Comparative descriptions of some oyster larvae from New Zealand and Chile,and a description of a new genus of oyster,Tiostrea     

P. Chanley  P. Dinamani 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):103-120

Detailed comparisons of the larvae of four species of New Zealand oyster (Saccostrea glomer‐ata, Crassostrea gigas, Ostrea lutaria, and a new species of Ostrea) and one Chilean oyster (Ostrea chilensis) showed that larvae of species other than O. lutaria and O. chilensis share certain features. One conspicuous feature is a distinct tract, termed here the posterior dorsal sulcus, which runs from the posterior margin of prodissoconch I to the valve margin of prodissoconch II; other characteristic features are an umbonate, inequivalve shell and a provinculum bearing distinct teeth. The larvae of O. lutaria and O. chilensis, in contrast, lack the posterior dorsal sulcus, are nonumbonate, and have nearly equal valves with an edentulous provinculum. These distinctive features, together with other adult features, suggest that the two species are more appropriately included in a separate genus. The name Tiostrea is proposed for the new genus. Certain supraspecific groupings within the Ostreinae need to be re‐examined in the light of breeding experiments.  相似文献   

Larval development of Boccardia knoxi,a shell‐infesting spionid polychaete     

Sean J. Handley 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):681-687

Larvae of Boccardia knoxi (Rainer) were reared in the laboratory after dissection from brood capsules extracted from the outer shell and perio‐stracum of Cookia sulcata and Haliotis iris collected from Tasman Bay, New Zealand. All the eggs within each brood capsule developed into embryos. The dissected larvae had provisional setae and fed on phytoplankton. Larval development is described through to metamorphosis.  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)两个Dmrt家族基因的时空表达     

张娜  黄雯  许飞  李莉  张国范  郭希明 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(3):717-724

本文以长牡蛎27个幼虫发育阶段个体以及成体的5个组织织作为实验材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对其Dmrt家族中的2个基因(CgDsx和CgDmrtA2)的表达模式以及在性别决定中的作用进行了研究。结果表明,长牡蛎CgDsx基因在胚胎发育初期有大量表达,从囊胚期到担轮幼虫初期表达量最高,之后表达量开始降低,在D形幼虫后一直维持在极低的表达水平,此后仅在成体的雄性性腺中具有高度表达。由此可见,CgDsx可能也对早期胚胎发育起一定调控作用,同时参与了性别决定。CgDmrtA2在长牡蛎所有组织中均有表达,各组织间表达差异不显著,在D形幼虫至壳顶后期表达量较高,说明它参与了胚胎中后期的发育过程,可能与神经的形成相关,但是其具体功能还需要进一步研究。  相似文献   

香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)水通道蛋白基因AQP1的克隆、分子特性和表达分析     

万茜  张扬  张跃环  喻子牛 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1078-1087

水通道蛋白1(Aquaporin1,AQP1)是一类通过渗透梯度将水或一些小的中性分子快速穿过细胞膜的通道蛋白。通过RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆获得了香港牡蛎AQP1基因全长,并命名为Ch AQP1(Gen Bank登录号:KJ704847)。该基因全长1153bp,开放阅读框长度为888bp,编码295个氨基酸残基。Ch AQP1基因包括1个保守的MIP结构域、6个跨膜区、5个连接环、2个NPA(Asn-Pro-Ala)基序和选择性水孔构件ar/R(aromatic/arginine)。系统学分析表明Ch AQP1属于AQP1-like型水通道蛋白。m RNA组织分布结果显示,Ch AQP1在各个组织中均有表达,其中在闭壳肌和外套膜中表达量相对较高。利用实时定量PCR分析高、低盐胁迫下其在鳃中的表达模式,结果表明,Ch AQP1 m RNA表达量在低盐处理下基本没有太大变化;在高盐胁迫下,第1天(P0.01)、第3天和第5天(P0.05)显著下调;这说明Ch AQP1基因参与了香港牡蛎的渗透压平衡调节。  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)中ChIP-seq 方法的建立     

展望  王文  施威扬 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1557-1563

染色质免疫共沉淀技术(ChIP)作为研究DNA 结合蛋白与DNA 相互作用最有力的工具, 越 来越受到重视。但目前该技术在牡蛎等贝类中的应用尚未见相关报道。为了研究长牡蛎早期胚胎发 育过程中表观遗传信息的变化模式, 本文在长牡蛎胚胎中探索并建立了一套完整的染色质免疫共沉 淀方法, 构建了高质量的高通量测序文库, 首次获得了牡蛎全基因组水平的组蛋白H3K4me3 修饰分 布, 从而为研究牡蛎的表观遗传调控奠定了基础。  相似文献   

近江牡蛎核糖体DNA片段基因序列及其分子分类研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

罗巍  邹丽珍  郑天凌  林荣澄 《台湾海峡》2005,24(3):322-329,i0001

本文应用分子系统发育学的方法,以“白蚝”和“赤蚝”的18SrDNA、ITS1和ITS2片段序列信息为分子标记,对它们的分类地位进行了探讨.综合上述3种分子标记的分析结果,初步认为“白蚝”应属于近江牡蛎,而“赤蚝”可能不属于近江牡蛎.  相似文献   

太平洋牡蛎三倍体与二倍体特殊动力代谢的比较   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

周一兵  李晓艳  屈英  宋坚  张国范 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(6):663-672

采用耗氧强度测定法 ,对太平洋牡蛎三倍体和二倍体代谢进行比较研究。结果表明 ,在不同温度下 ,2n标准代谢 (StM)占常规代谢 (有饵料条件下 ,RfM)的比例平均为 85 7%( 82 6%— 91 % ) ,高于 3n的 78 4% ( 72 %— 84 3% ) ;2n因摄食所耗机械代谢变动于RfM的2 6%— 6 7% ,平均值为 4 3% ,低于 3n的 8% ( 4 9%— 1 3 6% ) ;同时 ,2n用于消化、吸收食物的代谢平均约占RfM的 9 98% ,低于 3n的均值 1 2 6%。经协方差分析检验 ,倍性对标准代谢、消化和吸收代谢及摄食代谢虽未表现出显著作用 ,但在不同生理状况下 ,2n耗氧率的均值都高于 3n。在 2 0℃下 ,对太平洋牡蛎 2n和 3n标准代谢和常规代谢 (无饵料条件下 ,RM)的昼夜周期性比较表明 ,3n的特殊动力代谢 (SDA)峰值略高于 2n,SDA持续时间和总耗能分别为 2n的 1 3倍和 0 80倍。实验还表明 ,2n和 3n在停食后 2 8h和 2 4h分别达到其排氨率的高峰 ,两者的排氨率差异虽不显著 ,但排氨率均值 3n高于 2n。  相似文献   

雄性四倍体与雌性二倍体杂交培育全三倍体长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

阙华勇  张国范  刘晓  郭希明  张福绥 《海洋与湖沼》2003,34(6):656-662

将美国雄性四倍体长牡蛎与中国北方海区雌性二倍体长牡蛎杂交 ,进行全三倍体长牡蛎培育研究。结果表明 ,四倍体与二倍体杂交的受精率为 47.4%─ 88.9% ,平均为 69.5 % ;来自同样雌贝的二倍体对照组的受精率平均为 91 .4%。杂交组和对照组面盘幼虫的平均孵化率分别为 5 3.9%和 61 .6% ;受精卵发育至稚贝的存活率 ,杂交组和对照组分别为 1 .3%和1 .9%。杂交组累计培育出眼点幼虫 8.32 4亿 ,稚贝 1 .843亿。杂交组幼虫的生长略快于对照组 ,但无显著差异。经流式细胞仪分析 ,杂交组的幼虫、稚贝、幼贝等均为 1 0 0 %三倍体。中国北方海区的长牡蛎可以与美国的雄性四倍体长牡蛎实现良好的杂交 ,产生 1 0 0 %三倍体。利用长牡蛎四倍体培育三倍体 ,方法简便高效 ,显示出四倍体在贝类三倍体商业生产中的巨大应用价值。  相似文献   

Small-scale Spatial Distribution of a Pyramidellid Snail Ectoparasite, Boonea impressa, in Relation to its Host, Crassostrea virginica, on Oyster Reefs     

E.N. Powell    M.E. White    E. A. Wilson  S.M. Ray 《Marine Ecology》1987,8(2):107-130

Abstract. The pyramidellid snail, Boonea (= Odostomia) impressa (SAY), is an important ectoparasite of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica (G melin ). The small-scale spatial distribution of snails was examined in 11 oyster populations in the Copano Bay - Aransas Bay area of the Texas coast. Snails were contagiously distributed (s²/>1) and positively spatially autocorrelated. Patchiness was better developed and patches were larger on enclosed reefs than on more exposed open-bay reefs, probably because higher wave energy and increased distance between oyster clumps limited clump-to-clump movement by snails on open-bay reefs. Small snails were consistently distributed differently from large snails because small snails were less host specific. As the snails grow, a narrowing of host preference results in a substantial change in spatial distribution. Snails were consistently more contagiously distributed than their hosts; however, snail distribution was not host-density dependent. Factors determining the spatial distribution of the host had surprisingly little effect on the distribution of snails. Snail aggregates apparently form randomly by chance meetings of a few snails and then grow by attraction of additional snails. Consequently, snail behavior, which determines the size and length of time a patch retains its integrity, and the age distribution of the snail population may be the two most important factors, besides population size, determining the impact of B. impressa on oyster populations.  相似文献   

牡蛎壳腔容积的两种测量方法比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

许飞  刘晓  张国范 《海洋科学》2007,31(7):15-19

为确定测量各种壳形态牡蛎壳腔容积的适宜方法,比较了排水法和称重法在测量圆形与长形等两种不同形态牡蛎体积中的异同。分别选取两种形状的牡蛎各9只,每个个体重复测量5次。结果表明,牡蛎形状对两种方法的测量结果有显著影响,但是形状和测量方法对测量精确度的影响不显著(P>0.05)。两种方法测得的壳腔容积结果相近,都能满足计算条件指数的要求,其中称重法的适用性更广。  相似文献