多波束测量的精度控制与规范指标   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁志诚  黄文骞  魏帅  吴坚  张俊杰 《测绘工程》2016,25(2)

分析多波束测量、辅助测量的数据精度,研究其对成果水深的影响程度,结合《海道测量规范》与《多波束水深测量技术规定》中的测量等级指标,以及IHO规范中对水深不确定度的定义和传播结构的介绍,建立数学模型反解出符合规范的作业环境与辅助测量数据的等级指标,提出明确的多波束测量作业精度控制的技术指标,为测量数据的质量监控建立更全面的评价标准。  相似文献   

Bacterially-mediated weathering of crystalline and amorphous Cu-slags     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Two types of Cu-slags (CS: crystalline massive slag and GS: granulated amorphous slag) exhibiting a different chemical and mineral phase composition were compared with respect to their susceptibility to bacterial weathering using Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n° CIP 105094). Abiotic conditions e.g. sterile growth medium and ultrapure water were used for comparison. The experiments were extended up to 112 days with a systematic liquid phase renewal every 14 days. The results revealed significant release of elements in the bacterially mediated weathering experiments. Concentrations of elements (Si, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb) in the biotic solutions were increased at least by 20% up to 99% compared to abiotic ones. From 3 to 77% of the leached elements were associated to the fraction >0.22 μm. Scanning electron microscope observations demonstrated greater weathering of mineral phases in biotic experiments than in abiotic ones which is in accordance with the solution chemistry exhibiting higher concentrations of elements leached in biotic set-ups. In the case of CS, glass and sulfides weathering was yet observed in abiotic experiment, whereas partial dissolution of fayalite (Fe₂SiO₄) was solely affected by the presence of bacteria. GS having a higher bulk content of metallic elements was found to be more stable than sulfide-bearing CS, while its (GS) glass matrix was found to weather easier under biotic conditions.  相似文献   

天山南麓库车晚新生代褶皱-冲断带   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

文磊  杨海军  李曰俊  彭更新  杨宪彰  黄智斌  罗俊成  张强 《岩石学报》2016,32(3):847-855

库车褶皱冲断带位于天山南麓,由近东西走向的多条构造带组成。三叠系暗色泥岩、侏罗系煤层、古近系库姆格列木组膏盐层和新近系吉迪克组膏盐层构成库车褶皱冲断带的区域性主滑脱面。褶皱冲断带底面由北向南逐渐抬高。褶皱冲断带主体发育盖层滑脱-冲断构造(薄皮构造),基底卷入型冲断构造(厚皮构造)见于北缘的根带。新生界膏盐层之上构造变形以滑脱褶皱为特色,之下以冲断构造为特色。库车褶皱冲断带是印度-亚洲碰撞远程效应下,(南)天山晚新生代造山过程的产物。褶皱冲断带构造变形的动力来源主要是造山楔向塔里木盆地推进所形成的挤压构造应力。褶皱冲断带构造变形的起始时间为约23Ma,构造变形具有阶段式加速的特点,已经识别出约23Ma、约10Ma、5~2Ma和1~0Ma共4个变形加速期。褶皱冲断带的演化过程为前展式,褶皱冲断带前锋向南推进的同时,后缘持续变形。  相似文献   

GPS-RTK与常规仪器配合在地质勘探测量中的应用     

刘影  王少峰  钱晓辉 《安徽地质》2016,26(2):146-149

通过东山坞矿区的测量作业,简要介绍RTK在测量中的强大功能,重点介绍了GPS-RTK在地质勘探测量中的控制测量、工程点测设以及勘探线剖面测量等应用情况。结合常规测量仪器及技术方法,既弥补了RTK在矿山测量的不足,又体现了GPS-RTK的作业优势,同时反映出常规测量仪器不可替代的作用,两者相辅相成,相得益彰。  相似文献   

定点式声学多普勒流速仪的应用难点与误差分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈金浩  黄士稳  吕耀光 《水文》2016,36(5):69-73

定点式声学多普勒流速仪(简称"HADCP")在国内已较为普及,但对其应用却多停留在表面,鲜有人研究其测验误差控制及参数优化方法,影响HADCP测流精度。为解决HADCP使用中的一些疑难问题,从流速仪测验误差表现的三方面对HADCP的测流误差开展讨论。以测验误差为控制指标,对HADCP在使用中各个环节的误差来源及应用难点进行分析,并以多个实例阐明提高仪器应用精度的优化设置方法。按照所论及方法进行对照检查并合理优化,可减小测流误差,提高HADCP测流方案的整体精度。  相似文献   

基于五种油源的中重度风化溢油的常规鉴定指标的应用效果评估     

贺世杰  王传远  李延太  于洪军  韩彬 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(4):1-8

本文利用采集于我国三大油田的五种原油样品开展了长达210天的溢油风化模拟实验,并依据相对偏差和重复性限数学分析法,进行溢油风化过程分析和诊断比值应用效果评估。研究结果表明:经过210天的风化,溢油鉴定诊断比值发生明显改变;其中来源于萜烷、甾烷和多环芳烃的诊断比值变化率要远低于正构烷烃,可用于中长期风化溢油鉴定。此外,研究发现,在这些有效诊断比值中有4个变化率较小,相对偏差低于5%,保持了较好的稳定性,更适合于重度风化溢油鉴定。  相似文献   

基于无人船的大洋中尺度涡观测系统展望     

范聪慧  于非  南峰  魏传杰  任强 《海洋科学集刊》2016,51(51):49-57

中尺度涡在大洋中普遍存在,研究发现其能量比大尺度海洋环流的能量大一个量级,在海洋物质能量输运和全球气候变化中起着重要的作用。受观测条件限制,目前对中尺度涡的观测主要通过卫星高度计实现,只能从海面高度来推算中尺度涡大小、分布、强度及其伴随的水体和能量输送,而卫星高度计对中尺度涡垂直结构特征认识不足,也导致了对中尺度涡所引起的上层海洋能量、热量输送估计误差偏大。目前对中尺度涡三维结构观测认识不足,展望未来将会出现基于无人船平台的大洋中尺度涡三维结构自动观测系统,该平台将集成自动水下剖面观测功能等先进技术,以便观测中尺度涡的垂直结构特征及其时空变化特征,进而可对中尺度涡带来的物质和能量输送进行系统认识。  相似文献   

川东长兴组台缘礁滩相储层纵向非均质性特征及形成机制——以川东宣汉盘龙洞长兴组剖面为例     

秦鹏  胡忠贵  吴嗣跃  左洺滔  韩露 《岩石矿物学杂志》2018,37(1):61-74

近几年,随着四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩储层勘探的不断加强,碳酸盐岩储层强的非均质性已成为制约礁滩气藏勘探开发的现实问题。以川东宣汉盘龙洞长兴组典型台缘礁滩剖面为研究对象,通过对典型台缘礁滩野外剖面的精细观察,结合镜下薄片及岩矿资料分析,重点探讨了盘龙洞礁滩储层纵向非均质性特征及成因。剖面上礁滩体垂向上存在很强的旋回性和储层非均质性,其储集岩分布、储层厚度、白云岩化程度、溶蚀作用等受海平面周期性的升降变化影响而呈现周期性变化。礁滩储层非均质性受高能相带、海平面升降变化和建设性成岩作用的共同控制,高能相带控制储层原生孔隙的发育,决定了储层的沉积非均质性,白云岩化和溶蚀作用有利于礁滩体储层的形成,大气淡水淋滤改造对于优化储层具有关键作用,海平面升降变化决定了礁滩体旋回性发育,而建设性成岩作用的选择性改造深化了储层非均质性。  相似文献   

地物化方法在航磁异常查证中的应用     

田宇  祁程  杨金政  沈正新  汪哲  张文峰 《地质与资源》2018,27(4):406-410

航磁异常查证是矿产勘查中的一个重要环节,其目的是通过地面查证,确定异常是否存在,追踪异常源,了解异常源所处的地质环境,对异常作出客观评价,提出进一步工作的建议,为后续资料解释提供依据.通过使用地物化综合方法对黑C-2011-02243号异常查证发现：地质剖面测量和土壤地球化学测量可在地表发现较好的找矿线索;高精度磁测及激电中梯测量则反映了深部地质体及矿化特征.依据查证结果认为,在进行航磁异常查证工作时,可优先进行剖面性的地质、高精度磁法及土壤地球化学测量工作;在分析上述测量结果的基础上安排剖面性的电法测量;如存在进一步找矿信息,可安排面积性物化探测量及工程验证工作.  相似文献   

Geology of the Yap Trench: new observations from a transect near 10°N from manned submersible Jiaolong     

Yaomin Yang  Jinwei Gao  Liyan Tian  Jichao Yang  Yue Xu 《International Geology Review》2018,60(16):1941-1953

This paper describes the petrology and geochemistry of rocks from the Yap Trench acquired by three dives of the Jiaolong research submarine. Combining the geophysical data and submersible observations, this paper describes the geomorphology, shallow structures, and sedimentology of the Yap Trench and further discusses the tectonics and activities of this region. Two obvious slope breaks are found on the landward slope, and horsts and grabens with small fault offsets are observed in the ocean-ward slope of the trench. Peridotites sampled from the Yap Trench inner wall are highly depleted subduction-related mantle residues. Volcanic rocks in the northern segment of the trench have subduction-related characteristics that Yap fore-arc rocks underwent metasomatism during Cenozoic subduction. The rocks with remarkable lithologic difference from lithospheric mantle and upper crust sampled in the break slopes suggest that the slope break area may represent a lithologic boundary or transition zone. The landward slope of the Yap Trench was removed by subduction erosion as a result of collision with the Caroline Ridge. The bending of the down-going plate caused normal faults, horsts, and grabens with little or no sediments indicating that the Caroline Ridge is subducting beneath the Yap arc along the trench even though the convergence rate is very slow.  相似文献