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101.
102.
苟浩锋 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(1):108-114
利用兰州地区2013—2018年4—10月139个自动气象站逐时累积降水量和降水小时数资料,通过K均值聚类分析方法进行二维聚类分区,分析不同区域降水精细化时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)K均值聚类方法将兰州地区降水划分为3个区域,年平均降水量分别为246、317和427 mm,降水小时数分别为306、404和454 h。分区结果同地理位置、地形高度相适应,与主观分区结果较一致但更加科学精细;(2)3个区域降水分布特征相似,但也存在较明显的地域性差异,降水量集中在7—8月,分别占46%、45%、44%,降水小时数集中在6—9月,分别占55%、53%和53%;(3)从日变化特征看,降水量、降水小时数、降水强度的高值分别集中在7—8月的午后至前半夜、7月的16—17时、8月的00—04时和16—23时。 相似文献
103.
The clustering of mineral occurrences and their spatial associations with particular geological features are critical aspects of mineral distributions for exploration and understanding ore genesis. Variations in the degree of clustering of mineral occurrences or geological features can be measured by fractal dimensions, obtained from a shifting box counting method. Spatial associations between mineral occurrences and geological features can be quantified by the weights of evidence (WofE) method using the contrast value, which increases with the strength of the spatial relationship. A new method is proposed to evaluate mineral occurrence distributions by combining the power of fractal analysis of clustering with the WofE approach. The method compares the correlation between the variation in degree of clustering of mineral occurrences and a geological feature in a study area, with the contrast value of the same feature. The possible outcomes can be simplified into four scenarios, depending on whether the correlation in variation of clustering and the contrast are high or low, respectively. Each outcome has specific exploration implications. If either a high correlation in variation of clustering or a high contrast value is obtained, the geological feature can be used for exploration targeting.The integrated fractal and WofE approach is applied to copper occurrences in the Proterozoic Mount Isa Inlier, NW Queensland, Australia, which hosts large numbers of copper deposits (1,869 occurrences), including the world class Mount Isa copper deposit. Variation in clustering of copper occurrences has a positive correlation with variation in clustering of fault bends (R = 0.823), fault intersections (R = 0.862) and mafic rocks (R = 0.885). WofE results indicate that the copper occurrences are spatially associated with fault intersections and bends and with mafic rocks. Analyses were carried out separately for the two major lithostratigraphic sequences in the Inlier, the Eastern and Western Successions. The Western Succession copper occurrences are apparently more clustered than those of the Eastern Succession, which may reflect a lower degree of exploration and/or geological factors. The association of copper occurrences with mafic rocks compared with fault bends and intersections is greater in the Eastern Succession, which may reflect genetic factors. Correlations in the variation of clustering of mineral occurrences and geological features have a linear relationship with the contrast values, and the spatial association between all geological features and copper occurrences constitute high correlation/high contrast cases. The linear relationship suggests that the geological features that control the clustering of the copper occurrences could be the same features that control their localization. 相似文献
104.
地震相分析技术是储层预测的一种重要方法,可以用来描述有利沉积相带的分布规律.传统的地震相聚类分析方法对大数据的处理运算速度较慢,且容易陷入局部极小值,造成聚类分析的结构不准确.本文提出基于自组织神经网络(SOM)和粒子群优化方法(PSO)相结合的地震相分析技术,利用自组织神经网络能够保持原始地震数据的拓扑结构特性的特点,将大量冗余样本压缩为小样本数据,再通过粒子群的全局寻优能力改善K均值聚类的效果.理论模型和实际应用表明该方法能既有效实现数据压缩,又能提供较为准确的全局解,在地震相预测中兼顾计算效率和计算精度. 相似文献
105.
2008年盈江地震序列的震源参数和震源机制相关系数研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于云南数字地震台网记录的2008年盈江地震序列的数字波形资料, 采用波谱分析方法和Brune震源模型, 得到盈江地震序列的震源参数。 利用两次地震事件的相同台站的震源谱参数(零频振幅)计算谱振幅相关系数, 据此对地震的震源机制进行聚类分组, 并收集和对比地震序列已知的震源机制解结果, 发现每组内震源机制解P轴的相关性较好, 且相关系数越大, P轴的方位角就越接近。 将盈江地区划分为三个研究区, 联合震源参数的应力降和聚类分组中每组的平均震源机制解结果研究地震序列发生过程中应力的释放水平和应力场方向变化特征。 结果表明: 不同阶段震源机制解类型的变化和转化特征一定程度上反映了孕震过程中区域应力场随时间的变化特征, 并且地震震源机制解类型在时间段上的集中并向区域构造应力场方向转换的现象可能是发生强震的标志。 震源机制解分组类型和对应类型的地震的应力降有一定依赖关系, 震源机制解类型反映的应力场与区域应力场接近的地震应力降高, 震源机制解类型反映的应力场与区域应力场差距较大的地震应力降普遍较低。 相似文献
106.
Clustering debris-flow events, namely many debris flows simultaneously triggered by a regional rainstorm in a large-scale mountainous area, occurred in four regions of Wenchuan earthquake stricken areas in 2008 and 2010. The characteristics of the clustering debris flows are examined with regard to triggering rainfall, formation process, and relationship with the earthquake by field survey and remote sensing interpretation. It is found that the clustering events occurred nearly at the same time with the local peak rainstorms, and the rainfall intensity-duration bottom limit line for clustering debris flows is higher than the worldwide line. It means that more rainfall is needed for the occurrence of the clustering debris flows. Four kinds of major formation processes for these debris flows are summarized： tributary-dominated, mainstream- dominated, transformation from slope failures, and mobilization or liquefaction of landslide. The four regions has a spatial correlation with the strong- quake-influenced zone with the peak ground acceleration = 0.2 g and the seismic intensity 〉 X. 相似文献
107.
Retrieval of small-relief marsh morphology from Terrestrial Laser Scanner, optimal spatial filtering, and laser return intensity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Marshes are ubiquitous landforms in estuaries and lagoons, where important hydrological, morphological and ecological processes take place. These areas attenuate sea action on the coast and act as sediment trapping zones. Due to their ecosystem functions and effects on coastal stabilization, marshes are crucial structures in tidal environments, both biologically and geomorphologically, and are fundamental elements in wetland restoration and coastal realignment schemes. The spatially-distributed study of the geomorphology of intertidal areas using remotely-sensed digital terrain models remains problematic, owing to their small relief, often of the order of a few tens of centimetres, and to the presence of short and dense vegetation, which strongly reduces the number of resolvable ground returns. Here, we use high-resolution Terrestrial Laser Scanning ( 200 returns/m2) to retrieve a high-resolution and high-accuracy Digital Terrain Model within a tidal marsh in the Venice lagoon. To this aim we apply a new filtering scheme to Terrestrial Laser Scanner data which selects the lowest values within moving windows, whose optimal size is determined with the aid of a limited number of ancillary Differential GPS data in order to maximize resolution while ensuring the identification of true ground returns. The accuracy of the filtered data is further refined using classifications of the intensity of the returns to extract additional information on the surface (ground or canopy) originating the returning laser beam. Validations against about 200 reference Differential GPS ground elevation observations indicates that the best separation of canopy and ground signals is obtained using a low-pass filter with window size of the order of 1 m and the maximum likelihood classifier to further refine the detection of ground returns. In this case the average estimation error is about 1 cm (slight overestimation of ground elevation), while its standard deviation is about 3 cm. Our approach allows the separation of laser returns coming from the low marsh vegetation from those coming from the marsh surface. The overall result is a new observation technique producing Digital Terrain and Digital Surface Models in areas with very small relief, which is shown to provide unprecedented high-resolution and high-accuracy characterizations of marsh morphology. 相似文献
108.
Huan-Xin Weng Xue-Wen Ma Qun Cheng Jiu J. Jiao Ya-Chao Qin 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(8):1111-1119
The shallow groundwater in Hangzhou area has the characteristics of high mineralization, high salinity and high contents of iron and manganese. Statistical analyses and the experiments of simulation show that the Holocene transgressive strata has a crucial effect on the formation of chemical composition of the shallow groundwater in the plain area of Hanghzhou. The degree of transgression is in consonance with the variation tendency of the thickness of the transgressive strata. The chemical compositions of the subsurface water in the hilly area depend on the lithology of the aquifers. 相似文献
109.
定量分析地震活动的活跃与平静特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对中国大陆、中国台湾、新西兰、意大利和葡萄牙等不同地区的原始地震目录做震源深度和震级记录完整时间分析及删除余震的基础上，通过聚类分析方法定量考察各个研究区域内中强地震的活跃与平静特征，得到了这些地区地震活跃时段Ta、活跃时段内相邻地震间隔时间t和平静时段Tq的分布及其置信区间。并用时间间隔分析法，在假设“地震活动时间分布的活跃与平静特征是一平稳随机过程”条件下，计算了各研究区域在活跃时段内发生的理论地震数目N′和各地区全部实际地震发生的概率P。结果发现地震活动时间分布的活跃与平静特征不服从平稳随机过程。 相似文献
110.