Large earthquake‐triggered liquefaction mounds and a carbonate sand volcano in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation,Beijing, North China     

Dechen Su  Xiufu Qiao  Aiping Sun  Haibing Li  Ian D. Somerville 《Geological Journal》2014,49(1):69-89

Ten well‐preserved, earthquake‐triggered liquefaction mounds and a carbonate sand volcano have been found in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation (1550–1400 Ma) in the Beijing area, North China. These features crop out in a roadcut near Zhuanghuwa Village. All ten mounds occur in the same sedimentary layer and have rounded shapes with some concentric and radial fissures arising from the centre. They range from 1.5 to 4 m in diameter and from 10 cm to 30 cm in height. The carbonate sand volcano has a diameter of 110 cm and the ‘crater’ at the top has a depth of about 30 cm. Associated with these mounds and the sand volcano are many ‘normal’ sedimentary structures and numerous soft‐sediment deformation structures. The former include ripple marks, cross‐bedding, stromatolites and desiccation cracks, indicating deposition in a stable shallow‐water peritidal platform environment. The latter include intrastratal faults and folds, seismically formed breccias and carbonate clastic dykes. The morphological features and the genesis of these liquefaction mounds are very similar to mounds formed recently by the great Wenchuan Earthquake of China (2008). Detailed thin‐section study of the mounds found no signs of any kind of biological constructional process; instead it reveals some obvious fluidification and liquefaction characteristics. Comparative studies have shown that these features are probably the products of Mesoproterozoic earthquake activity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

敦煌三危山地区白垩纪OIB型基性岩墙的特征及地质意义   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

冯志硕  张志诚  李建锋  郭召杰 《岩石学报》2010,26(2):607-616

本文首次报道甘肃敦煌三危山地区早白垩世玄武质岩浆活动的记录。在三危山附近,基性岩墙侵入于敦煌群TTG和表壳岩大理岩和片岩中。全岩的K-Ar年龄为136.00±11.56Ma到99.11±6.35Ma,形成时代属于早白垩世。基性岩墙SiO₂含量变化范围较小,集中在47.95%~50.65%之间,以富TiO₂ (2.07%~2.35%,平均为2.21%)、MgO(6.03 %~6.51%,平均为6.32%)、贫K₂O(<1.29%),Na₂O>K₂O, Mg^#值中等且比较稳定(48.9~53.1,平均为51.7)为特征。基性岩相容元素含量相对较低,Ni含量变化相对较小,分布在112.7×10^-6~182.7×10^-6之间。而V含量变化较大,介于184×10^-6~267×10^-6之间,表明岩浆早期可能发生了一定的以橄榄石和单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用。基性岩富集LREE((La/Yb)_N ＝3.97~4.66)和LILE,无Eu负异常,较高的Fe/Mn比值等,具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的特征。微量元素比值等特征表明其来源与富集地幔关系密切,玄武质岩浆的形成可能与岩石圈的减薄和软流圈的上涌有关。  相似文献   

峨眉山大火成岩省基性墙群几何学研究及对地幔柱中心的指示意义   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

李宏博  张招崇  吕林素 《岩石学报》2010,26(10):3143-3152

本文以1:20万和1:5万区调资料为基础,结合野外观察研究了峨眉山大火成岩省主要分布区内的基性(辉绿岩)岩墙群的几何学特征。结果表明,岩墙群的几何学特征表现为中心放射状,由6条巨型岩墙群组成,辐射角度近200°。其中心收敛于永仁一带,与地层学指示的最大隆起位置吻合,指示了二叠纪峨眉山玄武岩事件的地幔柱中心位置。岩墙群分布呈中东部较多而西部少的特点,这可能与不同的剥蚀程度有关。  相似文献   

Petrological discrimination among Precambrian dyke swarms: Eastern Kaapvaal craton (South Africa)     

M.B. Klausen  U. Söderlund  J.R. Olsson  R.E. Ernst  M. Armoogam  S.W. Mkhize  G. Petzer 《Precambrian Research》2010

Age-determinations on a complex array of mafic dykes across the eastern Kaapvaal craton (Olsson et al., 2010) are complemented herein by field evidence, dyke trend analysis, and petrological characterization of 58 dyke samples. ∼2.95 Ga SE-trending, a ∼2.65 Ga E- to SE-radiating, and ∼1.90 Ga NE-trending swarms can be distinguished. Prominent Archean (∼2.95 and ∼2.65 Ga) dyke ridges contain basement xenoliths, and have a more quartz-oversaturated, andesitic and calc-alkaline character. Proterozoic (∼1.90 Ga) dykes are, on the other hand, more aeromagnetically prominent tholeiitic basalts with higher modal (Fe, Ti)-oxide contents. Multi-elemental statistics indicate that the best geochemical discrimination is found between Archean high-Sr/V and La/Yb and Proterozoic low-Sr/V and La/Yb dyke swarms. The calc-alkaline character of Archean dyke swarms is augmented by LILE-enriched spider-element patterns with steeper REE-slopes as compared to the Proterozoic swarm. Geochemical similarities are roughly consistent with the ∼2.95 and ∼2.65 Ga dykes having fed coeval lavas within the Nsuze Group and Allanridge Formation (upper Ventersdorp Supergroup), respectively. ∼1.90 Ga dykes match coeval sills on both the Zimbabwe and Kaapvaal cratons, and are presumed feeders to Soutpansberg Group lavas. This new information provided by dated feeder dyke swarms leads to a re-evaluation of petrotectonic settings, ranging from continental back-arc to radiating swarms emanating from igneous (plume?) centers.  相似文献   

Precise U–Pb dating of Paleoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms of the Dharwar craton,India: Implications for the existence of the Neoarchean supercraton Sclavia     

Jason E. French  Larry M. Heaman 《Precambrian Research》2010

We report seven high precision U–Pb age determinations for mafic dykes from a number of major Precambrian swarms located in the Dharwar craton, south India. These new age results define two previously unrecognized widespread Paleoproterozoic dyking events at 2221–2209 and 2181–2177 Ma, and confirm a third at 2369–2365 Ma. Three parallel E–W trending mafic dykes from the petrographically and geochemically variable Bangalore dyke swarm, the most prominent swarm in the Dharwar craton, yield indistinguishable U–Pb baddeleyite ages of 2365.4 ± 1.0, 2365.9 ± 1.5 and 2368.6 ± 1.3 Ma, indicating rapid emplacement in less than five million years. A compilation of Paleoproterozoic U–Pb ages for mafic magmatic events worldwide indicates that the 2369–2365 Ma Bangalore dyke swarm represents a previously unrecognized pulse of mafic magmatism on Earth.  相似文献   

The Relation between Tectonic Movement and Climatic Change     

Xuexiang Yang  Qiyuan Qiao  Dianyou Chen 《东北亚地学研究》2003,(1)

1SeesawphenomenonofoceaniccrustSince 1996, Yoshino etal.(2002) have been us-ing the space geodetic techniques to observe crustal deformation at four sites in Tokyo metropolitan area. It is called Keystone project (KSP). At the end of June in 2000, volcanic and seismic events star-ted at Izu islands, south of Tokyo. Following the ev-ent, extraordinary crustal deformation was observed not only around the Izu islands, but also at the Key-stone network, where the closest site is over 100…  相似文献   

印尼中苏拉威西波龙谷金矿地质特征——一种斑岩型金-银、铅、锌多金属矿床     

何熙琦  刘应忠  跃连红  陈金法  陈仁 《贵州地质》2011,(4):272-276

波龙谷金矿床产于新生代火山岩岛弧环境。金矿体主体赋存于石英闪长玢岩岩体和岩墙之内和内、外接触带,矿石构造以细脉状、细粒浸染状为主,蚀变带和矿化带受石英闪长玢岩岩体、岩墙形态和接触带控制。矿床形成与玢岩岩体、岩墙有密不可分的关系,属于斑岩型金-银、铅、锌多金属矿床。  相似文献   

北京西山圣莲山地质公园的岩溶地貌演化     

吕金波  刘增利 《城市地质》2011,6(3):22-27,39

圣莲山地质公园为房山北部大石河上游一个小型完整的岩溶盆地,地质构造属于百花山向斜的南翼。遣景岩石从下至上依次为,寒武纪张夏组鲕粒灰岩、炒米店组条带状石灰岩和奥陶纪石灰岩。遣貌构追为,印支运动．燕山运动和新构造运动。印支运动的南北向挤压形成响山背斜;燕山运动的北西-南东向挤压形成神牛岭和翠屏峰两个方向的岩溶墙;新构遣运动的8次抬升,形成穿洞（通风洞）、孤峰（莲子峰）、脚洞（圣米石塘）,房山地貌（笔架山）、岩溶夷平面（晾马台）、北西向岩溶墙（翠屏峰）、北东向岩溶墙（神牛岭）,溶洞（隐仙洞）岩溶地貌景观。穿洞为北京西山最高的岩溶洞穴,孤峰为残存的新近纪峰林地貌,圣米石塘为孤峰脚洞,笔架山为上新世石林与第四纪岩溶陡壁组合成的房山地貌,晾马台为中更新世形成的岩溶夷平面,翠屏峰和神牛岭为晚更新世形成的岩溶墙,隐仙洞为全新世形成的岩溶洞穴。  相似文献   

Near-field modifications of stress induced by dyke injection at shallow depth   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Bonafede  S. Danesi 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,130(2):435-448

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嵊泗岛辉绿岩墙群的侵位方式:来自磁组构的证据          下载免费PDF全文

潘小青  沈忠悦  陈宁华  张志亮  吕青  商亮节 《地球物理学报》2011,54(12):3269-3279

岩墙磁组构能反映岩浆的侵位方式.中国东部嵊泗岛广泛发育了晚白垩世辉绿岩岩墙群.我们对其中8条不同走向岩墙进行了采样,沿岩墙两边部及横跨岩墙剖面获得共273个独立定向岩芯样品.岩石磁学分析表明辉绿岩的主要携磁矿物为多畴贫钛磁铁矿,可能含少量磁赤铁矿.各条岩墙的磁组构均具有低的各向异性度Pj＜1.2,且主轴的空间方位各不相...  相似文献