From Zipf's law to hypsometry: seeking the ‘signature’ of elevation distribution     

Lan Mu 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1312-1328

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Quasi indicatrix approach for distortion visualization and analysis for map projections     

Ibrahim Oztug Bildirici 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):2295-2309

Tissot’s indicatrix or ellipse of distortion is a diagram that is the projection of an infinitesimal circle on the original surface. It is normally an ellipse of which elongation depends on the amount of distortion caused by map projection. It provides a medium for analyzing existing projections and developing new ones. The ellipse can be scaled and depicted on the map for visualization purposes. This paper presents an alternative approach, in which the projection of a finite small circle on the sphere is used. Its projection is normally an ellipse that can be very close to Tissot’s indicatrix, and is called quasi indicatrix, here. Its parameters can be derived from the forward projection equations without using partial derivatives. Therefore, it is a useful and practical approach from a programmer’s point of view. The quasi indicatrix approach is also numerically tested on Aitoff–Hammer projection with a set of points. The indicatrix parameters obtained by using this approach deviate 0.5% from the ground truths at most, being the average less than 0.2%.  相似文献   

In search of Thule children: Construction of playing houses as a means of socializing children     

Mariane Hardenberg 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):201-214

Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 110(2):201–214, 2010

During the last decade, the subject of the individual agent and the conveyance of knowledge have become essential concerns in prehistoric archaeology. However, children are often entirely absent or passive in archaeological interpretation when considering their participation in a variety of economic or social tasks. This paper examines the miniature playhouse structures of Thule children that date from the pre-contact Thule period of approximately 1400–1800 AD. Implemented during the 2008field season, the study explored the region of Wollaston Forland in Northeast Greenland. Previous research suggested the arrangement of these features most likely referenced superstitious or spiritual activity. However, this study reveals the concept and organization of these features in the landscape, and offers insight into specifically arranged constructions that depict miniature versions of Thule houses.  相似文献   

超高压矿物研究进展     

陈鸣 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(5):428-432

我国超高压矿物研究近十年来取得了重要进展.参与发现了5个超高压新矿物及若干待命名高压相,被国际矿物协会新矿物、命名与分类委员会批准和命名的超高压矿物包括涂氏磷钙石、塞石英、玲根石、谢氏超晶石、阿考寨石等.在冲击变质陨石中发现了后尖晶石结构的超高压相,即谢氏超晶石和CF相,引起了高压地质学及大地构造学界的关注.揭示了从冲击成因二氧化硅熔体中结晶的柯石英,合理地限定了冲击变质成因柯石英的形成压力温度条件,为我国首个地外天体撞击构造——岫岩陨石坑的证实提供了关键的矿物物理证据.  相似文献   

漠河盆地科学钻探井MK-1地下冷环境中嗜热微生物的多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李建华  张亚丽  吕杰  杨红兵 《冰川冻土》2012,34(3):726-731

在漠河盆地科学钻探井MK-1地下110m冷环境样品中发现大量嗜热微生物存在的证据,针对这些冷环境中的嗜热菌进行了克隆文库分析和分离培养,分别用细菌和古菌16SrDNA引物PCR扩增.结果表明:未发现古菌16SrDNA存在,而嗜热细菌与栖热菌属(Thermus),地芽孢杆菌属(Geoba-cillus)和厌氧芽孢杆菌属(Anoxybacillus)有较近的亲缘关系,通过分离培养分离出3种地芽孢杆菌属(Geobacillus)的细菌,其相似度均为100%.嗜热微生物多存在于地下温暖有机质丰富的生态系统中,了解它们的来源、分布机制及其多样性对于能源和资源的寻找在一定程度上具有指示意义.  相似文献   

Application of 50 multi-dimensional discrimination diagrams and significance tests: deciphering compositional similarities and differences between Hawaiian and Icelandic volcanism     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1553-1572

As an innovative approach, I use multi-dimensional diagrams presented by our group during 2004–2013 and respective probability estimates for the newer diagrams to evaluate similarities and differences between the same magma types (subalkaline basalt, basic magma other than subalkaline basalt, and intermediate magma) from the Hawaiian Islands and Iceland. The known ocean island setting of the Hawaiian Islands was reproduced from these 50 multi-dimensional diagrams for basic, intermediate, and acid magmas. The possible influence of the mid-ocean ridge system on Icelandic magmas was also confirmed from the diagrams for basic rocks. Evaluating magma compositional similarities and differences between the Hawaiian Islands and Iceland was complemented by the application of significance tests. Statistical inferences for the chemical elements and, more importantly, their log-ratios, successfully explained the similarities and differences in the tectonic settings for these two regions.  相似文献   

尼古拉兹圆管沿程水流阻力实验的新发现     

万军伟  黄琨  李银泉  毛迪凡  沈仲智  陈崇希 《地质科技情报》2012,(5):157-161

关于圆管沿程阻力系数的变化规律至今一直沿用尼古拉兹(Nikuradse)的实验结果。在参考尼古拉兹实验的基础上,采用与其相似的制作工艺,设计并制作了相对粗糙度Δ/d为1/30.89的人工粗糙圆管,开展了不同流速条件下的水流阻力实验,验证了尼古拉兹关于圆管沿程水流阻力随水流流态变化的规律,同时发现尼古拉兹当年在人工粗糙圆管制作过程中采用的"二次刷胶"粘贴砂粒的方法,使得圆管内壁砂粒的实际粗糙度减小,其实验所得的圆管沿程阻力系数偏小。本次圆管沿程阻力系数确定的实验方法能够更准确地获得人工粗糙圆管沿程阻力系数,今后可以据此开展相应的系统实验,对尼古拉兹人工粗糙圆管沿程阻力系数及其变化规律加以修正。  相似文献   

卫星重力测量的应用进展     

徐海军  张永志  段虎荣  薛建华 《物探与化探》2012,(1):54-58,64

介绍了CHAMP、GRACE和GOCE三颗重力卫星,评述了卫星重力数据在恢复地球重力场模型,测定陆地水储量变化,研究大地水准面变化、弹性厚度、地壳厚度,地震前后重力场的变化、地壳运动等方面的应用,以及一系列卓有成效的研究成果,认为卫星重力探测技术相对传统的重力测量具有得天独厚的优势,将会有更大的应用空间。  相似文献   

Unsaturated hydro-mechanical-chemo coupled constitutive model with consideration of osmotic flow     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2013

Since low permeability rock has the potential to behave as an actual semi-permeable osmotic membrane, chemical osmosis may have an effect on water flow and needs to be accounted for in analysis. Hence, an advanced fully coupled formulation for modelling unsaturated hydro, chemical and mechanical effects is here presented based on modified mixture theory. Firstly, the classical Darcy’s law has been modified to include the chemical potential. Secondly, the mechanical deformation, which affects the permeability, has been coupled with the water and chemical flows by using Helmholtz free energy and the Gibbs–Duhem equation. Finally, an illustrative numerical example with relevance to radioactive waste disposal has been analysed to investigate the performance of the coupled formulation and the relative influence of parameters.  相似文献   

Les vertébrés continentaux de l’Adrar Mgorn (Maroc,Paléocène); une dispersion de mammifères transtéthysienne aux environs de la limite mésozoïque/ cénozoïque ?     

Emmanuel Gheerbrant 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4-5):233-246

Résumé

— Le gisement paléocène sud-marocain de l’Adrar Mgorn recèle les plus anciens Mammifères placentaires africains, dont la plupart sont les premiers reconnus dans le domaine sud-téthysien. L’identification, parmi eux, d’« Insectivores » paléoryctidés, très proches des genres strictement nord-américains Cimolestes et Palaeoryctes (Crétacé supérieur et/ou Paléocène), suggère une liaison par voie continentale des domaines nord-américain et africain autour de la limite Crétacé supérieur/Tertiaire. Celle-ci suppose une traversée transtéthysienne dont nous discutons les possibilités à la lumière des données paléogéographiques.  相似文献