基于格网的洪水灾害危险性评价分析——以巴基斯坦为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李晓萌  马玥  孙永华  宫辉力  李小娟 《地球信息科学学报》2013,15(2):314-320

洪水灾害已成为给当今人类带来严重损失的自然灾害之一,因此,灾害风险评价是区域经济持续发展的前提与条件。本文从致灾因子和孕灾环境两方面进行分析,综合考虑降水(累计降雨量和最大降雨量)、河流(河网密度)、地形(高程值和坡度值)、土地利用和植被(NDVI)共5种相关因子,以1km格网数据为基础,运用AHP(层次分析法)对巴基斯坦洪水灾害进行了危险性评价。结果表明:巴基斯坦洪水灾害危险性受降雨和地形的影响较大,其危险程度东南部大于西北部,并由东南部向西北部逐渐递减。  相似文献   

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刘序俨  郑小菁  陈莹  张清秀  王林 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(1):35-39

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Modelling the bulk flow of a bedrock‐constrained,multi‐channel reach of the Mekong River,Siphandone, southern Laos     

Tri P. D. Van  Paul A. Carling  Peter M. Atkinson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(5):533-545

The general nature of bulk flow within bedrock single‐channel reaches has been considered by several studies recently. However, the flow structure of a bedrock‐constrained, large river with a multiple channel network has not been investigated previously. The multiple channel network of the Siphandone wetlands in Laos, a section of the Mekong River, was modelled using a steady one‐dimensional hydraulic model. The river network is characterized by a spatially‐varying channel‐form leading to significant changes in the bulk flow properties between and along the channels. The challenge to model the bulk flow in such a remote region was the lack of ideal boundary conditions. The flow models considered both low flow, high inbank and overbank flows and were calibrated using SPOT satellite sensor imagery and limited field data concerning water levels. The application of the model highlighted flow characteristics of a large multi‐channel network and also further indicated the field data that would be required to properly characterize the flow field empirically. Important results included the observation that adjacent channels within the network had different water surface slopes for the same moments in time; thus calibration data for modelling similar systems needs to account for these significant local differences. Further, the in‐channel hydraulic roughness coefficient strongly varied from one cross‐section to the next (Manning's ‘n’ range: 0·01 to 0·10). These differences were amplified during low flow but persisted in muted form during high discharges. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海南琼海加积井水位对远大震的同震响应特征研究     

顾申宜  刘阳  张慧  解晓静  叶向顶 《中国地震研究》2012,26(1):73-86

In this study,we analyze the co-seismic response of water levels in the Jiaji well to strong earthquakes(MS≥7.8) from 2001 to 2010 at an epicentral distance less than 8000km.We investigated the co-seismic variation form of water levels,and analyzed the relationship between the amplitude of water level variation and the magnitude and the epicentral distance.We then checked the seismic wave phases when the changes of water level occurred.It was shown that:(1) the water level’s co-seismic response is mainly characterized by escalation with no oscillation;(2) the amplitude of water level change has a certain connection with epicentral distance and magnitude;(3) co-seismic response of water levels in the Jiaji well shows a certain directivity;(4) most of the co-seismic responses were caused by surface waves,and some by long-period S waves.  相似文献   

天津滨海地区浅层剪切波速与基底构造关系研究     

高武平  陈宇坤  任峰  闫成国  王志胜  杨菲 《中国地震研究》2012,26(4):512-519

Shear wave velocity is one of the important dynamic characteristics of soil layers and applied widely in aseismic engineering. In this paper, 500 drill logging data are used to make a linear interpolation based on 0.01°×0.01°×1m grid. A shallow 3-D shear wave velocity structure of Tianjin coastal area is obtained. According to the data and geological background, we selected two typical velocity profiles to try to introduce and explain its relationship to basement structure. The results show that the shear wave velocity structure clearly presents the characteristic of stratification and lateral inhomogeneity. Furthermore, the difference of the shear wave structure between tectonic elements is clear and the velocity structure between the two sides of the local or border fault in the Quaternary is disturbed or affected significantly. It intuitively shows that the basement structure and fault activity of this region had good control of sedimentation development and strata formation in the Quaternary period which would have an important effect on engineering seismic and geological condition evaluation.  相似文献   

广东信宜1、2号井水温的同震响应及机理初步探讨     

林云存 《华南地震》2012,(2):133-137

介绍了信宜1、2号井水文地质环境,总结了近年来两井水温的同震响应现象,并对其机理进行了初步的探讨。认为两口井的同震响应虽然形态不一致,但机理是相近的,主要是由于地震波的扰动,随着振动效应的作用,加大了不同含水层间的垂直运动速率,而产生水温上升或下降现象,震后一段时间随着混合通道的闭合或运动速率的恢复,2号井的水温逐渐恢复到原有的水平上。  相似文献   

丰镇井水位变化与降雨量的关系研究     

丁风和  哈媛媛 《华南地震》2012,32(1):35-40

在结合丰镇井区域水文地质条件的基础上,分析了井水位变化与降雨量的关系。研究结果表明：开展水位（年初值、年末值、年极大值、年极小值、年际变幅和极值变幅）与年降雨量的关系研究,对区域震情的跟踪和判定具有十分重要意义。  相似文献   

地震地下流体观测现状   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

冯恩国  王华  车用太  刘成龙  王伟  陈其锋  连凯旋  刘保华  李月强 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(5):202-207

系统介绍我国地震地下流体井（泉）的分布现状、观测井含水层特征及自流热水井的观测现状,并介绍观测项目及主要观测仪器等。上述调查与分析结果,可为我国地震地下流体台网的进一步调整与优化,及今后地震地下流体学科的发展提供科学依据。  相似文献   

新世纪第二个五年测井技术的若干进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张元中 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(3):1133-1142

本文对新世纪第二个五年测井技术的进展进行评述,分析电缆测井、随钻测井、地层测试等井筒探测技术的发展状况,介绍了一些最新的测井仪器和测井方法,重点讨论了测井技术在地层各向异性探测方向的进展.此外对井下永久传感器网络技术,噪声测井,重力测井,过钻头测井的进展进也行了介绍.  相似文献   

日本9.0级和汶川8.0级地震引起云南地区井水温同震响应研究     

毛慧玲  秦嘉政  杨正纲 《高原地震》2012,24(1):16-22

收集云南地区井水温数字化观测资料,对比分析了2011年3月11日日本9.0级和2008年5月12日汶川8.0级2次地震引起的云南地区井水温同震响应特征。结果表明,不同构造区域的观测井的井水温同震响应存在差异,主要与井孔本身的特征和区域构造环境有关;同一口观测井对不同地震引起的水温响应变化形态基本一致,不受地震方位和震源机制的影响,井水温同震下降或上升响应幅度随震级的增大而增大,随震中距的增大而减小;井水温同震响应的机理主要是在地震波的作用下,观测井孔中的水体受震荡激发而加速对流与掺混导致水温发生变化,当地震波逐渐平息,探头附近的井水温逐步恢复。  相似文献