Geochemical Baselines of Nickel and Chromium in Various Surficial Materials in the Barents Region, NW Russia and Finland     

Reijo Salminen  Igor Bogatyrev  Victor Chekushin  Sergey P. Glavatskikh  Virgilija Gregorauskiene  Heikki Niskavaara  Lubov Selenok  Markku Tenhola  Olga Tomilina 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2004,28(2):333-341

The geochemical baselines of nickel and chromium were studied from the data produced by the Barents Ecogeochemistry project, a large international regional geochemical mapping exercise. The project surveyed major and trace element distributions in stream water, organic and mineralogically-modified soil horizons, and terrestrial moss in the northwestern part of Russia and in Finland. Other materials were collected during the pilot phase and later from thirty special sites. The results on respective materials by XRF, ICP-MS and ICP-AES showed that both geological and anthropogenic factors have an influence on the geochemical baseline concentrations of Ni and Cr in organic soil and stream water. The main explanation of the observed distribution patterns in terrestrial moss is human activity, but geological factors can also affect the baselines. The variation of geochemical baselines in the mineral-rich soil horizon depends only on variations in bedrock. The mineralogy of samples mainly controls the leachability properties of soil samples.  相似文献   

Polarographische Bestimmung von Nickel und Chrom in Klärschlämmen Polarographic Determination of Nickel and Chromium in Sewage Sludge     

M. Kolb  J. Mann  J. Schfer  F. Müller  G. Bogenschütz  C. Dengler 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1994,22(6):261-264

The contents of Ni and Cr in sewage sludge with high and low amounts of heavy metals were investigated by polarography. The DIN-digestion (aqua regia) was used, and the resulting solution was treated with H₂O₂/UV (90 °C, 60 min) for further destroying of the organic material. Besides, the solution of the DIN-digestion was examined with AAS (flame) and ICP-OES. With the determination of Ni it was shown that after digestion with aqua regia no further treatment with H₂O₂/UV is necessary. Contrariwise it was found that for the determination of Cr a H₂O₂/UV photolysis is necessary followed by further steps to get good agreement with AAS and ICP results as well as with the certified values of a sludge of the Community Bureau of Standards.  相似文献   

From surface acidity to surface reactivity; inhibition of oxide dissolution     

Werner Stumm 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(4):273-280

Paul Schindler's early work on the acid-base chemistry of oxides was instrumental for the development of the concept of surface complexation. This approach has not only been important in establishing a theory on the adsorption of metal ions and ligands as a function of pH and solution variables, but has become essential in establishing surface speciation (coordinative structural and electronic arrangement at the solidwater interface) which in turn determines surface reactivity. The factors that affect dissolution of Fe(III) (hydr)oxides and inhibition of dissolution are discussed. A few examples for the inhibition of reductive and ligand-promoted dissolution by binuclear complexes of oxoanions (phosphate, borate) and of protonpromoted dissolution by Cr(III) are given.  相似文献   

微波碱性体系消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定固体废物中的六价铬     

赵庆令  李清彩  谭现锋  安茂国  陈娟  毛秀丽 《岩矿测试》2021,(1):103-110

六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)是建设用地土壤及固体废物环境监测的必测指标之一,为了配套现行土壤环境质量标准,建立操作简便、准确精密的Cr(Ⅵ)前处理和分析测定方法势在必行。本文采用0.1mol/L磷酸氢二钠溶液(pH=9.0)作为提取剂,微波炉消解,在优化的微波消解温度和时间内,保证了对固体样品基体的破坏作用,将晶格中的Cr(Ⅵ)全部释放到溶液中,并有效抑制了Cr(Ⅲ)氧化。用0.45μm滤膜在pH=9.0条件进行过滤后,可以将六价铬(溶液)与三价铬(沉淀)分离,借助电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)完成样品溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的定量。结果表明:当样品量为1.00g,微波消解温度为90℃,消解时间为20min时能够保证固体废物中Cr(Ⅵ)的完全提取及准确测定。方法检出限为0.057mg/kg,相对标准偏差(n=7)低于3.20%,与HJ 687标准方法进行比对,测得的相对偏差介于-5.6%~7.6%;实际固体废物中Cr(Ⅵ)的加标回收率为94.3%~96.6%。与前人相关的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(检出限0.83mg/kg,加标回收率均值87.2%)相比,本方法的检出限更低,样品前处理时间更短,自动化程度高,可应用于环境监测领域。  相似文献   

重金属铅、铬在土壤中的迁移特征——以泉州市为例     

吴敏 《中国煤炭地质》2021,(2)

泉州市地处福建省东南部,工农业均比较发达。随着经济的发展,工矿企业遗留下来的污染问题也愈发突出。选择重金属Pb和Cr为研究对象,通过土柱实验和Hydrus-1D软件模拟,研究其在红壤和风沙土中的迁移特征。结果表明:重金属Cr在土壤剖面中的迁移速率和迁移量变化明显,尤其是风沙土,重金属Cr可以在两个月左右迁移至土壤剖面底部(80cm土层厚度)进入地下含水层;而重金属Pb在土壤剖面中的迁移速率很慢,迁移量也不大,污染源产生的污染物绝大多数在研究期内均被表层土壤吸附。因此在场地污染调查、评价和修复时,重金属Pb主要应该针对污染场地表层土壤层,而重金属Cr主要应考虑地下水,尤其是风沙土区域的地下水,且应于污染初期进行污染控制。  相似文献   

地下水中稳定铬同位素的生物地球化学作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐芬  马腾  Andre Ellis  刘存富  高永娟  李理 《地学前缘》2012,19(4):183-193

铬是地下水中常见的一种变价重金属污染物,在自然界中广泛分布且应用广泛。将Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ)是地下水铬污染防治中的主要策略。在Cr(Ⅵ)的非生物还原过程中存在铬同位素分馏现象,通过地下水中铬同位素组成的变化情况可以定量地指示Cr(Ⅵ)的还原程度和速率。这被认为是一个重要发现,在地下水铬污染防治中有着广阔的应用前景。文中对铬与铬的来源、地下水中铬同位素的测定方法、铬同位素的生物地球化学作用、铬同位素在地下水污染防治中的应用等进行了系统综述。研究认为：微生物广泛参与地下水中铬的氧化与还原作用,并有可能产生显著的铬同位素分馏。地下水中被还原的Cr(Ⅵ)在微生物作用下有可能被活化,用非生物还原条件下的铬同位素分馏规律指示地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)还原程度可能会产生较大的误差。开展地下水中铬同位素的生物地球化学作用研究,特别是生物氧化Cr(Ⅲ)过程中的铬同位素分馏规律研究,对于更全面地认识铬同位素的指示作用具有重要意义。  相似文献   

土壤中添加生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的迁移锁定作用研究     

景明  李烨  陈盈余  陈家玮 《现代地质》2014,28(6):1194-1201

生物炭应用在土壤中具有CO₂减排、改善土壤性质等作用,研究表明生物炭土壤有助于农作物产量和质量的提高,同时对污染物有较好的吸附效果,能控制其迁移,但对于近年关注的土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)和生物炭的作用研究却很少。通过土柱淋滤实验,研究土壤中添加生物炭后对Cr(Ⅵ)的迁移影响,特别是对其进行模拟酸雨淋滤实验,进一步研究了生物炭土壤对Cr(Ⅵ)的锁定效果。结果表明：仅施加1%的生物炭,就能够大幅度提高土壤系统固定Cr(Ⅵ)的能力,小粒径生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附固定能力更加明显,在一定条件下是大粒径的固定吸附量的3倍,在酸雨淋滤作用下也不易解吸,说明生物炭的添加能有效抑制Cr(Ⅵ)在土壤中的迁移,起到原位锁定的作用,这对农田土壤开发治理提供了重要手段和依据。  相似文献   

Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Solutions: Surface Efficacy and Characterizations of Three Iron Containing Minerals          下载免费PDF全文

Shams Ali Baig  Qian Wang  Zhuoxing Wang  Jin Zhu  Zimo Lou  Tiantian Sheng  Xinhua Xu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(10):1409-1414

  相似文献   

Adsorption Behavior of Hexavalent Chromium in Vadose Zone          下载免费PDF全文

Cui-ling Wang  Chang-li Liu  Ya-jie Pang  Li-xin Pei  Yun Zhang 《地下水科学与工程》2013,1(3):83-88

Adsorption behavior of Cr (VI) in vadose zone, which is silty clay and clayey soil, was studied through kinetics experiments, isothermal adsorption experiments under various conditions, including different ph, temperature and organic contents. The results from kinetics experiments showed that the sorption progress of Cr (VI) has clear features in different stages, and adsorption equilibrium showed at 30 min, the adsorption rate of silty clay and clayey soil were 60%. The isothermal adsorption curve of Cr (VI) fitted closely with Freundlich equation model. When pH is 3-5 a plateau were seen, thereafter with increase in pH the adsorption rate of Cr (VI) dropped sharply and the minimum achieved at pH 10, the adsorption rate were only 35%. Adsorption rate of Cr (VI) increased gradually with the increase of temperature, the temperature of vadose zone is 14.7 ℃, according to the experimental results, the adsorption rate of Cr (VI) is about 40%. The use of organics represents an important contribution to the sorption of Cr (VI), sorption rate up to 100% when 30% of organic content. These studies will provide basis for manager to minimize the impacts, and provide basic data for pollution prevention and remediation of vadose zone.  相似文献   

Approaches to equilibrium in the distribution of trace elements among the principal minerals in a high-grade metamorphic terrane   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kretz  Campbell  Hoffman  Hartree  & Teesdale 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1999,17(1):41-59

X-ray fluorescence, instrumental neutron activation, and particle-induced X-ray emission methods were used to determine the distribution of numerous trace elements among garnet (Grt), Ca-pyroxene (Cpx), hornblende (Hbl), biotite (Bt), plagioclase (Pl) and K-feldspar (Kf) in a high-grade metamorphic terrane within the Grenville Province of the Canadian Shield. Results are presented as distribution formulae, e.g. Sr: Kf 1.1 Pl 16 Hbl 2.2 Cpx 1.0 Bt 1.2 Grt Sc: Hbl 1.1 Cpx 1.0 Grt 7.8 Bt 22 Pl 2.6 Kf V: Hbl 1.15 Bt 2.07 Cpx 6.0 Grt (1.4% CaO)>1 (Pl, Kf) Zn: Bt 1.6 Hbl 1.62 Cpx 2.9 Grt 10 Pl Ga: Bt 1.2 Hbl 1.2 Pl 2.5 Cpx 1.3 Grt where numbers are distribution ratios, e.g. ppm Sr in Hbl/ppm Sr in Cpx=2.2. Examples of inter-element similarities and differences are (a) both Rb and Cs are concentrated in biotite relative to K-feldspar, but for Rb the ratio is 2.3 and for Cs it is 16, (b) the distribution formulae for seven lanthanides are similar except for the position of garnet, e.g. Ce: Hbl 2.7 Cpx 2.8 Pl 1.1 Bt 11 Kf 16 Grt Yb: Grt 2.8 Hbl 2.7 Cpx 9 Pl 1.0 Bt 7 Kf and (c) all of Sr, eight lanthanides, Zr, V and Cr are concentrated in hornblende relative to Ca-pyroxene by a factor that lies in the narrow range of 2.2–3.1. There is a larger variation (departure from the mean) in some distribution ratios than in others. Thus the mean ratios (Hbl/Cpx) for each of six elements and in parentheses the percentage relative standard deviation are Zn 1.62 (8.6), V 2.38 (12), Cr 2.42 (18), Sr 2.7 (28), Ba 2.9 (36) and Ni 1.66 (38). We suggest that variation of this kind is the result of differences from place to place in the magnitude of deformation and recrystallization (which facilitated the rearrangement of atoms), combined with rates of lattice and crystal-boundary diffusion that are unique for the various elements, thus permitting some trace elements to approach equilibrium more closely than others.  相似文献