南沙群岛微型与超微型真核藻类遗传多样性的初步研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

袁洁  邵鹏  陈月琴  蔡创华  屈良鹄 《海洋科学》2003,27(7):43-47

用分子生物学方法建立了南沙海域5号采样点附近海域的微型、超微型真核藻类18S rDNA库，采用RFLP和基因测序的手段对其遗传多样性进行了初步探讨。研究表明南沙海域的微型、超微型藻类的遗传多样性十分丰富，而且尚有大量未获培养的、分类位置未知的物种有待研究。  相似文献   

厦门岛南岸地下水的氢氧同位素的示踪研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

蔡明刚  黄奕普  陈敏  刘广山  金德秋 《海洋科学》2003,27(9):1-6

实测了厦门岛沿岸地区地下水的氢、氧稳定同位素组成，并据此开展了沿岸地下水水文学的同位素示踪研究。对地下水、海水及大气降水的δD～δ^18O方程进行数理分析后表明，大气降水是厦门沿海浅层地下水的主要来源。利用稳定同位素质量平衡模型，估算9810号台风所致降水对地下水的贡献。结合水文资料，通过地下水氢、氧同位素组成的时空分布特征，验证了地下水由北向南运移并最终排入沿岸海域的运移途径。研究还初步探讨了地下水稳定同位素组成对潮汐变化的响应。  相似文献   

长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissima)和新月细柱藻(Cylindrotheca closterium)分子分类研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李海涛  杨官品  石媛嫄  吴岁寒  孙颖 《海洋湖沼通报》2006,(3):67-72

本研究自胶州湾分离了两种底栖硅藻,形态学初步鉴定为长菱形藻和新月细柱藻。对其18S rDNA和rbcL基因进行了测序并用邻接法构建了系统树。结果表明,两藻在18S rD-NA和rbcL基因序列上均存在较大的差异,基于DNA序列的分类结果与形态学分类结果一致。在依据形态指标难以确定藻类分类地位的情况下,18S rDNA和rbcL基因序列是有用的鉴定工具。  相似文献   

Nitrate transport in the unsaturated zone: a case study of the riverbank filtration system Karany,Czech Republic     

Frantisek Buzek  Renata Kadlecova  Ivana Jackova  Zdena Lnenickova 《水文研究》2012,26(5):640-651

Nitrate transport in the unsaturated zone of a riverbank filtration (RBF) system in Karany, Czech Republic, was studied. Previous study of the system estimated RBF recharge as 60% riverbank filtrate and 40% local groundwater contaminated by nitrates. Nitrate concentrations observed in RBF recently cannot be explained by simple groundwater contamination and a new conception of groundwater recharge is suggested. A two‐component model based on water ¹⁸O data modelled recharge of local groundwater. One component of groundwater recharge is rainfall and irrigation water moving through the unsaturated zone of the Quaternary sediments in piston flow. The second component is groundwater from the Cretaceous deposits with a free water table. Both the components of groundwater recharge have different nitrate concentrations, and resulting contamination of groundwater depends on the participation of water from Quaternary and Cretaceous deposits. Nitrates' origins and their mixing in the subsurface were traced by ¹⁵N data. Nitrate transport from the unsaturated zone is important and time variable source of groundwater contamination. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Precipitation stable isotope variability and subcloud evaporation processes in a semi‐arid region          下载免费PDF全文

Jagoda Crawford  Suzanne E. Hollins  Karina T. Meredith  Catherine E. Hughes 《水文研究》2017,31(1):20-34

The stable isotopic (²H/¹H and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O) composition of precipitation has been used for a variety of hydrological and paleoclimate studies, a starting point for which is the behaviour of stable isotopes in modern precipitation. To this end, daily precipitation samples were collected over a 7‐year period (2008–2014) at a semi‐arid site located at the Macquarie Marshes, New South Wales (Australia). The samples were analysed for stable isotope composition, and factors affecting the isotopic variability were investigated. The best correlation between δ ¹⁸O of precipitation was with local surface relative humidity. The reduced major axis precipitation weighted local meteoric water line was δ ²H = 7.20 δ ¹⁸O + 9.1. The lower slope and intercept (when compared with the Global Meteoric Water Line) are typical for a warm dry climate, where subcloud evaporation of raindrops is experienced. A previously published model to estimate the degree of subcloud evaporation and the subsequent isotopic modification of raindrops was enhanced to include the vertical temperature and humidity profile. The modelled results for raindrops of 1.0 mm radius showed that on average, the measured D‐excess (=δ ²H ? 8 δ ¹⁸O) was 19.8‰ lower than that at the base of the cloud, and 18% of the moisture was evaporated before ground level (smaller effects were modelled for larger raindrops). After estimating the isotopic signature at the base of the cloud, a number of data points still plotted below the global meteoric water line, suggesting that some of the moisture was sourced from previously evaporated water. Back trajectory analysis estimated that 38% of the moisture was sourced over land. Precipitation samples for which a larger proportion of the moisture was sourced over land were ¹⁸O and ²H‐enriched in comparison to samples for which the majority of the moisture was sourced over the ocean. The most common weather systems resulting in precipitation were inland trough systems; however, only East Coast Lows contributed to a significant difference in the isotopic values. Copyright © 2016 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. Hydrological Processes. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Mid–late Holocene monsoon climate retrieved from seasonal Sr/Ca and δO records of Porites lutea corals at Leizhou Peninsula, northern coast of South China Sea     

Ke-Fu Yu  Jian-Xin Zhao  Gang-Jian Wei  Xin-Rong Cheng  Pin-Xian Wang   《Global and Planetary Change》2005,47(2-4):301

South China Sea (SCS) is a major moisture source region, providing summer monsoon rainfall throughout Mainland China, which accounts for more than 80% total precipitation in the region. We report seasonal to monthly resolution Sr/Ca and δ¹⁸O data for five Holocene and one modern Porites corals, each covering a growth history of 9–13 years. The results reveal a general decreasing trend in sea surface temperature (SST) in the SCS from 6800 to 1500 years ago, despite shorter climatic cycles. Compared with the mean Sr/Ca–SST in the 1990s (24.8 °C), 10-year mean Sr/Ca–SSTs were 0.9–0.5 °C higher between 6.8 and 5.0 thousand years before present (ky BP), dropped to the present level by 2.5 ky BP, and reached a low of 22.6 °C (2.2 °C lower) by 1.5 ky BP. The summer Sr/Ca–SST maxima, which are more reliable due to faster summer-time growth rates and higher sampling resolution, follow the same trend, i.e. being 1–2 °C higher between 6.8 and 5.0 ky BP, dropping to the present level by 2.5 ky BP, and reaching a low of 28.7 °C (0.7 °C lower) by 1.5 ky BP. Such a decline in SST is accompanied by a similar decrease in the amount of monsoon moisture transported out of South China Sea, resulting in a general decrease in the seawater δ¹⁸O values, reflected by offsets of mean δ¹⁸O relative to that in the 1990s. This observation is consistent with general weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon since early Holocene, in response to a continuous decline in solar radiation, which was also found in pollen, lake-level and loess/paleosol records throughout Mainland China. The climatic conditions 2.5 and 1.5 ky ago were also recorded in Chinese history. In contrast with the general cooling trend of the monsoon climate in East Asia, SST increased dramatically in recent time, with that in the 1990s being 2.2 °C warmer than that 1.5 ky ago. This clearly indicates that the increase in the concentration of anthropogenic greenhouse gases played a dominant role in recent global warming, which reversed the natural climatic trend in East Asian monsoon regime.  相似文献   

Hydraulic redistribution by deeply rooted grasses and its ecohydrologic implications in the southern Great Plains of North America     

Erik Oerter  Eric Slessarev  Ate Visser  Kyungjin Min  Megan Kan  Karis J. McFarlane  Malay C. Saha  Asmeret Asefaw Berhe  Jennifer Pett-Ridge  Erin Nuccio 《水文研究》2021,35(9):e14366

Perennial bioenergy crops with deep (>1 m) rooting systems, such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), are hypothesized to increase carbon storage in deep soil. Deeply rooted plants may also affect soil hydrology by accessing deep soil water for transpiration, which can affect soil water content and infiltration in deep soil layers, thereby affecting groundwater recharge. Using stable H and O isotope (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) and ³H values, we studied the soil water conditions at 20–30 cm intervals to depths of 2.4–3.6 m in paired fields of switchgrass and shallow rooted crops at three sites in the southern Great Plains of North America. We found that soil under switchgrass had consistently higher soil water content than nearby soil under shallow-rooted annual crops by a margin of 15%–100%. Soil water content and isotopic depth profiles indicated that hydraulic redistribution of deep soil water by switchgrass roots explained these observed soil water differences. To our knowledge, these are the first observations of hydraulic redistribution in deeply rooted grasses, and complement earlier observations of dynamic soil water fluxes under shallow-rooted grasses. Hydraulic redistribution by switchgrass may be a strategy for drought avoidance, wherein the plant may actively prevent water limitation. This raises the possibility that deeply rooted grasses may be used to passively subsidize soil water to more shallow-rooted species in inter-cropping arrangements.  相似文献   

浮游软体动物长角螺属(Clio)种类的分类学和谱系地理学     

高阳  李海涛  姜重臣  陈志云  李宏俊 《海洋学报》2020,42(2):96-105

许多终生浮游软体动物接近全球分布或呈环球分布,是海洋酸化和谱系地理学研究的良好材料。本文以西北太平洋和北印度洋的长角螺属(Clio)种类为材料,通过测定其线粒体COI基因(mtCOI,55条)和核18S rRNA基因(9条)序列,结合数据库中已有的序列,对该属进行了分类学和谱系地理学研究。结果表明,矛头长角螺(C. pyramidata)和尖棘长角螺(C. cuspidata)在mtCOI基因系统树中均形成4个明显分化的谱系分支,分别为支系A–D和支系E–H。矛头长角螺的支系A为全球分布,中国海及邻近海域可能仅有支系A的存在,支系B、C和D分布于特定海域。尖棘长角螺也存在明显的谱系地理结构,西北太平洋北赤道流南北两侧存在2个不同的支系,分布于吕宋海峡的支系E为一新的谱系分支。各支系内mtCOI基因的K2P遗传距离在0~0.026之间,支系间的遗传距离在0.031~0.089之间。膨凸长角螺(C. convexa)和曲形长角螺(C. recurva)没有明显的地理遗传分化。18S rRNA基因支持支系D为独立种,但不支持其他支系的划分。矛头长角螺和尖棘长角螺内部可能存在隐存多样性。洋流可能会成为物种扩布和基因交流的障碍。  相似文献   

Effects of clear-cutting,meteorological, and physiological factors on evapotranspiration in the Kamabuchi experimental watershed in northern Japan     

Tayoko Kubota  Akira Kagawa  Toshio Abe  Ikuhiro Hosoda 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14111

This study investigated the effects of clear-cutting and the meteorological and physiological factors on forest evapotranspiration (ET), by using the water-budget method in the Kamabuchi experimental watershed (KMB; 38° 56′ 21″ N, 140° 15′ 58″ E) in northern Japan. Meteorological and discharge data collected during no-snow periods (from June to October) from 1939 were used to compare ET in three sub-watersheds: No. 1, where the forest had been left undisturbed, and No. 2 and No. 3, where Cryptomeria japonica was planted after clear-cutting. Paired watershed experiments revealed that clear-cutting caused ET to decrease by approximately 100 mm yr⁻¹, and this reduction continued for more than 20 years, even after C. japonica was planted. ET fluctuated similarly across all watersheds, regardless of clear-cutting or planting. This fluctuation is mainly caused by solar radiation and temperature. Intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) calculated using δ¹³C of tree-ring cellulose in C. japonica increased due to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration. We estimated annual carbon fixation in a single tree as the annual net photosynthesis (A). Subsequently, transpiration (E) was calculated from the relationship between iWUE and A. The results showed that A and E per tree increased as the tree grew older; however, the trees' responses to increasing c_a suppress the increase in ET. Moreover, the fluctuation of ET from the watershed was small compared to the fluctuation of P during the observation periods because the increase and decrease in E and interception loss complemented each other.  相似文献   

Spatial variation of abundant picoeukaryotes in the subtropical Kuroshio Current in winter     

Ya-Fan Chan  Chih-Ching Chung  Gwo-Ching Gong  Ching-Wei Hsu 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(1):e12579

To understand the importance of picoeukaryotes in the biogeochemical cycle in the subtropical Kuroshio Current, a year-round survey of the hydrography and the distribution of picoeukaryotes were conducted in four oceanographic cruises from October 2012 to July 2013. In comparison with other seasons, the highest abundancy of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes, with concentrations >10⁴ cells/ml, was observed around the eastern boundary of the Kuroshio in the winter. Accordingly, the composition of picoeukaryotes in this cold season was further studied by a metabarcoding analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. The majority of picoeukaryotes comprised Alveolata, followed by Haptophyta and Stramenopiles. Their composition was diverse in the waters affected by the Kuroshio and in the offshore province. For Haptophyta, in contrast to clade A prevailing in the Kuroshio waters, clade B1, which was considered the host of uncultivated diazotrophic cyanobacterium group A (UCYN-A), appeared only in the offshore area. Similarly, in Stramenopiles, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and MAST-1D, respectively, dominated in the Kuroshio-influenced and offshore areas. While Alveolata was the most abundant group, the distributions of all lineages were similar. The association between picoeukaryote succession and hydrographic change is yet to be fully understood. Our results will assist future studies on the community composition of picoplankton and their relationship with marine ecology in the region.  相似文献