胶州湾北部水层-底栖耦合生态系统的动力数值模拟分析   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

吴增茂  翟雪梅  张志南  俞光耀  张新玲  高山红 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(6):588-597

基于胶州湾1995年5航次的生态动力学综合实验观测，建立了一个水层－底栖生态系耦合的动力学箱式模型，其中水层亚模型包括浮游植物、浮游动物、无机氮、无机磷以及DOC、POC和溶解氧7变量，底栖部分包括大型、小型底栖生物、细胞、碎屑及无机氮和磷6变量。模型考虑了海面太阳辐照度变化、海水及底泥温度变化，以及营养盐与DOC陆源流入的影响，利用该模型成功地模拟了胶州湾北部各生态变量的季节变化特征。同吴增茂等（1999）水层模型模拟结果相比可以看出，耦合模型的结果更加合理。  相似文献   

闽南--台湾浅滩渔场中上层鱼类渔业分析     

吴志强  丘书院  杨圣云 《海洋湖沼通报》2000,(1):36-40

1994-1997年的渔业统计显示:夏、秋汛渔获量高于冬、春汛.本文还探讨了1987-1998年中上层鱼类渔获量的变化与厄尔尼诺现象等的可能关系,提出了保护中上层鱼类资源的一些建议.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Calanus finmarchicus dormancy patterns in the Northwest Atlantic   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Johnson  Catherine L.; Leising  Andrew W.; Runge  Jeffrey A.; Head  Erica J. H.; Pepin  Pierre; Plourde  Stephane; Durbin  Edward G. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2008,65(3):339-350

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Seasonal distribution of Calanus sinicus (Copepoda, Crustacea) in the East China Sea     

XU Zhaoli  CHEN Bijuan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2007,26(3):150-159

On the basis of the four-season investigation in 23°30′~33°N and 118°30′~128°E of the East China Sea from 1997 to 2000, the seasonal distribution of Calanus sinicus was studied with aggregation intensity, regression contribution and other statistical methods. It was inferred that C. sinicus’s predominance presented from winter to summer, especially in spring and summer, because its dominance amounted to 0.62 and 0.29 respectively. The percent of its abundance in copepod abundance was 76.71% in summer, greater than 66.60% in spring, greater than 19.02% in winter, greater than 4.02% in autumn. The occurrence frequency in winter and spring was 83.08% and 93.89%, higher than that in summer and autumn, 76.71% and 73.87%. Compared with other dominant species of copepods, C. sinicus’s contribution to the copepod abundance was obviously greater than that of the other species in winter, summer and spring, but smaller in autumn. C. sinicus tended to have an aggregated distribution. The clumping index peaked in summer (50.19), followed in spring (19.60), declined in autumn (13.18) and was the lowest in winter (3.04). The abundance changed in different seasons and areas, relating to temperature but not salinity in spring and autumn, to salinity but not temperature in summer; to neither temperature nor salinity in winter. In spring and summer, its high abundance area was often located in the mixed water mass formed by the Taiwan Warm Current, the Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass, the coastal water masses and the Changjiang Dilute Water. In spring and autumn, its abundance was affected by the warm current, as well as the runoff from continental rivers affected it in summer. It can be inferred that C. sinicus was adapted to wide salinity and temperature, as a euryhalinous and eurythermous species in the East China Sea.  相似文献   

浙江省过洋渔业发展现状及对策研究          下载免费PDF全文

郭爱  朱华潭  徐云  朱文斌  陈峰 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(8):27-32

浙江省为远洋渔业大省,但远洋渔业产业结构不均衡,过洋渔业有进一步的发展潜力。文章介绍浙江省过洋渔业发展现状,分析目前浙江省在亚洲、南美洲、非洲和大洋洲主要入渔国的资源状况和发展前景,从面临的挑战和有利的条件进一步分析浙江省过洋渔业的发展形势。在此基础上,结合当前国家远洋渔业政策,提出浙江省过洋渔业的发展建议,包括统一思想认识,转变发展方式;强化政策支持,解决发展短板;调整捕捞作业结构,促进平衡发展;鼓励兼并重组,培育现代规模企业;加快渔船建造和改造,提升渔船现代化水平;加强制度建设,保障健康发展;明确安全职责,促进合法合规生产;加大科技投入,加强科技支撑;从严培训教育,提高从业人员素质;发挥行业协会作用,强化行业自律。  相似文献   

Diel vertical migration of the copepod Calanus sinicus before and during formation of the Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water in the Yellow Sea     

KANG Jung-Hoon  SEO MinHo  KWON Oh Youn  KIM Woong-Seo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(9):99-106

To understand the effects of the Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water(YSCBW)on the diel vertical migration(DVM)of the copepod Calanus sinicus,we surveyed vertical distribution of C.sinicus at a fixed station in the Yellow Sea before(spring)and during(summer)formation of the YSCBW.Cold water(<10 C)was observed in the bottom layer when the water column was thermally stratified in summer,but the water column was thermally well-mixed in spring 2010.Samples were collected from five different layers at 3-h intervals using an opening-closing net.Adult females(1–155 ind./m3)showed a clear normal DVM pattern throughout the entire water column in spring,whereas adult males did not migrate.DVM of copepodite V(CV)individuals was not clear,but the maximum abundance of CI–CIV occurred consistently in the upper 10–20 m layer,where there was a high concentration of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)(0.49–1.19μg/L).In summer,weak DVM was limited to cold waters beneath the thermocline for adult females(<30 ind./m3),but not for adult males.The maximum abundance of CI–CIV also occurred consistently in the subsurface layer(20–40 m)together with high concentrations of Chl-a(0.81–2.36μg/L).CV individuals(1–272 ind./m3)moved slightly upward nocturnally to the near-surface layer(10–20 m),where the average temperature was 25.74 C,but they were not found in the surface layer(0–10 m;28.31 C).These results indicate that the existence of the YSBCW affected food availability at depth and the vertical temperature distribution,leading to variation in the amplitude and shape of stage-specific vertical distributions(CI to adults)in C.sinicus before and during the formation of cold waters in the Yellow Sea during the study period.  相似文献   

核酸指标对桡足类安氏伪镖水蚤摄食率、生长率及产卵率的指示作用     

何学佳  杨华明  吕柏东  尹健强 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(2):26-35

核酸指标可表征桡足类营养及生长状态, 然而多物种和多指标比较研究的相对缺乏却限制了现场海区调查中对核酸标志物的广泛应用。本研究测定了系列饵料浓度(0.2~2.0μg C·mL^-1)喂食的安氏伪镖水蚤Pseudodiaptomus annandalei的桡足幼体Ⅱ期个体的摄食率、生长率及成体产卵率, 并就生化组成, 包括RNA含量、DNA含量、蛋白含量(以下简写为PRO)、RNA:DNA、RNA:PRO、DNA:PRO及元素组成(N含量、P含量、C:N 和C:P比值)进行定量分析和计算。摄食率、生长率、产卵率及桡足幼体的RNA相关的核酸指标随饵料浓度的变化趋势均符合双曲线模型, 而雌性成体中仅RNA:DNA比值符合此模型。对RNA相关指标与各生理参数的相关性分析显示, 桡足幼体的RNA相关指标均与摄食率及生长率呈显著线性相关性, 显著程度的顺序为RNA:DNA>RNA:PRO>RNA含量; 雌性成体中RNA:DNA及RNA:PRO比值与产卵率显著相关, 前者的相关性远较后者显著。此结果表明, 在常用的现场浮游桡足类调查的标志比值(RNA:DNA比值或RNA含量)之外, RNA:PRO比值亦可作为指示桡足类生长状态的标志比值, 但是当指示体生长时, 桡足类必须处于同一生长阶段。RNA相关指标与饵料浓度之间稳固的双曲线相关性提示我们, RNA相关指标可帮助评估桡足类的饵料环境。  相似文献   

Colour origin of upper cretaceous pelagic red sediments within the Eastern Pontides, northeast Turkey   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Muhsin Eren  Selahattin Kadir 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1999,88(3):593-595

 Characteristic samples of Upper Cretaceous pelagic red sediments from different parts of the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive analyses (SEM/EDAX). The red sediments are composed of limestone and muddy limestone, and characterized by abundant planktonic foraminifers. Hematite content ranges from 0.5 to 3.0 wt.%. Electron microscope observations suggest that the hematite pigment has a diagenetic origin. The red colour is due to presence of hematite pigment, and indicates oxidizing conditions during early diagenesis in a relatively deep marine environment. Received: 4 January 1999 / Accepted: 8 July 1999  相似文献   

Temporal variation in abundance and fecundity of the invading copepod Eurytemora americana in Bahía Blanca Estuary during an unusual year     

Anabela A. Berasategui  Mónica S. HoffmeyerFlorencia Biancalana  Melisa Fernandez SeveriniMaría C. Menendez 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Eurytemora americana has been only reported as invader in Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina within the South Hemisphere. There are a few experimental researches under laboratory conditions done with this species and its reproductive behaviour around the world is very scarce. Consequently, it is still not possible to completely understand its population dynamics. In the present study, E. americana reproductive temporal behaviour and relationships among abundance, female size, egg production and hatching success were examined in the Bahía Blanca Estuary, during 2007 pulse. In order to determine the potential relationships between these variables and the environmental variables, experimental incubations were conducted in the laboratory simulating natural conditions. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to analyze the relationships among all variables. Temporal change of biotic and environmental variables was corroborated by a Mann–Whitney/Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric tests, with significant differences (p ? 0.01) in all variables throughout the study. Abundance population results showed very high values in relation to those recorded in recent years in Bahía Blanca Estuary. This response could be due to the unusual combination of environmental factors (polar wave with temperatures ≤6 °C and a drought period with high salinities, 32.7–36.6) recorded during the studied winter period. Significant positive correlations between abundance and salinity (p < 0.01, n = 226), and hatching success (p < 0.01, n = 25) as well as a significant negative correlation between abundance and chlorophyll a (p < 0.01, n = 226) were found. Although E. americana shows a k-strategy within its annual pulse, it presented two markedly distinct behaviours depending on temporal environmental variability. From July to early september, when the estuary evidenced high salinity, low temperature and high food availability, E. Americana showed large females, large clutch size and high hatching success. When environmental conditions became unfavorable from September to October, small females, small clutch size and very low hatching success were observed. The latter is associated with diapause egg laying which ensures population recruitment. According to our findings the particular combination of low temperatures, high salinities and high available food (i.e. variables which each year modulate its pulse) during 2007 winter–spring, favored the great development of E. americana. This invading species in its opportunistic role has managed to exploit a vacant niche in the estuary, developing two different behaviours within the k-strategy depending on change in environmental conditions.  相似文献   

Knowledge-based systems as decision support tools in an ecosystem approach to fisheries: Comparing a fuzzy-logic and a rule-based approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Astrid Jarre  Barbara Paterson  Coleen L. Moloney  David C.M. Miller  John G. Field  Anthony M. Starfield 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,79(2-4):390

In an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF), management must draw on information of widely different types, and information addressing various scales. Knowledge-based systems assist in the decision-making process by summarising this information in a logical, transparent and reproducible way. Both rule-based Boolean and fuzzy-logic models have been used successfully as knowledge-based decision support tools. This study compares two such systems relevant to fisheries management in an EAF developed for the southern Benguela. The first is a rule-based system for the prediction of anchovy recruitment and the second is a fuzzy-logic tool to monitor implementation of an EAF in the sardine fishery. We construct a fuzzy-logic counterpart to the rule-based model, and a rule-based counterpart to the fuzzy-logic model, compare their results, and include feedback from potential users of these two decision support tools in our evaluation of the two approaches. With respect to the model objectives, no method clearly outperformed the other. The advantages of numerically processing continuous variables, and interpreting the final output, as in fuzzy-logic models, can be weighed up against the advantages of using a few, qualitative, easy-to-understand categories as in rule-based models. The natural language used in rule-based implementations is easily understood by, and communicated among, users of these systems. Users unfamiliar with fuzzy-set theory must “trust” the logic of the model. Graphical visualization of intermediate and end results is an important advantage of any system. Applying the two approaches in parallel improved our understanding of the model as well as of the underlying problems. Even for complex problems, small knowledge-based systems such as the ones explored here are worth developing and using. Their strengths lie in (i) synthesis of the problem in a logical and transparent framework, (ii) helping scientists to deliberate how to apply their science to transdisciplinary issues that are not purely scientific, and (iii) representing vehicles for delivering state-of-the-art science to those who need to use it. Possible applications of this approach for ecosystems of the Humboldt Current are discussed.  相似文献