中国大陆中长期地震活动的群集特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹志华  傅征祥 《地震》1999,19(4):338-344

主要研究中国华北地区和南北地震带中长期地震活动的时间特征。选取华北地区和南北地震带二个地震活动地区1970年以来有仪器记录的完整地震目录。作相关地震删除后对于不同起始震级分别计算不同时-空尺度下观测地震数N_p 与泊松分布下理论地震数n_p 的比值(称为时-空“矩”),结果表明无论华北还是南北地震带,无论起始震级是ML 3. 0或ML 4. 0,所有的地震活动过程都显示群集特征N_p/n_p> 1。地震活动随时间呈指数分布,具有标度不变性,分维数在0. 2～0. 7之间变化。  相似文献   

Pattern recognition of seismogenic nodes using Kohonen selforganizing map: example in west and south west of Alborz region          下载免费PDF全文

Mostafa Allamehzadeh  Soma Durudi  Leila Mahshadnia 《地震科学（英文版）》2017,30(3):145-155

Pattern recognition of seismic and morphostructural nodes plays an important role in seismic hazard assessment. This is a known fact in seismology that tectonic nodes are prone areas to large earthquake and have this potential. They are identified by morphostructural analysis. In this study, the Alborz region has considered as studied case and locations of future events are forecast based on Kohonen Self-Organized Neural Network. It has been shown how it can predict the location of earthquake, and identifies seismogenic nodes which are prone to earthquake of M5.5+ at the West of Alborz in Iran by using International Institute Earthquake Engineering and Seismology earthquake catalogs data. First, the main faults and tectonic lineaments have been identified based on MZ (land zoning method) method. After that, by using pattern recognition, we generalized past recorded events to future in order to show the region of probable future earthquakes. In other word, hazardous nodes have determined among all nodes by new catalog generated Self-organizing feature maps (SOFM). Our input data are extracted from catalog, consists longitude and latitude of past event between 1980-2015 with magnitude larger or equal to 4.5. It has concluded node D1 is candidate for big earthquakes in comparison with other nodes and other nodes are in lower levels of this potential.  相似文献   

基于非监督学习的水力压裂裂缝平面识别     

马孜卓  郑忆康  薛清峰  翟鸿宇  雷兴林 《中国地震》2021,37(2):322-331

在水力压裂施工中,如何有效获取压裂过程中产生的裂缝形态以及裂缝的动态扩展过程一直是困扰学术界和工业界的问题。目前,常规利用微地震事件定位结果进行分析的方法存在需要人工干预、散点信息表示能力不足等问题;采用数值模拟分析的方法往往因复杂的地下介质情况而引入计算偏差。本文基于非监督学习算法,通过提取微地震事件的空间和时间信息,实现对裂缝平面的识别以及裂缝网络拓展路径的分析;并通过引入水力压裂岩石物理实验,利用实际监测获得的声发射数据以及对应的真实破裂情况的CT扫描数据,检验方法的可行性。最终结果表明,本文所提方法对主断裂有较好的识别效果,识别结果与CT扫描的真实结果吻合性较好。  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of deformation bands in damage zones of extensional faults in porous sandstones: Statistical analysis of field data     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2013

The distribution of deformation bands in damage zones of extensional faults in porous sandstones has been analyzed using 106 outcrop scanlines along which the position and frequency of deformation bands have been recorded. The analysis reveals a non-linear relationship between damage zone width and fault throw, a logarithmic decrease in deformation band frequency away from the fault core, as well as a fractal spatial distribution associated with clustering of the deformation bands. Furthermore, damage zones appear wider in the hanging wall than in the footwall, although the deformation band density is similar on both sides. Statistical trends derived from the database imply that fault growth in porous sandstones can be considered as a scale invariant process. From an initial process zone, the damage zone grows by a constant balance between the development of new deformation bands in the existing damage zone and the creation of new bands outside. Moreover, as the width of the damage zone increases throughout the active lifetime of a fault, the distribution of the deformation bands in the damage zone remains self-similar. Hence band distribution and damage zone width for seismically mapped faults can be predicted from the relationships found in this paper.  相似文献   

Application of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for prediction of a rock engineering classification system     

H. Jalalifar  S. Mojedifar  A.A. Sahebi  H. Nezamabadi-pour 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

The rock engineering classification system is based on six parameters defined by Bieniawski [5], who employed parallel sets of linguistic and numerical criteria that were acknowledged to influence the behaviour of rock masses and the stability of rock structures. Consequently, experts frequently relate rock joints and discontinuities as well as ground water conditions in linguistic terms, with rough calculations. Recently, intelligence system approaches such as artificial neural network (ANN) and neuro-fuzzy methods have been used successfully for time series modelling. Using neuro-fuzzy approaches, which enable the information that is stored in trained networks to be expressed in the form of a fuzzy rule base, would help to overcome this issue. This paper presents the results of a study of the application of neuro-fuzzy methods to predict rock mass rating. We note that the proposed weights technique was applied in this process. We show that neuro-fuzzy methods give better predictions than conventional modelling approaches.  相似文献   

1962-2011年湖南省大暴雨时空分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

李巧媛  唐明晖 《气象与环境学报》2013,29(3):52-57

利用1962-2011年湖南省97个气象站逐日降水量资料,利用时序分析与聚类分析等方法,对湖南省大暴雨时间和空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明：从时间来看,20世纪90年代是湖南省大暴雨出现最多的10 a;1962-2011年,湖南省大暴雨日以0.73 d/10 a的平均速率增加。夏季是湖南省大暴雨最集中的季节;冬季没有出现过大暴雨;6-7月为大暴雨最集中的月份。从空间来看,湖南省西北部和东北部是大暴雨的两个高频区;湖南大暴雨划分为三季型、双季型和单季型3种类型,依次主要分布在湖南省西南部、中部地区以及西北部和东南部。  相似文献   

中国南方地区盛夏高温类型及其对应的大尺度环流和海温异常     

贾子康  郑志海  封国林 《气象学报》2020,78(6):928-944

利用中国2374个站点的日最高气温资料、NCEP/NCAR大气环流资料以及NOAA海表温度资料,分析了中国南方盛夏高温的主要类型,比较了各类型高温对应的大尺度环流以及与海表温度异常信号的联系。结果表明:中国南方地区年高温日数有明显的增多趋势,利用聚类分析将中国南方盛夏高温分为江淮型、华南型和华中型3类。江淮型高温中心区域位于江淮地区,该类型高温空间范围大、发生频次高,典型的环流系统为高、低空呈现异常反气旋,西太平洋副热带高压（西太副高）偏强偏西,南北位置略偏北。该类型高温是西太副高直接控制下的高温类型,与前冬到夏季中部型厄尔尼诺衰减和春季赤道大西洋地区海温偏高有关。华南型高温中心区域在江南南部到华南地区,典型的环流系统是东亚副热带急流的位置偏南,西太副高偏强、偏西和脊线偏南,华南型高温也是西太副高直接控制下的高温,且伴随着西南季风的减弱,干热特征明显,该类型高温与东部型厄尔尼诺衰减及其与之相联系的印度洋“电容器”效应密切相关。华中型高温主要位于湖北和湖南两省,对应的环流型为西太副高偏弱、偏东,在中高纬度与北大西洋-欧亚遥相关型类似,是大陆高压控制下的高温,使得水汽条件比另两类高温好。北大西洋-欧亚遥相关型是华中型高温的可能信号源。   相似文献   

中国北方几种主要森林群落表土花粉组合特征研究   总被引：30，自引：11，他引：19       下载免费PDF全文

许清海  李月丛  阳小兰  郑振华 《第四纪研究》2005,25(5):585-597

中国北方68个不同森林群落表土花粉研究表明,东部森林区森林群落中乔木花粉百分比多数大于30%,草本花粉百分比小于50%;草原区河谷林和低山林带乔木花粉百分比低于30%,草本植物花粉高于50%。松、云冷杉林和桦木林花粉组合中的优势成分也是群落中的优势植物;落叶松林中蒿花粉含量最高,其次为松、落叶松;山杨林中松、桦是最主要花粉类型;栎、胡桃、鹅耳枥及青檀林中,除建群种外,松是最主要的乔木花粉类型,中华卷柏也较多;阔叶杂木林与油松阔叶混交林花粉组成相似,松、桦、中华卷柏是最主要的花粉类型。降趋对应分析、主坐标分析和聚类分析研究表明云冷杉、落叶松和桦林花粉组合及所代表的生境具有一定的相似性,为最耐寒喜湿类型;沙枣、榆树疏林和草原区人工杨树林花粉组合及所代表的生境为最喜干旱类型;山杨林较桦木林略喜暖干,栎林、鹅耳枥林和青檀林较山杨林更喜暖干,胡桃楸林为所有森林类型中最喜暖类型,但喜湿性低于桦木林高于栎林。森林区松蒿比(P/A)大于0.1,草原区松蒿比小于0.1。松林、油松阔叶混交林和阔叶杂木林以高松蒿比、高蕨类与草本比值(F/H)和低蒿藜比(A/C)为特征,云冷杉、落叶松和桦林以低松蒿比、低蕨类与草本比值和高蒿藜比为特征,栎、胡桃、鹅耳枥、杨、青檀等阔叶林以高松蒿比、高蒿藜比和低蕨类与草本比值,可与落叶阔叶杂木林、油松阔叶混交林、松林、桦林和针叶林区分开。但这些比值的可操作性,有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

Space-time visualization and analysis in the Cancer Atlas Viewer     

Greiling DA  Jacquez GM  Kaufmann AM  Rommel RG 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2005,7(1):67-84

This article describes the Cancer Atlas Viewer: free, downloadable software for the exploration of United States cancer mortality data. We demonstrate the software by exploring spatio-temporal patterns in colon cancer mortality rates for African-American and white females and males in the southeastern United States over the period 1970–1995. We compare the results of two cluster statistics: the local Moran and the local G*, through time. Overall, the two statistics reach similar conclusions for most locations. Where they disagree reveals functional differences in the kinds of local spatial variation to which the statistics are sensitive and identifies some interesting patterns in the data. There are only two persistent clusters of colon cancer mortality through time, and these are clusters of low values.This project was funded by grant CA92669 from the National Cancer Institute to BioMedware, Inc. The perspectives stated in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute. Constructive criticism from Heidi Durbeck of BioMedware, Peter Rogerson of SUNY-Buffalo, and three anonymous reviewers helped us improve the interpretation and presentation of these results.  相似文献   

Classifying airborne radiometry data with Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering: A tool for geological mapping in context of rainforest (French Guiana)     

G. Martelet  C. TruffertB. Tourlière  P. LedruJ. Perrin 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006

In highly weathered environments, it is crucial that geological maps provide information concerning both the regolith and the bedrock, for societal needs, such as land-use, mineral or water resources management. Often, geologists are facing the challenge of upgrading existing maps, as relevant information concerning weathering processes and pedogenesis is currently missing. In rugged areas in particular, where access to the field is difficult, ground observations are sparsely available, and need therefore to be complemented using methods based on remotely sensed data.  相似文献