Late Holocene record of environmental changes,cyclones and tsunamis in a coastal lake,Mangaia, Cook Islands          下载免费PDF全文

Catherine Chagué‐Goff  Jordan Chi Hang Chan  James Goff  Patricia Gadd 《Island Arc》2016,25(5):333-349

A 4.3 m‐long peat sequence from the shore of Lake Tiriara, Mangaia, Cook Islands, was analyzed using an ITRAX core scanner equipped with a magnetic susceptibility meter. Variations in the elemental profiles, providing insights into long‐ and short‐term environmental changes over the last 3500 years, are supported by grain size data and diatom assemblages. The scattering ratio (Mo Inc/Mo Coh) was evaluated and found to represent a good proxy for organic matter in peat. X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) data were processed by principal component analysis that confirmed the distinction of biogenic and detrital phases, organic matter and elements of marine origin. The record preserved in the peat sequence includes a peatland infilling stage followed by alternating drier and wetter periods. A notable steady increase in clay associated with high counts of detrital elements from 2000–1700 cal yr BP is attributed to increased erosion, which is most probably linked with human colonization and/or more intense chemical weathering linked with a wetter climate. Freshwater gastropods (Melanoides sp.), which were possibly introduced by humans, or are native, occupied the wetland during a period of lower water level about 1000–1100 cal yr BP. Short‐term changes in the elemental profiles are often linked with slight coarsening of the inorganic fraction that is, however, only revealed after grain size analysis. Peaks in marine indicators (Br, Cl, S, and/or Ca) associated with marine‐dominated diatom assemblages most probably represent marine incursions through the underground tunnel in the makatea, a fossilized, uplifted coral limestone rim. While none of the marine event units present characteristics typical of cyclone or tsunami deposits, the concurrent or absent peak of detrital elements (Fe, Si, Rb, Ti, K) attributed to increased erosion of the volcanic cone associated with a cyclone is used to distinguish both types of events, as also suggested by principal component analysis.  相似文献   

Tsunami deposit associated with the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami in the Hasunuma site of the Kujukuri coastal plain,Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Dan Matsumoto  Yuki Sawai  Koichiro Tanigawa  Osamu Fujiwara  Yuichi Namegaya  Masanobu Shishikura  Kyoko Kagohara  Haruo Kimura 《Island Arc》2016,25(5):369-385

We describe the detailed sedimentary characteristics of a tsunami deposit associated with the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami in Hasunuma, a site on the Kujukuri coastal plain, Japan. The thick tsunami deposit was limited to within 350 m from the coastline whereas the inundation area extended about 1 km from the coastline. The tsunami deposit was sampled by excavation at 29 locations along three transects and studied using peels, soft‐X imaging and grain‐size analysis. The deposit covers the pre‐existing soil and reached a maximum measured thickness of 35 cm. It consists mainly of well‐sorted medium to fine sand. On the basis of sedimentary structures and changes in grain size, we divided the tsunami deposit into several sedimentary units, which may correspond to multiple inundation flows. The numbers of units and their sedimentary features vary among the three transects, despite the similar topography. This variation implies a considerable influence of local effects such as elevation, vegetation, microtopography, and distance from footpaths, on the tsunami‐related sedimentation.  相似文献   

黄海西部2005—2007年海雾演变的气候特征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王绪翔  邵利民  曹祥村 《海洋预报》2012,29(3):62-68

海雾对沿海地区的交通运输、工农业生产等影响很大,需要开展深入研究,以探索其生消演变规律。本文选择黄海西部的成山头、青岛、海阳、日照等4个测站为代表性测站,分析了2005—2007年海雾发生期间的位势高度、海温、海表面风场、相对湿度、稳定度及散度等要素场特征,着重探讨了海雾演变的气候特征。研究结果表明:500 hPa高空槽前位于黄海上空时有利于成雾;海温异常低的年份雾日较多;风向、散度和低层的层结稳定度是影响黄海海雾的主要因素;地理位置也是影响黄海海雾变化的重要因子;黄海海雾的水平分布具有南北空间不一致的特点。  相似文献   

A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON THE DIFFERENT FEATURES OF TC EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION OVER LAND AND OCEAN     

钟霖浩  华丽娟  冯士德 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2012,18(2):228-241

The extratropical transitions(ETs)of tropical cyclones(TCs)over China and the ocean east to 150°E are investigated by the use of best-track data and JRA-25 reanalysis spanning 1979-2008.The ET events occurring north of 25°N and in the warm season(from May to October)are extracted from the reanalysis to emphasize the interaction between TC and midlatitude circulation.Statistical analysis shows that 18.5%of the warm-season TCs go through land ETs north of 25°N in the western North Pacific.And 20.5%of the ET events occur over the ocean east of 150°E.Most(62.2%)ET TCs over China gradually die out after ET,but more(70.7%)ocean ET cases have post-ET reintensification.The evolutions in cyclone phase space and the composite fields for land and ocean ETs,as well as the ET cases with and without post-ET reintensification,are further analyzed.It is found that most TCs with ET over China and those without post-ET reintensification evolve along the typical ET phase path as follows:emergence of thermal asymmetry→losing upper-level warm core→losing lower-level cold core→evolving as extratropical cyclone.The TCs undergoing ETs over ocean and those with post-ET reintensification form a high-level cold core before the ET onset.The TCs with land ET have long distance between the landing TC and a high-level trough.That makes the TC maintain more tropical features and isolates the TC flow from the upstream and downstream jets of the midlatitude trough.The structure of circulation leads to weak development of baroclinicity in land ET.On the contrary,shorter distance between ocean TC and high-level trough makes the high-level trough absorb the TC absolutely.Under that baroclinicity-favorable environment,strong cold advection makes the TC lose its high-level warm core before ET onset.The composite fields confirm that the TC with ocean ET has stronger baroclinic features.Generally,the TC at land ET onset is located to the south of the ridge of the subtropical high,which tends to prevent the TCs from interacting with midlatitude circulation.But for the ocean ET,the situation is just the opposite.Similar analyses are also carried out for the TCs with and without post-ET reintensification over both land and ocean east of 150°E.The results further prove that the TC with stronger baroclinic characteristics,especially in the circumstance favorable to its interaction with high-level midlatitude systems,has more opportunity to reintensify as an extratropical cyclone after ET.  相似文献   

Holocene palaeoceanographic changes in Barrow Strait,Canadian Arctic: foraminiferal evidence     

Thomas R. Gregory  Christopher W. Smart  Malcolm B. Hart  Guillaume Massé  Lindsay L. Vare  Simon T. Belt 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(6):903-910

Holocene changes in the benthic and planktic foraminiferal fauna (>63 µm) from a marine sediment core (ARC‐3 Canadian Arctic Archipelago, 74° 16.050′ N, 91° 06.380′ W, water depth 347 m) show that significant environmental and palaeoceanographic variations occurred during the last 10 ka. Foraminiferal assemblages are restricted to the ca. 4.5–10 ka interval as younger samples are mostly barren of foraminifera due to intense carbonate dissolution after ca. 4.5 ka. Foraminiferal assemblages in the ca. 4.5–10 ka interval are dominated by the benthic species Islandiella helenae and Cassidulina reniforme (57% of total), with Elphidium clavatum, Cibicides lobatulus and Buccella frigida also being common in this interval. The dominance of these species indicates a seasonal sea ice regime which is consistent with the occurrence of the sea ice diatom‐derived organic geochemical biomarker IP₂₅ throughout the core. The abundances of C. reniforme and E. clavatum decline upcore; consistent with more frequent mixing of the Barrow Strait water column during the early Holocene. It is likely that the influence of CO₂‐rich Arctic surface water masses have caused an increase in bottom water corrosivity after ca. 8.5 ka, and dissolution has been further enhanced by sea ice‐related processes after ca. 6 ka, concomitant with increased IP₂₅ fluxes. Dissolution is strongest when IP₂₅ fluxes are highest, suggesting a link between the sea ice and benthic systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

用1/2.5万不规则网直接查证1/20万化探异常的尝试     

刘俊斌 《吉林地质》2012,31(2):80-83

尝试地运用1/2.5万不规则网土壤地球化学测量方法,对吉林省珲春市小西南岔金铜矿外围某勘查区的1/20万区域化探直接进行了查证,圈出两处地球化学综合异常,异常主成矿元素Au、Cu异常连续,浓集中心突出,浓度分带清晰,与伴生的As、Bi、Pb、Ag、Zn等元素异常套合较好,具有指导找矿作用。  相似文献   

塔河油田稠油中25-降苯并藿烷的检出及其意义     

李敏  ;田辉  ;肖贤明  ;张水昌  ;相明辉  ;盖海峰  ;程鹏  ;傅家谟 《地球化学》2014,(5):453-459

与苯并藿烷相比,25-降苯并藿烷的研究较少,目前这类化合物仅检出于加拿大和我国川西北的降解沥青中。本研究在塔河油田井下奥陶系储层稠油中检测到了完整系列的25-降苯并藿烷（C31-C34）,发现25-降苯并藿烷与苯并藿烷的比值与现有的生物降解评价参数有较好的可比性,且该参数在不同降解程度原油中的差别比其他参数更大,故今后有必要对其开展更深入的研究,以便更精细地评价原油的生物降解程度。  相似文献   

A search for H i in some peculiar faint dwarf galaxies     

Ayesha Begum  Jayaram N. Chengalur 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,362(2):609-611

We present a deep Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) search for H  i 21-cm emission from three dwarf galaxies, viz. POX 186, SC 24 and KKR 25. Based, in part, on previous single-dish H  i observations, these galaxies have been classified as a blue compact dwarf (BCD), a dwarf irregular and a transition galaxy, respectively. However, in conflict with previous single-dish detections, we do not detect H  i in SC 24 or KKR 25. We suggest that the previous single-dish measurements were probably confused with the local Galactic emission. In the case of POX 186, we confirm the previous non-detection of H  i but with substantially improved limits on its H  i mass. Our derived upper limits on the H  i mass of SC 24 and KKR 25 are similar to the typical H  i mass limit for dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies, whereas in the case of POX 186, we find that its gas content is somewhat smaller than is typical of BCD galaxies.  相似文献   

Sephadex G-25用于YML-1脱盐条件优化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖铭能  苏伟明  于立坚  马润娣 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(4):94-95

凝胶过滤(或称分子筛)层析是一种由限制分子通过多孔基质,按分子大小分离混合分子的技术[1]。凝胶过滤方法常用于生物样品脱盐,其操作简便易行,脱盐效果可靠[2]。由于可通过紫外和电导检测器监控整个层析过程、产品的纯度和回收率,又可连续自动进样和收集样品,自动化程度高,容易放大[3],所以,自上世纪60年代初始,随着层析介质技术的发展,Sephadex G-25系列凝胶过滤介质常用于实验室乃至工业规模的脱盐、小分子物质去除及缓冲液的置换。一般实验室脱盐常用透析方法,但其耗费时间长、缓冲液消耗量大,又易损失宝贵样品。笔者采用凝胶过滤法研…  相似文献   

Sea ice,ice‐rafting,and ocean climate across Denmark Strait during rapid deglaciation (∼16–12 cal ka BP) of the Iceland and East Greenland shelves          下载免费PDF全文

《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(1):112-130

  相似文献