油气田开发中油气藏地质成因分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈欢庆  胡海燕  吴洪彪  曹晨 《地质科学》2019,(1):192-212

本文从油气藏地质成因分析的基础资料入手,总结该项研究的主要内容包括:构造、储层和油气水分布特征等3方面.结合自身科研实践,认为油气藏地质成因分析方法主要包括:野外露头和现代沉积考察、岩心观察描述、显微镜下薄片观察鉴定、地球物理解释预测、地质统计学分析、分析测试、各种物理模拟和数值模拟、油气藏动态监测和生产动态等,并阐述了不同研究方法的优缺点.目前油气藏地质成因分析存在的主要问题包括:对油气藏地质成因分析重视程度不够、研究方法偏定性、地质成因分析和油气藏表征结合不紧密、油气藏表征精度制约了地质成因分析的准确度、油气藏地质成因分析综合性不强、特殊类型油气藏地质成因分析还存在诸多难题等.本文指出了该研究未来发展方向.主要包括:依靠油气藏地质成因分析解决油气田开发中的难题、通过各种模拟方法提高油气藏地质成因分析定量化水平、加强地质成因分析以提高油气藏表征水平、利用油气藏表征促进地质成因分析进步、拓展油气藏地质成因分析在油气田开发中应用的领域、特殊类型油气藏地质成因分析等.  相似文献   

特克斯达坂滑坡灾害发育特征、成因机制及防治措施     

曹小红  尚彦军  弓小平  孟和  艾比拜尔·买买提 《新疆地质》2019,(2):260-265

地形、岩土性质与岩土结构、降水及融雪为滑坡的发生提供了极有利的条件。通过现场调查、文献调研,分析特克斯达坂滑坡灾害发育特征及孕灾机制,计算其稳定性,推测其形成的力学机制为推移式;揭示特克斯黄土+泥岩结构、黄土+基岩(灰岩)结构、黄土+砂砾石+软岩(泥岩)岩土体结构主要滑坡类型的致滑机理;对研究区内不稳定斜坡采用“内外钢丝网+横纵混凝土梁+混凝土盖和防护柱(外壁带钢筋倒刺)+黄土中植草”加固。  相似文献   

东濮凹陷沙三段致密砂岩储层裂缝形成机制及对储层物性的影响     

刘卫彬  张世奇  徐兴友  周新桂  李世臻  陈珊  白静 《大地构造与成矿学》2019,43(1):58-68

为探讨东濮凹陷沙三段储层裂缝的发育特征、形成机制、主控因素及其对储层的影响,综合运用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、流体包裹体分析等方法对裂缝进行了研究。结果表明:东濮凹陷沙三段储层中发育的裂缝按规模可分为宏观裂缝和微观裂缝两大类,按成因可分为构造缝、超压缝和成岩缝。构造缝走向以NNE向、NE向为主,其形成可分为两期,分别为40～35 Ma沙河街组沉积中后期和25～18 Ma东营组沉积末期。超压缝的形成与膏盐脱水、烃类充注和膏盐层封堵作用有关,形成于33～25 Ma东营组沉积时期。压实作用、溶解作用、收缩作用等成岩作用均可形成微裂缝。裂缝的形成序列为:早期构造缝-压裂缝-溶解缝-超压缝-收缩缝-晚期构造缝-溶解缝-压裂缝;裂缝的发育可以改善储层物性,宏观裂缝主要起渗流作用,微观裂缝既可作为有效的储集空间,又可作为酸性流体流动通道,产生次生孔隙带,提高储层孔隙度。  相似文献   

薄杖子钾长石矿地质特征及开发应用前景     

王泽蛟 《城市地质》2019,14(1):60-64

通过对薄杖子钾长石矿地质特征分析,阐述了该矿床的成因类型,为中酸性侵入岩型。钾长石矿严格受沿断裂侵入的燕山期碱性正长岩小岩株控制,通过岩浆结晶分离作用而形成,区内矿体基本裸露于地表,地表出露体呈零星分布,矿体形态均不规则。矿体的主要矿物为钾长石,次要矿物为石英、条纹长石、绢云母、黑云母、角闪石,副矿物为黄铁矿、磁铁矿。矿石自然类型为碱性正长岩型,工业类型为玻璃及建筑陶瓷用钾长石矿,开发利用方向为玻璃及建筑陶瓷工业原料。  相似文献   

Tectono-sedimentary evolution of Jurassic–Cretaceous diapiric structures: Miravete anticline,Maestrat Basin,Spain     

Jaume Vergés  Yohann Poprawski  Ylènia Almar  Peter A. Drzewiecki  Mar Moragas  Telm Bover-Arnal  Chiara Macchiavelli  Wayne Wright  Grégoire Messager  Jean-Christophe Embry  David Hunt 《Basin Research》2020,32(6):1653-1684

Integration of extensive fieldwork, remote sensing mapping and 3D models from high-quality drone photographs relates tectonics and sedimentation to define the Jurassic–early Albian diapiric evolution of the N–S Miravete anticline, the NW-SE Castel de Cabra anticline and the NW-SE Cañada Vellida ridge in the Maestrat Basin (Iberian Ranges, Spain). The pre shortening diapiric structures are defined by well-exposed and unambiguous halokinetic geometries such as hooks and flaps, salt walls and collapse normal faults. These were developed on Triassic salt-bearing deposits, previously misinterpreted because they were hidden and overprinted by the Alpine shortening. The Miravete anticline grew during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous and was rejuvenated during Cenozoic shortening. Its evolution is separated into four halokinetic stages, including the latest Alpine compression. Regionally, the well-exposed Castel de Cabra salt anticline and Cañada Vellida salt wall confirm the widespread Jurassic and Early Cretaceous diapiric evolution of the Maestrat Basin. The NE flank of the Cañada Vellida salt wall is characterized by hook patterns and by a 500-m-long thin Upper Jurassic carbonates defining an upturned flap, inferred as the roof of the salt wall before NE-directed salt extrusion. A regional E-W cross section through the Ababuj, Miravete and Cañada-Benatanduz anticlines shows typical geometries of salt-related rift basins, partly decoupled from basement faults. These structures could form a broader diapiric region still to be investigated. In this section, the Camarillas and Fortanete minibasins displayed well-developed bowl geometries at the onset of shortening. The most active period of diapiric growth in the Maestrat Basin occurred during the Early Cretaceous, which is also recorded in the Eastern Betics, Asturias and Basque-Cantabrian basins. This period coincides with the peak of eastward drift of the Iberian microplate, with speeds of 20 mm/year. The transtensional regime is interpreted to have played a role in diapiric development.  相似文献   

Tectonostratigraphic framework and depositional history of the deepwater Ulleung Basin,East Sea/Sea of Japan     

Kyoung-Jin Kim  Dong-Geun Yoo  Nyeon-Keon Kang  Bo-Yeon Yi 《Basin Research》2020,32(4):613-635

The Ulleung Basin, East Sea/Japan Sea, is a Neogene back-arc basin and occupies a tectonically crucial zone under the influence of relative motions between Eurasian, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates. However, the link between tectonics and sedimentation remains poorly understood in the back-arc Ulleung Basin, as it does in many other back-arc basins as well, because of a paucity of seismic data and controversy over the tectonic history of the basin. This paper presents an integrated tectonostratigraphic and sedimentary evolution in the deepwater Ulleung Basin using 2D multichannel seismic reflection data. The sedimentary succession within the deepwater Ulleung Basin is divided into four second-order seismic megasequences (MS1 to MS4). Detailed seismic stratigraphy interpretation of the four megasequences suggests the depositional history of the deepwater Ulleung Basin occurred in four stages, controlled by tectonic movement, volcanism, and sea-level fluctuations. In Stage 1 (late Oligocene through early Miocene), syn-rift sediment supplied to the basin was restricted to the southern base-of-slope, whereas the northern distal part of the basin was dominated by volcanic sills and lava flows derived from initial rifting-related volcanism. In Stage 2 (late early Miocene through middle Miocene), volcanic extrusion occurred through post-rift, chain volcanism in the earliest time, followed by hemipelagic and turbidite sedimentation in a quiescent open marine setting. In Stage 3 (late middle Miocene through late Miocene), compressional activity was predominant throughout the Ulleung Basin, resulting in regional uplift and sub-aerial erosion/denudation of the southern shelf of the basin, which provided enormous volumes of sediment into the basin through mass transport processes. In Stage 4 (early Pliocene through present), although the degree of tectonic stress decreased significantly, mass movement was still generated by sea-level fluctuations as well as compressional tectonic movement, resulting in stacked mass transport deposits along the southern basin margin. We propose a new depositional history model for the deepwater Ulleung Basin and provide a window into understanding how tectonic, volcanic and eustatic interactions control sedimentation in back-arc basins.  相似文献   

白刺不同果实性状的遗传力估计及优良亲本选择   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

高志海  崔建国 《中国沙漠》1999,19(1):82-85

亲子回归法研究白刺果实不同性状遗传力的结果表明,果径、果形、果色、果味、核形和果实出肉率等性状指标的遗传力较高,说明这些性状变异的遗传贡献较大,可作为白刺果实类型划分的主要指标,其中果径、果味和出肉率可作为白刺果实品质评价和优良亲本选择的主要依据。以果径和出肉率为指标,用家系选择法选择优良亲本可获得较大的遗传增益,且两指标选择的亲本一致,选择效果满意。  相似文献   

方解石矿床及工业利用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖喜林 《矿产与地质》1999,13(1):44-47

方解石矿床一般产于碳酸盐岩地区和侵入岩变质接触带,受断裂风化淋滤容矿,热液接触变质作用,由碳酸盐岩褪色重结晶而形成。方解石矿有三个显著特征：即白色、块大、致密。在化学工业,建材装饰,工艺雕刻上,都得到广泛应用。  相似文献   

实验室声发射三维定位及标本波速场各向异性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋海昆  张流  王琦 《地震》1999,19(3):245-252

根据慢度离差法的基本原理,给出由遗传算法确定AE空间位置、发生时刻及慢度离差5个参量的具体方法。结合实验条件,通过数值试验对定位误差等问题进行探讨,并对真实AE定位的误差分布给出统计上的圈定。数值试验结果表明,算法具有较高的精度和较好的收敛性及稳健性;探头数量及布设方式对定位结果的优劣有影响, 4个以上探头有记录时,即可得到理想的结果;大的定位误差主要来源于台阵外部少数“ AE”的结果。到时测量的随机误差小于最小测量时间单位的50%时,平均有97%的“AE”定位误差分布在3 mm 范围内,小于物理不可分辨精度(探头直径)。  相似文献   

Experiments on the effect of inflow and outflow sequences on suspended sediment exchange rates     

Michael M&#;ller  Giovanni De Cesare  Anton J. Schleiss 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(2)

In laboratory experiments, the influence of inflow and outflow sequences on the behavior of fine sedi-ment was investigated. The experimental set-up consisted of two interconnected rectangular basins, between which water was moved back and forth. Suspended sediment concentration in the main basin as well as the sediment exchange rates were derived from turbidity measurements.The suspended sediment ratio, SSR, and sediment exchange rates (influx sediment rate, ISR, and evacuated sediment rate, ESR) were measured. In twenty test runs, a parametric study on the magnitude and frequency of inflow and outflow cycles, the relative duration between inflow and outflow sequences, the initial sediment concentration, and the intake position was done. An initial test with stagnant water described the set-tling behavior of fine sediment and served as a reference scenario.The test results show that settling of fine particles near the intake/outlet structure can be considerably reduced by the nature of the inflow and outflow sequences. High cycle magnitude and frequency lead to maximum suspended sediment ratio in the system. For low discharges, the evolution of suspended sediment concentration cannot be directly correlated to the inflow and outflow cycles. However, compared to"no operation"conditions, the suspended sediment ratio could be increased by 10%to 40%locally. For high discharge, the evolution of suspended sediment concentration correlated with discharge cycles and suspended sediment ratios between 50%and 80%higher than for stagnant water could be achieved. Similar ratios could be obtained when the intake is located closer to the bottom or to the free water surface.Meanwhile, the overall sediment balance remained in equilibrium over the test period, indicating that the influx and evacuated sediment rates are not significantly influenced by the inflow and outflow cycles.  相似文献