青藏高原夏季地面感热通量与高原低涡生成的可能联系     

张恬月  李国平 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,12(2):1-6

利用NCEP/NCAR地面感热通量再分析格点资料以及MICAPS天气图资料识别的高原低涡资料集,分析了1981—2010年青藏高原夏季地面感热通量线性倾向分布的空间分布特征,重点讨论了夏季高原地面感热通量与同期高原低涡生成频数的可能联系尤其是空间相关性。结果表明,近30 a夏季感热通量的线性倾向分布具有区域性差异,感热减少趋势在高原分布较广且负值中心明显,感热增加主要分布在高原西北部和东部。夏季地面感热通量与同期高原低涡生成频数呈高度正相关;感热通量强年,高原主体东部地区低层呈气旋式环流,高层为辐散气流,高原上空上升气流偏强,感热通量弱年的情形与之相反。地面感热加热强度与高原低涡的生成频数在空间上有明显联系。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠不同区域土壤热通量变化比较     

张文斌  买买提艾力﹒买买提依明  何清  杨兴华  霍文  杨帆  塔伊尔.艾则孜 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(2):57-62

选取塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区和北缘过渡带肖塘地区2013年土壤热通量观测资料,初步比较分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠两种下垫面的土壤热通量变化特征。结果表明：(1)在日变化尺度上,两个站点都有明显的日变化特征,1月份塔中站土壤热通量日平均变化幅度小于肖塘站,日较差分别为58.9 W.m2和72.4 W.m2,4月份两站土壤热通量变化幅度较为接近,日较差分别为88.1W.m2、100.1 W.m2。7、10月份塔中站土壤热通量变化幅度明显高于肖塘站,日较差分别为99.0 W.m2、53.7W.m2,100.3 W.m2、73.3W.m2。(2)不同天气条件下两个站点土壤热通量变化都有很大差异。晴天,塔中站和肖塘站土壤热通量变化都呈现出单峰型,变化幅度较一致,日较差分别为119.7 W.m2、119.1 W.m2。沙尘天和雨天受云层或降水的影响土壤热通量变化波动较大,沙尘天塔中站变化幅度小于肖塘站,日较差分别为83.6 W.m2、133.1 W.m2;雨天塔中站和肖塘站变化幅度都很剧烈,日较差分别为70.6 W.m2、66.6 W.m2。(3)年变化尺度上,塔中站土壤热通量在7月份达到最大值(7.7 W.m2),在11月出现最小值(-5.3 W.m2),肖塘站7月份出现最大值(4.2 W.m2),11月份出现最小值(-10.2 W.m2)。塔中站和肖塘站土壤热通量年总量差异很大,塔中站为16.8 W.m2,能量由大气向土壤传递,土壤为热汇,而肖塘站则为-34.9 W.m2,能量由土壤向大气传播,土壤表现为热源。  相似文献   

The Odra Estuary as a Filter and Transformation Area     

R. Lampe 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1999,27(5):292-297

The Odra Estuary is one of the most polluted coastal waters of the southern Baltic. To investigate how and whether the estuary acts as a filter and transformation area for the fluviogenic material, different models were developed and an intensive monitoring programme was carried out. Summarizing different methodological approaches, it could be shown that the total system filter capacity reaches 2...5% for nutrients and 10...15% for some heavy metals related to the current mean annual input. In the western part of the estuary, the retention is more important and amounts to 10...40% of the annual nutrient yield. Carbon flux studies revealed that both a reduction of the inputs and more internal and external nutrient sinks are needed to reverse the anthropogenic eutrophication process.  相似文献   

Organically Bound Nutrients in Dissolved Organic Matter Fractions in Seepage and Pore Water of Weakly Developed Forest Soils     

Klaus Kaiser  Georg Guggenberger  Wolfgang Zech 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2001,28(7):411-419

Previous field and laboratory studies showed that organically bound nutrients can contribute largely to the export of N, P, and S from soil into aquatic systems. One possible determinant for the losses of dissolved organic nutrients leaving the soil environment could be their distribution between dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions of different mobility in soil. To elucidate the potential influence of DOM fractions under varying flow conditions on the vertical translocation of organically bound nutrients, we determined the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic C (DOC) and nutrients (DON, DOP, DOS) in soil water under a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest. We sampled seepage water from the organic forest floor layer and the mineral subsoil using zero‐tension lysimeters and soil pore water using tension lysimeters and suction cups. DOM in soil water was fractionated into hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds by XAD‐8 at pH 2. We found that the organic forest floor layers were large sources for DOC, DON, DOP, and DOS. The dissolved organic nutrients were mainly concentrated in the hydrophilic DOM fraction which proved to be more mobile in mineral soil pore water than the hydrophobic one. Consequently, the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic nutrients decreased less with depth than those of DOC. Concentrations as well as fluxes in subsoil pore water of DOC and dissolved organic nutrients in the studied weakly developed soils were high as compared with literature data on deeply developed forest soils. Under conditions of rapid water flow through the strongly structured mineral soil at the beech site, almost no retention of DOM took place and thus the influence of the distribution of organically bound nutrients between the DOM fractions on the export of DON, DOP, and DOS was negligible.  相似文献   

春季黄海海-气湍流通量交换的特征     

马艳  汤毓祥 《海洋科学进展》1998,(3)

本文利用１９９６年４月中国和韩国第一次同时在黄海海域的调查资料,选用两种整体参数化公式分析春季黄海海气湍流通量交换特征。分析结果表明：动量通量和感热通量的高值区皆位于山东半岛和朝鲜西岸的近岸海域,而低值区则出现在长江口东北近海;在平稳天气条件下,表层各通量具有日变化特征,而强风条件下的感热、潜热和动量通量分别是平稳天气条件下的５．７倍、６．６倍和７倍。  相似文献   

On Frequency Response Corrections for Eddy Covariance Flux Measurements   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

T. W. Horst 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,94(3):517-520

Several potentially significant errors are noted in published frequency-response corrections for eddy-covariance flux measurements.  相似文献   

对零通量面法测算潜水入渗补给量和地表蒸发量的一点改进     

程辉  郭东屏 《地球科学与环境学报》2000,22(1)

分析了发散型零通量面 ,聚合型零通量面以及它们的组合形式的形成机理 ,定性分析了各种零通面条件下的潜水入渗补给量与地面蒸发量 ,进而详细推导了这两个量计算的理论公式 ,其中包括零通量面位置和潜水水位之一和二者都随时间变化条件下这些前所未见的新公式。这些概念的进一步阐明与理论公式的导出 ,对指导零通量面法的推广具有主要意义  相似文献   

南海溶解氧通量的初步研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

林洪瑛  韩舞鹰 《海洋与湖沼》1998,29(1):61-66

根据南海1984－1994年的观测资料,采用箱式模型,计算溶解氧在南海三箱子的各通量值,并建立起南海溶解氧的通量模型。结果表明,南海溶解氧的总输入通量为280．4×104mol／s,其中通过外洋输入的氧量占总输入氧量的49．2％;生物光合作用释放的氧量占总输入氧量的30．3％;降雨输入的氧量占总输入氧量的3．0％;河流输入的氧量占总输入氧量的0．4％;通过海气界面向海洋输入的氧量占南海总输入氧量的17．0％。  相似文献   

台湾海峡夏季海水及某些营养盐水平通量   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王寿景  黄自强 《台湾海峡》1998,17(3):275-277

根据国家海洋局第三海洋研究所１９８４－１９８５年“台湾海峡西部海域综合调查”历史资料和１９９４－１９９５年“台湾海峡碳及生源要素通量研究”课题的现场调查资料,计算出台湾海峡南、北两个断面夏季海水、铵、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和磷酸盐的水平迁移通量。  相似文献   

长江入河口区生源要素的浓度变化及通量估算   总被引：38，自引：4，他引：38  

刘新成  沈焕庭  黄清辉 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(3):332-340

利用近几十年长江大通断面的实测流量和生源要素（C、N、P、Si)资料，讨论了C、N、P、Si较长时间序列浓度的变化特征和长江入河口区的通量，结果表明，HCO3^-浓度比较稳定，波动较小；NO3^-,NO2^-,PO4^3-主要呈上升趋势；游离CO2，NH4^ 和SiO3^2-浓度表现出一定下降趋势；估算并研究了长江C、N、P、Si入河口区年内各月的平均通量，年际间各年的通量和多年平均的年均通量和主要变化特征；利用月通量序列以及相应的流量序列，拟合出可以利用已知的月均流量预测进入河口区的月通量的关系函数，这些研究是进行河口区生源要素收支平衡计算的重要基础。  相似文献