大菱鲆体重和形态性状的遗传动态分析     

王新安  马爱军  马得友 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(2):55-62

In order to elucidate the genetic mechanism of growth traits in turbot during ontogeny, developmental genetic analysis of the body weights, total lengths, standard lengths and body heights of turbots was conducted by mixed genetic models with additive-dominance effects, based on complete diallel crosses with four different strains of Scophthalmus maximus from Denmark, Norway, Britain, and France. Unconditional genetic analysis revealed that the unconditional additive effects for the four traits were more significant than unconditional dominance effects, meanwhile, the alternative expressions were also observed between the additive and dominant effects for body weights, total lengths and standard lengths. Conditional analysis showed that the developmental periods with active gene expression for body weights, total lengths, standard lengths and body heights were 15–18, 15 and 21–24, 15 and 24, and 21 and 27 months of age, respectively. The proportions of unconditional/conditional variances indicated that the narrow-sense heritabilities of body weights, total lengths and standard lengths were all increased systematically. The accumulative effects of genes controlling the four quantitative traits were mainly additive effects, suggesting that the selection is more efficient for the genetic improvement of turbots. The conditional genetic procedure is a useful tool to understand the expression of genes controlling developmental quantitative traits at a specific developmental period(t-1→t) during ontogeny. It is also important to determine the appropriate developmental period(t-1→t) for trait measurement in developmental quantitative genetic analysis in fish.  相似文献   

大菱鲆低温生长遗传参数及相关的估计     

XU Liyong  WANG Weiji  KONG Jie  LUAN Sheng  HU Yulong  MA Yu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(2):63-67

The objectives of this present research were to assess the heritability of growth traits under low temperature conditions in turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.), and to analyze the correlation between body weight(BW) and body length(BL). There were 536 individuals from 25 full- and half-sib families involved in this study. During the entire 90-day period, which was initiated at 233 dph(day old) and ended at 323 dph, the individuals' BW and BL were weighed consecutively six times every 18 days. The heritability of BW and BL and the correlation between these two traits were estimated based on an individual animal model with the derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood(DFREML) method. These results showed that the specific growth rates(SGR) of 25 families was from 0.75±0.11 to 1.05±0.14 under water temperature of 10.5–12°C. In addition, the heritability of BW and BL estimated under low-temperature were 0.32±0.04 and 0.47±0.06, respectively. The BW had a medium heritability(0.2–0.4), and the BL had a high heritability(0.45), which suggested that selection for increased weight and length was feasible. Moreover, there was potential for mass selection on growth. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between BW and BL were 0.95±0.01 and 0.91±0.01(P 0.01), respectively. A significant correlation between BW and BL showed that BL could be instead of BW for indirect selection, which could be effectively implemented in the breeding program.  相似文献   

紫锥菊提取物对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)的非特异性免疫功能的影响     

秦志华  董文宾  姜令绪  王仁杰  张启迪  单虎  雷霁霖 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(3):665-669

本文旨在探讨肌肉注射不同浓度的紫锥菊提取物对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)的非特异性免疫功能的影响,试验选取体重(250±20)g的大菱鲆作为试验动物,分别注射10、20、40mg/m L浓度的紫锥菊提取物,试验共进行28d,每隔7d采集血液测试非特异性免疫指标,第28天用迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)攻毒,连续观察7d,测定其免疫保护率。结果显示肌肉注射紫锥菊提取物对大菱鲆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和溶菌酶活力(LSZ)的影响极显著(P0.01);对吞噬细胞吞噬率(PP)的影响显著(0.01P0.05),对吞噬细胞呼吸爆发活力的影响极显著(P0.01)。攻毒试验表明,紫锥菊提取物能够降低迟缓爱德华氏菌攻毒后鱼的死亡率,提高其免疫保护率,尤其是40mg/m L组。本试验研究表明,紫锥菊提取物能显著的提高大菱鲆的非特异性免疫功能,且以注射浓度40mg/m L的效果最好。  相似文献   

两种酚对真鲷幼鱼血浆性激素含量的影响     

吴翠琴 《台湾海峡》2009,28(1):60-64

采用半静态暴露的方式研究己烯雌酚（DES）和辛基酚（OP）对真鲷幼鱼血浆性激素含量的影响．将真鲷幼鱼暴露于一定浓度的DES和OP时间为6周，用放射免疫法测定对照组和染毒组血浆中的17β-雌二醇（E2）和睾酮（T）浓度．结果表明，DES和OP严重干扰了真鲷幼鱼的内分泌系统，特别是对17β-雌二醇含量的影响非常显著．  相似文献   

人工养殖条件下达氏鳇杂交种幼鱼生长特性的初步研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

石振广  董双林  鲁宏申  王云山  李文龙 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(1):33-38

为了解在人工养殖条件下达氏鳇(Huso dauricus)杂交种(达氏鳇♂×天然杂交种♀(达氏鳇♀×史氏鲟♂) )的生长特性,在水温11～22 ℃时,对达氏鳇杂交种体长和体重的生长进行实验研究.应用计算机软件Excel和SPSS对测量的数据进行处理分析,结果表明:平均全长为33.32 cm、平均体重为145.83 g的139日龄幼鱼经75 d的人工饲养长成平均全长为48.79 cm、平均体重为437.36 g的个体,全长与日龄之间呈线性关系L=3.292 7t 30.517,R2=0.959 4,其全长日均增长量为2.06 mm、平均瞬时增长率为 0.076 3,体重与日龄呈指数函数关系,Wgc=119.74e0.234 6t,R2=0.956;体重日均增长量为3.887 1 g、平均瞬时生长率为0.219 7;体重与全长的回归曲线为WwL=0.005 6L2.892 9,R2=0.998 2,幂指数接近于3,表明该鱼体重与全长的立方呈正相关系,属于等比生长类型.  相似文献   

花尾胡椒鲷幼鱼的生长率及生长耗能研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王瑁  丘书院 《海洋科学》2000,24(4)

STUDIESONGROWTHRATEANDGROWTHENERGYEXPENDITUREOFJUVENILEPlectorhynchuscinctus在鱼类的总能量支出中,生长是最有意义的一项支出,生长耗能在摄入的食物能中所占的比例直接关系到鱼类养殖的经济利益。从生物能量学的角度对鱼类的生长进行研究,可以找出影响生长率的因子,进而为生产实践提供指导。在这方面国外已进行过许多研究,国内仅崔奕波和吴登1990年对真,Cui等1990年和1994年对鲤、鲫等鱼类及Xie和Sun1992年对南方站作过研究,而且绝大部分研究都是以淡水鱼类为研究对象。本文以海水经济鱼类--花民胡椒…  相似文献   

金钱鱼早期发育的观察   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

蔡泽平  胡家玮  王毅 《热带海洋学报》2014,33(4):20-25

金钱鱼Scatophagus argus是一种具有观赏和食用价值的重要海水经济鱼类。文章对金钱鱼受精卵的胚胎发育过程和胚后不同发育阶段的形态特征进行了观察和描述,并对其仔、稚鱼饵料摄食情况作了初步观测。结果显示,在海水温度27.0~28.5℃、盐度26‰、pH为8.10~8.25的条件下,金钱鱼受精卵历时21h 30min完成整个胚胎发育过程孵化出膜。刚破膜仔鱼全长1.60±0.04mm,4h后全长1.79±0.04mm;卵黄囊椭圆球形,长径0.63±0.03mm,短径0.38±0.02mm。在水温28.0~29.0℃、盐度22‰~26‰海水中,1日龄仔鱼全长2.23±0.05mm,体高0.47±0.02mm,卵黄囊明显吸收;5日龄仔鱼全长2.85±0.07mm,卵黄囊和油球吸收完毕,仔鱼口裂0.17~0.18mm,开始摄取粒径0.10~0.12mm的轮虫幼体;9日龄仔鱼全长3.25±0.04mm,腹鳍鳍棘原基形成,胃肠充满饵料食物,消化吸收能力增强,仔鱼群体完全进入异养生长阶段;15日龄仔鱼全长3.72±0.03mm,腹鳍伸展,出现一对雏形鳍棘,仔鱼活力极强,可轻易摄食0.12~0.18mm的轮虫和桡足类幼体;32日龄的稚鱼尾部细小黑色素粒密集,体侧出现4条褐色横纹,背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍鳍棘及鳍条基本发育完整,颅骨后下方两侧长出一对三叶状特异形骨结节突起,口裂约0.50mm,主食桡足类和硅藻,并能够摄食少量软性配合饲料。本研究可为金钱鱼繁育生产和早期形态鉴别提供生物学依据。  相似文献   

不同类型糖源对大菱鲆脂肪代谢酶活性和脂肪酸组成的影响     

苗惠君  聂琴  苗淑彦  陈尘悦  李静  张文兵  麦康森 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(4)

以初始体质量(8.77±0.16)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼为研究对象,在室内流水系统中进行9周的养殖实验,比较分析饲料中3种不同类型的糖源(葡萄糖、蔗糖和糊精)对大菱鲆脂肪代谢相关酶活性和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,不同类型的糖源显著影响肝脏中与脂肪合成相关的葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)和苹果酸酶(ME)的活性(P0.05)。饲料糖源为葡萄糖时,大菱鲆肝脏中G6PD和ME的活性显著高于其他处理组,而蔗糖和糊精处理组之间没有显著差异。对与脂肪分解代谢相关酶的活性分析表明,肠道脂肪酶的活性受饲料中不同糖源的影响显著(P0.05);肝脏脂蛋白脂酶的活性在糖源为葡萄糖时显著低于其他处理组(P0.05);不同糖源对肝脂酶的活性无显著影响(P0.05);糊精组的总脂酶活性显著高于葡萄糖组(P0.05)。葡萄糖组大菱鲆肌肉中的C16∶0和C18∶0的含量显著高于糊精组,而C16∶1和C18∶1n-9的含量显著低于糊精组(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料中不同类型的糖源对大菱鲆肌肉脂肪酸的影响集中在饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸上,而对多不饱和脂肪酸的影响有限。  相似文献   

大菱鲆mIgD重链基因的克隆与表达分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈孔茂  唐小千  绳秀珍  邢婧  战文斌 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(3)

利用RACE技术克隆获得大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)膜结合型免疫球蛋白D(Membrane-bounded Ig,mIgD)重链基因的cDNA序列全长,该基因全长3 357bp,包含1个2 997bp的开放阅读框,编码999个氨基酸,基因结构为VDJ-μ1-δ1-δ2-δ3-δ4-δ5-δ6-δ7-TM。重链恒定区δ1~δ7氨基酸序列同源比对结果显示,其与庸鲽(78%)、鳜(71%)、牙鲆(68%)具有较高的同源性;多序列比对结果显示,大菱鲆mIgD的每个δ恒定区内均存在色氨酸与半胱氨酸保守位点。利用邻位相连法构建硬骨鱼类免疫球蛋白系统发育树,结果显示,鱼类IgD聚为一大支,大菱鲆IgD与庸鲽及牙鲆聚为一支。利用RT-PCR分析了大菱鲆IgD重链基因的组织差异表达,结果显示,其在外周血白细胞、脾脏、前肾及中肾组织中具有较高的表达。将大菱鲆腹腔注射福尔马林灭活鳗弧菌后,实时荧光定量PCR检测其前肾组织中mIgD重链基因应答表达量,结果显示,mIgD重链基因在注射鳗弧菌后呈显著下调趋势,在注射后8h时降至最低值,其相对表达量约为对照组的1/28,然后呈逐渐恢复上调趋势,在48h时mIgD相对表达量与对照组无显著差异。  相似文献   

中华鳖Trionyx sinensis(Wiegmann)对泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(Cantor)幼鱼的捕食效应     

袁向阳  邹李昶  申屠琰  朱卫东  王志铮 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(1):206-211

以规格6m×4m×1.2m的室内水泥池为实验单元,A[(37.53±7.72)mm]、B[(63.13±12.95)mm]肛长组泥鳅幼鱼为猎物,采用捕食者-猎物间捕食效应研究方法,研究了中华鳖对泥鳅幼鱼的捕食效应。结果表明:(1)中华鳖捕食泥鳅幼鱼的时段主要集中于00:00—4:00,其对A肛长组泥鳅幼鱼所具的捕食选择性与A、B肛长组间初始数量的配置比例无关;(2)中华鳖捕食泥鳅幼鱼的功能反应属Holling-Ⅱ型,其对A、B肛长组泥鳅幼鱼的理论最大捕食量分别为16.13ind/d和9.06ind/d;(3)中华鳖对A、B肛长组泥鳅幼鱼的种内干扰模型可分别由各自的指数方程表达,用来描述实验鱼初始数量、实验期间实验鱼被捕食数量以及中华鳖个数等参数的统计关系,并指导确定合理的中华鳖和泥鳅的初始放养数量。  相似文献