EU marine policy on the move: The tension between fisheries and maritime policy     

L. van Hoof  J. van Tatenhove 《Marine Policy》2009

In the past decade, the European Commission has developed the Marine Strategy Directive and the Maritime Policy. Both policies aim at governing the marine environment; yet the two policies have a differing signature in policy formulation and implementation. From a fisher's perspective these policies present a change in institutional setting; major policy measures no longer descend from the EU Common Fisheries Policy alone, but increasingly are derived from general environmental policy developments. In this paper, the policy arrangement approach is used to analyse the differences between the two maritime policies, and the way in which they can affect fisheries management.  相似文献   

国际海底区域环境保护制度分析与中国实践          下载免费PDF全文

万浏  刘大海  王小华  王春娟 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(2):11-17

为促进国际海底区域资源开发和环境保护的协调可持续发展,提高我国在相关领域的话语权和执行力,文章系统分析国际海底区域环境保护制度的发展特征及其存在的问题,总结我国对国际海底区域环境保护的实践和展望,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:国际海底区域环境保护制度经历萌芽、成形、发展和充实4个阶段,发展特征主要包括理念的更新、原则的完善以及义务和责任的明确,然而至今在规章环境保护条款、《联合国海洋法公约》非缔约国的环境保护权责和相关利益平衡等方面仍存在问题;我国从参与制定相关制度和开展国内法探索等方面积极实践国际海底区域环境保护;未来应从制定环境保护标准、探索政策环境和平衡各方利益等方面完善国际海底区域环境保护制度,我国应继续参与相关国际法律制度的制定以及完善国内海洋环境保护制度。  相似文献   

Application of the Common Offset Seismic Reflection Method to Urban Active Fault Surveys     

Liu Baojin 《中国地震研究》2007,21(2):196-203

The method and principle of common offset seismic surveys as well as the field data gathering and processing technique were introduced briefly. Through two urban active fault survey examples in Fuzhou and Shenyang, the efficiency and limitation of using the common offset seismic reflection technique to carry out urban active fault surveys were probed. The results show that this technique has the properties of high resolving power, better reconstruction of subsurface structures, and real-time analyzing and interpretation of investigation results on site. This method can be used to quickly locate objects under investigation accurately in the areas with thinner Quaternary overburdens and strong bedrock interface fluctuations.  相似文献   

青藏高原西部陆面过程特征的模拟分析   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11  

王澄海  师锐 《冰川冻土》2007,29(1):73-81

利用1998年5月1日至9月18日狮泉河自动气象站(AWS)的观测资料作为强迫场,运用改进的陆面过程模式CoLM(Common Land Model),对青藏高原西部的陆面特征进行了模拟研究.结果表明,该模式能够较好地模拟出高原地区的陆面特征.在高原西部地表能量平衡过程中,感热通量占主要地位,潜热通量较小,但在高原西部的湿季,潜热通量也是不可忽略的.在5月及6月初表层土壤频繁的发生水分相变,使土壤在相变过程中不断地吸收和释放潜热.降水及土壤表层频繁的冻结-消融使地表有效通量(感热+潜热)发生变化.有效辐射中的感热、潜热的分配,即Bowen会发生变化,进一步影响到对大气的加热及大气水汽输送情况,大气状况的改变又反过来影响地表蒸散及土壤持水能力,使土壤水分状态和含量发生变化.  相似文献   

Towards molecular understanding of species differences in dioxin sensitivity: initial characterization of Ah receptor cDNAs in birds and an amphibian     

S. I. Karchner  S. W. Kennedy  S. Trudeau  M. E. Hahn   《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5):51-56

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) are highly toxic to most vertebrate animals, but there are dramatic species differences in sensitivity, both within and among vertebrate classes. For example, studies in cultured avian hepatocytes have revealed differential sensitivity of birds to PHAHs [Kennedy et al. (1996). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 141, 214-230]. Differences in the characteristics or expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) could contribute to these species differences in PHAH responsiveness. To investigate the molecular mechanism of differential PHAH sensitivity, we have begun to characterize the AHR in white leghorn chicken (Gallus gallus), Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos), and common tern (Sterna hirundo), as well as an amphibian, mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus). Partial AHR cDNAs encompassing the helix-loop-helix and PAS domains were cloned and sequenced. Comparison of amino acid sequences in this region indicated a high degree of sequence conservation among the bird species (97% amino acid identity). The percent identity between bird sequences and either mouse or mudpuppy was lower (79%); the mudpuppy AHR was 74% identical to the mouse AHR. Phylogenetic analysis of these and other AHR amino acid sequences showed that the bird and mudpuppy AHRs were more closely related to mammalian and fish AHR1 forms than to fish AHR2. Future studies include the in vitro expression and functional characterization of AHRs from these and other non-mammalian vertebrates.  相似文献   

李氏禾的水土保持特性及其在新丰江水库消涨带的应用   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

方华  陈天富  林建平  冯炎基  庄宁生  谢善民 《热带地理》2003,23(3):214-217

通过在新丰江水库岸坡消涨带植被恢复的试验研究,说明李氏禾具有抗旱耐淹耐瘠的生物学特性.保证李氏禾在水淹之前具有足够长的生长期,并采取适当的技术措施使其正常生长,水库消涨带植被恢复的问题就可以解决.对李氏禾在水库岸坡消涨带植被恢复中减少坡面径流,防止水土流失,改善生态环境,提升景观价值等进行了探讨,并提出李氏禾用于植被恢复进一步工作的设想.  相似文献   

青藏高原夏季土壤有机质及砾石影响水热 传输特性的数值模拟     

马琴  刘新  李伟平  丁宝弘 《大气科学》2014,38(2):337-351

本文针对青藏高原部分地区土壤有机质和砾石含量较高的特点,在前人工作的基础上,发展了一个新的参数化方案以描述土壤有机质和砾石对土壤导热率、导水率的影响。通过对通用陆面模式CoLM中的土壤水、热参数化方案以及地表蒸发阻抗三方面的逐步改进,对青藏高原藏东南站和纳木错站两种不同下垫面进行单点数值模拟分析。对比原方案与最终优化方案的模拟结果表明:采用新方案的CoLM模式对藏东南站土壤湿度模拟性能明显提高,平均偏差减小到0.04,而对纳木错站浅层20 cm以上土壤湿度的模拟偏差略微增大。新方案在藏东南站对土壤内部温度的模拟改善较为显著,平均偏差减小了0.2℃;而在纳木错站40 cm以上有所改进。新参数化方案较好地模拟了两个观测站表面能量通量的时间变化,纳木错站7、8月份的潜热通量改进尤为明显,比原方案减少大约20 W m-2,与观测结果较为接近。  相似文献   

数字城市地理空间框架城乡规划管理信息系统的设计与应用研究     

石婷婷  洪亮  向浩 《测绘软科学研究》2014,(1):85-90

本文研究在数字城市地理空间框架相关成果的基础上,通过共享地理信息公共平台基础地理数据,提出城乡规划一张图数据库组织结构及建设标准,在共享联合的基础上实现规划项目管理信息化、规划业务审批电子化、规划决策管理一体化的建设思路与方法,并以数字黄冈地理空间框架城乡规划管理信息系统建设为示范进行系统实践应用,替代有纯文本的办公环境,以一体化的数据管理方式为规划审批与决策提供信息化手段与支持。  相似文献   

Ecosystem-based marine spatial management: Review of concepts, policies, tools, and critical issues   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stelios Katsanevakis  Vanessa Stelzenmüller  Andy South  Thomas Kirk Sørensen  Peter J.S. Jones  Sandy Kerr  Fabio Badalamenti  Christos Anagnostou  Patricia Breen  Guillem Chust  Giovanni D’Anna  Mike Duijn  Tatiana Filatova  Fabio Fiorentino  Helena Hulsman  Kate Johnson  Aristomenis P. Karageorgis  Ingrid Kröncke  Simone Mirto  Carlo Pipitone  Susan Portelli  Wanfei Qiu  Henning Reiss  Dimitris Sakellariou  Maria Salomidi  Luc van Hoof  Vassiliki Vassilopoulou  Tomás Vega Fernández  Sandra Vöge  Anke Weber  Argyro Zenetos  Remment ter Hofstede 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(11):807-820

Conventional sectoral management and piecemeal governance are considered less and less appropriate in pursuit of sustainable development. Ecosystem based marine spatial management (EB-MSM) is an approach that recognizes the full array of interactions within an ecosystem, including human uses, rather than considering single issues, species, or ecosystem services in isolation. Marine spatial planning and ocean zoning are emerging concepts that can support EB-MSM. EB-MSM is driven by high-level goals that managers aim to achieve through the implementation of measures. High-level goals and objectives need to be translated into more operational objectives before specific targets, limits and measures can be elaborated.Monitoring, evaluation and adaptation are necessary to ensure that marine management measures are both effective and efficient. Solid monitoring frameworks are the foundation of adaptive management, as they provide the necessary information to evaluate performance and the effectiveness of management actions. Marine protected areas (MPAs) - possibly set up in networks - constitute a key component in EB-MSM policies and practises and have been applied as a cornerstone in conservation of marine biodiversity, management of fish populations, development of coastal tourism, etc. Moreover, MPA experiences have provided methods and concepts (such as zoning) to a wider EB-MSM context. The assignment of values to biophysical features of the marine environment allows the direct assessment of related management choices and may assist EB-MSM.A range of monetary valuation techniques have been proposed to reduce attributes of goods and services to a single metric. However, in the marine environment such an approach is often over simplistic, and thus less reductive techniques may be necessary. Rather than producing a single metric, the results of non-monetary assessments guide policy allowing weight to be given as necessary to potential areas of conflict and consensus.Strategies to take into account climate change effects and geohazard risks in EB-MSM have been applied or proposed worldwide. EB-MSM regimes must be alert to such risks and flexible to account for changes.  相似文献   

薄覆盖层地区隐伏断层及其上断点探测的地震方法技术——以废黄河断层为例   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

顾勤平  康清清  许汉刚  刘建达  李大虎  聂碧波 《地球物理学报》2013,56(5):1609-1618

通过在同一条测线上应用三种不同地震勘探手段(共偏移距地震反射法、横波反射法与高分辨率折射法)联合反演的方法,获得了测线控制地段内废黄河断层的确切位置、上断点埋深以及速度分布图像.探测结果表明:在薄覆盖层地区的断裂调查中,上述三种技术手段的联合反演要比单独使用其中任何一种手段更加可靠,并能从不同角度查明断层的位置、性质及其特征,为钻孔联合剖面位置的布设和钻孔深度的设计提供地震学依据.经高精度钻孔联合地质剖面证实,三种地震勘探方法反演得到的主要地层界面和构造特征都与钻孔联合地质剖面吻合较好.试验表明了上述三种地震勘探方法在基岩面埋深较浅地区联合反演的可行性以及地震勘探与钻孔联合地质剖面相结合的工作方法的有效性.  相似文献