献   

云南东川望厂组熔结凝灰岩锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄及其意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周邦国  王生伟  孙晓明  廖震文  郭阳  蒋小芳  朱华平  罗茂金  刘才泽  马东  沈战武  张海 《地质论评》2012,58(2):359-368

本文报道了云南东川地区望厂组中熔结凝灰岩锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄。其中自形结构、环带清晰锆石的不一致曲线与谐和线上交点的207Pb/206Pb年龄分别为2317±13Ma(n=13,MSWD=3.3),13个点的加权平均年龄为2299±14Ma(n=13,MSWD=5.9),表明望厂组地层的沉积时代为古元古代早—中期。东川地区下四组地层与滇中昆阳群(黄草岭组—美党组)和四川会理群(淌塘组—天宝山组)的沉积时代相差近1.0Ga。为了区别于昆阳群和会理群,建议对本区下四组地层(洒海沟组、望厂组、菜园湾组、平顶山组)独立建群,即汤丹群。汤丹群是目前为止康滇地区已发现的最古老的地层建造之一,经历过古元古代中期的挤压过程(东川运动)和古元古代末期的拉张过程,可能是相对于扬子古陆核独立存在、并构成早—中元古宙Columbia超级大陆的一个小的古老陆块。  相似文献   

Identification of the source caldera for the Middle Miocene ash-flow tuffs in the Kii Peninsula based on apatite trace-element composition     

Reishi Takashima  Hiroyuki Hoshi  Yutaka Wada  Hironao Shinjoe 《Island Arc》2021,30(1):e12404

A large caldera cluster consisting of at least four calderas (Omine, Odai, Kumano-North and Kumano calderas) existed in the central–southern part of the Kii Peninsula approximately 14–15 Ma. On the other hand, thick Middle Miocene ash-flow tuffs, referred to as the Muro Ash-flow Tuff and the Sekibutsu Tuff Member, are distributed in the northern part of the Kii Peninsula. Although these tuffs are considered to have erupted from the caldera cluster in the central-southern Kii Peninsula, identifying the source caldera in the cluster has been controversial because of similarities in the petrological characteristics and identical radiometric ages of the volcaniclastic rocks of these calderas. We successfully discriminated the characteristics of the eruptive products of each caldera in the caldera cluster based on the apatite trace-element compositions of the pyroclastic dikes and ash-flow tuffs of the calderas. We also demonstrated that the source caldera of at least the lower main part of the Muro Ash-flow Tuff and the Sekibutsu Tuff Member was the Odai Caldera, which is located in the central Kii Peninsula. Our findings show possible correlations among the pyroclastic conduits and ash-flow tuffs of the caldera-fill and/or outflow deposits, even in cases where they have been densely welded and diagenetically altered. This method is useful for the study of deeply eroded ancient calderas.  相似文献   

中国东部中新生代火山—碎屑—凝灰岩储层研究综述   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

王宏斌  白晶哲 《世界地质》1997,16(3):34-41

主要论述了中国东剖中新生代火山储层的发育状况及赋方式，对这些储层进行了区域对比，讨论了火山岩储层的发育规律，并在此基础上详细了讨论了火山岩储层的研究状况，，包括火山岩储层的孔隙研究，相带研究及其与油气关系。  相似文献   

第四纪多孔凝灰岩的发现及其矿物材料学意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

木士春  汪灵 《矿物学报》2001,21(2):196-204

本文采用XRD、IR、DTA-TG、SEM和TEM等方法，较系统地研究了产于湖南临澧盆地第四纪多孔凝灰岩的矿物岩石学及其孔隙特征，该地多孔凝灰岩具典型的玻屑凝灰结构，主要由火山玻屑组成，并含少量或微量的石英、云母、长石及粘土等；化学成分具有高硅、富铝、丰钾、低铁等特征，为中酸性岩类、钙碱系列、铝过饱和的流纹质凝灰岩；已明显发生水化作用，部分火山玻屑可能形成一种介于玻屑和蒙脱石的中间相。与一般酸性流纹质凝灰岩相比，该多孔凝灰岩具有轻质多孔和高灼失量等特征，其孔隙度为46.14%-47.49%，微孔孔径范围为0.04-20.00um，平均堆密度为0.56g/ml，是一种天然的微米孔级多孔非金融矿物原料，根据其物化特性，笔者已首次开发出凝灰岩助滤剂。  相似文献   

Miocene rhyolitic welded tuff infilling a funnel-shaped eruption conduit Shiotani, southeast of Matsue, SW Japan     

K. Kano  H. Matsuura  S. Yamauchi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1997,59(2):125-135

 At Shiotani, SW Japan, rhyolitic welded tuff forms a steep-sided funnel-shaped body, confined by Paleogene granitic rocks to an elliptical area 1–1.5 km across. The Shiotani welded tuff is pervasively welded and foliated concordantly with the contact that dips inward at angles of 70–90°. In contrast, nearby contemporary volcaniclastic deposits are non-welded and gently inclined. Near the contact with the granite, the tuff is plastically deformed and shows lineations that plunge inward at angles of 40–65°. Lithic and crystal clasts in the rheomorphic outer part are rotated in a plane normal to the foliations and parallel to the lineations indicating downward flow of the welded tuff. The geometry and internal structures suggest that the Shiotani welded tuff was emplaced and welded in a funnel-shaped eruption conduit. Upon collapse of a plinian or phreatoplinian eruption column, the majority of the conduit-filling pyroclasts probably fell back en masse into the conduit. Heat and steam from underlying magma and diffusion of interstitial volatiles into the glass perhaps reduced the viscosity of juvenile pyroclasts and facilitated welding in the conduit, especially at deep levels. The hot welded pyroclasts then flowed down the conduit wall during welding compaction and retreat of the magma. These processes resulted in increased welding toward the contacts and welding foliations concordant with the steep wall. Emplacement of nearby correlative volcaniclastic mass-flow deposits in a shelf to upper bathyal environment suggests a possibility that, when active, the Shiotani conduit was under the sea. Welding compaction would occur even under the sea provided that the steam generated in the upper part of the conduit fill prevented water access. Received: 28 February 1996 / Accepted: 5 May 1997  相似文献   

Geochronologic and paleomagnetic evidence defining the relationship between the Miocene Hiko and Racer Canyon tuffs, eccentric outflow lobes from the Caliente caldera complex, southeastern Great Basin, USA     

Sherman Gromme  Alan M. Deino  Myron G. Best  Mark R. Hudson 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1997,59(1):21-35

 Outflow sheets of the Hiko tuff and the Racer Canyon tuff, which together extend over approximately 16 000 km² around the Caliente caldera complex in southeastern Nevada, have long been considered to be products of simultaneous or near-simultaneous eruptions from inset calderas in the west and east ends, respectively, of the caldera complex. New high-precision ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology and paleomagnetic data demonstrate that emplacement of the uppermost part of the Racer Canyon tuff at 18.33±0.03 Ma was nearly synchronous with emplacement of the single outflow cooling unit of the much larger overlying Hiko tuff at 18.32±0.04 Ma. Based on comparison with the geomagnetic polarity time scale derived from the sea-floor spreading record, we conclude that emplacement of the first of several outflow cooling units of the Racer Canyon tuff commenced approximately 0.5 m.y. earlier. Only one paleomagnetic polarity is found in the Hiko tuff, but at least two paleomagnetic reversals have been found in the Racer Canyon tuff. The two formations overlap in only one place, at and near Panaca Summit northeast of the center of the Caliente caldera complex; here the Hiko tuff is stratigraphically above the Racer Canyon tuff. This study demonstrates the power of combining ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and paleomagnetic data in conjunction with phenocryst compositional modes to resolve problematic stratigraphic correlations in complex ash-flow sequences where use of one method alone might not eliminate ambiguities. Received: 13 January 1997 / Accepted: 7 May 1997  相似文献   

Are　They　Formed　by　Undercooling　Crystallization　or　Devitrification？－On　Origin　of　Various　Textures　inPlasticFragmentsofWeldedTuffs     

Du Yangsong 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1996,(2)

ＡｒｅＴｈｅｙＦｏｒｍｅｄｂｙＵｎｄｅｒｃｏｏｌｉｎｇＣｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｒＤｅｖｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ？－ＯｎＯｒｉｇｉｎｏｆＶａｒｉｏｕｓＴｅｘｔｕｒｅｓｉｎＰｌａｓｔｉｃＦｒａｇｍｅｎｔｓｏｆＷｅｌｄｅｄＴｕｆｆｓＤｕＹａｎｇｓｏ...  相似文献   

黑龙江尚志一面坡固安屯组火山碎屑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙晓  郭支涛  窦鲁文  周静  于泓超  梁一鸿 《世界地质》2016,35(1):28-39

对黑龙江尚志一面坡地区固安屯组砂、板岩中火山碎屑岩的夹层晶屑凝灰岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年和地球化学分析。结果表明,岩石Si O2含量为63.43%~75.01%,相对较高,主要为英安质和流纹质晶屑凝灰岩,属于钙碱性系列和高钾钙碱性系列;具有富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K等,而亏损Sr元素;轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,有较明显的负铕异常,具有火山弧岩浆成分特点。主要获得晶屑凝灰岩,加权平均年龄为258.0±1.6 Ma(MSWD=0.113),代表固安屯组上部火山碎屑岩夹层的形成年龄。此结果表明,在黑龙江尚志一面坡地区发育的固安屯组的形成时代为晚二叠世。  相似文献