A preliminary study on sediment flux in the Changjiang Delta during the postglacial period   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

李保华  李从先  沈焕庭 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(7):743-752

During the last 7000 years since the Changjiang Delta was formed, how much sediment brought by the Changjiang River remained in the modern Changjiang Delta? And how much sediment was delivered into the sea and adjacent coasts? These are very important que…  相似文献   

陕甘宁接壤区气候暖干化及其生态环境意义   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

杨新  延军平 《地球科学进展》2003,18(1):127-132

应用陕甘宁接壤区1951-2000年气温、降水及1956-2000年陕甘宁接壤区 7条主要河流径流量实测记录,在实地调研的基础上对气象数据和水文数据分析后得出结论,陕甘宁接壤区近年来气候呈现暖干化趋势,全区增温线性倾向值为 0．194℃／10 a,高于全球近百年的趋势（0．05℃／10 a）,区内增温趋势强弱差异显著。陕甘宁接壤区气候变干表现在 2个方面：①年降水量减少;②地表径流量减少。降水线性倾向值平均为－1．0759 mm／a,地表径流总量1956-2000年减少速率为 0．4844 m³／a。陕甘宁接壤区生态环境在暖干化的气候背景下继续恶化,生态贫水化严重,水土流失加剧,沙漠扩大。  相似文献   

Environmental history of an urban lake: a palaeolimnological study of Lake Jyväsjärvi, Finland     

Jarmo J. Meriläinen  Juhani Hynynen  Arja Palomäki  Keijo Mäntykoski  Allan Witick 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,30(4):387-406

Sedimentary diatom frustules and chironomid remains, in addition to the chemical stratigraphy of 32 elements and organic pollutants such as resin acids, PCB, DDT and its metabolites, were studied from core samples taken from Lake Jyväsjärvi in Central Finland (64° 14 N, 25° 47 E). The sediment profile covered over 200 years, with the oldest samples representing a period of very low human interference. The town of Jyväskylä was established on the lake shore in 1837, and the lake received untreated municipal wastewater from the town up until, 1977. A paper mill started operations in 1872 and began discharging effluent into Lake Jyväsjärvi. In recent years this effluent loading has been reduced. Based on the biological and chemical properties of the sediment strata, five developmental phases were distinguished and named as follows: (1) a pre-industrial phase (approximately up until the 1860s); (2) a phase of early changes in the lake ecosystem (from the 1870s to ca. 1940s); (3) a phase of increasing eutrophication (from ca. 1950 to ca. 1965); (4) a phase of severe pollution (from ca. 1966 to the early-1990s); and (5) a phase of recovery, which proceeded more quickly during the late-1990s following long-term hypolimnetic aeration. It was estimated that the ecological status of the lake changed from good to moderate during the second phase. Due to the poor chemical status of the lake (including increased concentrations of harmful substances) and the pronounced changes in diatom and chironomid communities, the ecological status from 1950 to the early-1990s was classified as bad. The present ecological status, after a slow recovery of about 20 years, can be classified as moderate/poor. Chemical analysis of the sediment revealed that some elements (C, N, P, S, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni and Zn) followed the known history of municipal waste water discharge into the lake, but Hg, Cr and persistent organic pollutants had different stratigraphies, and therefore mainly originated from other sources. Pronounced changes in profundal benthic communities (chironomids) started about 80 years later than those in diatoms, but later changes in chironomid assemblages were greater than those in diatoms.  相似文献   

Species sensitivity distributions: data and model choice   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

Wheeler JR  Grist EP  Leung KM  Morritt D  Crane M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):192-202

Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are increasingly incorporated into ecological risk assessment procedures. Although these new techniques offer a more transparent approach to risk assessment they demand more and superior quality data. Issues of data quantity and quality are especially important for marine datasets that tend to be smaller (and have fewer standard test methods) when compared with freshwater data. An additional source of uncertainty when using SSDs is appropriate selection from the range of methods used in their construction. We show through examples the influence of data quantity, data quality, and choice of model. We then show how regulatory decisions may be affected by these factors.  相似文献   

A GIS-based mapping method on distribution of critical Ecological Situation in China     

YE Qing-hu  YANG Qin-ye  LIU Gao-huan 《地理学报(英文版)》2000,(3)

Introduction Human-induced environmental change in China has led to different consequences due to various causes. They conver certain regions and places where their impacts may threaten the long-term or even the short-term sustainability of human-environmental relationships. Designating such areas as "critical environmental situations," Russian Geographers have developed "red data maps" showing their locations[1]. Yet, there are no fully developed conceptualizations of environmental critical…  相似文献   

The GW-Fauna-Index: A first approach to a quantitative ecological assessment of groundwater habitats   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

Hans Jürgen Hahn   《Limnologica》2006,36(2):119-137

Between June 2001 and December 2002, 18 hyporheic and groundwater bores were sampled for fauna and environmental data using phreatic traps. The bores were situated in three different natural geographic regions in Palatinate, Southwestern Germany.Faunal data correlated with the relative amount of detritus, bacterial abundances and the standard deviation of temperature, while very few and weak correlations were found with physical–chemical variables. Dissolved oxygen was assumed to be a limiting factor for most metazoans with a critical concentration at around 0.5–1 mg l⁻¹.To quantify the strength of the hydrological exchange with surface water and its effects on fauna, a so-called GW-Fauna-Index was developed and calculated using the relative amount of detritus, standard deviation of temperature, and oxygen concentration. From all environmental data and on all spatial scales, this index best explained the total faunal abundance and taxonomic richness.To describe the availability of organic aliments in the groundwater, the terms of “alimonic” and “alimony” [from lat. alimonium=(food) supply] were proposed.Although stygofauna was different in the geographic regions investigated, the GW-Fauna-Index was independent from these regional particularities. Using the GW-Fauna-Index, three groups of groundwater habitats could be classified according to the alimonic conditions. From oligo-alimonic group I samples, fauna was mostly absent, while meso-alimonic group II samples were prevailingly populated by stygobites, and eu-alimonic group III samples by ubiquists and stygoxenes. Total abundances and taxonomic richness increased significantly from group I to group III. Group I samples were characterized by low index values, group II samples by intermediate and group III samples by high values.The GW-Fauna-Index provides promising perspectives for application, but needs some improvement. First of all, detritus should be analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, rather than semi-quantitatively. Also, a standard protocol for sampling has to be developed.  相似文献   

黔西水城—紫云地区晚古生代裂陷槽盆充填和演化   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王尚彦 张慧王天华  王纯厚彭成龙胡仁发  陈明华石磊 《地质通报》2006,25(3):402-407

研究了贵州西部古生代发育起来的北西向水城-紫云裂陷槽盆的充填序列和演化.根据地层的岩性特征、接触关系、垂向序列和形成的构造背景等,将该槽盆的充填过程划分为3个序列:深水盆地非补偿沉积到浅海陆棚沉积,是以张裂作用为主的构造作用的产物;槽盆→槽盆边缘→槽盆边缘斜坡(下斜坡)→台缘斜坡,为张裂兼走滑复合构造机制作用下的产物;台缘斜坡环境的海进序列到海退序列,受走滑作用影响明显.根据影响和控制盆地的构造、沉积和岩浆作用等多种因素,将该槽盆的发展演化分为4个阶段:隆起剥蚀阶段、地壳拉伸变薄阶段、断裂沉陷阶段和地幔柱作用阶段.  相似文献   

河西走廊地质历史中宋辽干冷期灾变事件及其影响          下载免费PDF全文

赫明林  曹兴山  曹炳媛 《甘肃地质》2006,15(1):10-18

宋辽寒冷干旱期的急剧降温,使河西地区降水量迅速减少,气候变得更为干旱。植被枯萎,风暴、沙暴、尘暴、火灾、旱灾、饥荒等灾害事件频繁发生,从而引发了一系列生态环境问题和战争动乱,对中国政治、社会、经济、文化产生重大影响。依据历史资料和考古研究成果及地质记录中“事件标志层”层位、年代,确定宋辽寒冷干旱期发生于公元1000~1050年,发展于公元1050~1100年,强盛于公元1100~1320年,消亡于公元1320~1335年。  相似文献   

水稻免耕栽培的减灾效应研究     

熊传伟  黄国勤 《气象与减灾研究》2007,30(2):33-37

为探索稻田保护性耕作技术——水稻免耕的减灾效应,将免耕与传统稻作方法相结合组成常耕移栽、常耕抛秧、免耕移栽、免耕抛秧4个处理进行试验,并运用生态学原理对试验结果进行了分析研究。结果表明,稻田保护性耕作能提高作物产量,降低部分生育期间水稻病虫害,抑制农田杂草的生长。  相似文献   

长江源区生态及灾害地质调查与防治对策     

康琴  阿成业 《高原地震》2007,19(3):54-58

简述了长江源区自然地理和生态地质环境特征，分析了环境恶化的主要原因及防治对策。  相似文献