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近来，1986年中上层渔获量达7．4333万t，1987年史创历史记录高达12．07万t，并且1983年（厄年）金色小沙丁鱼产量也达到1．9587万t，仅次于历史最高水平的1971年的产量，但到1988半的产量仅为2778t，占中上层渔获量3．21％，从而从历史上第一位下降到第4位[1]，如此渔获量变动，其原因何在呢？笔者试就从海洋环境变异，捕捞力度等诸因素合理解释中上层渔获量变功，为科学管理和合理开发中上层鱼类资源寻找理论依据。 相似文献
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台湾海峡和邻近海域莹虾类的分布及其与渔业的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文记述了1975年至1984年台湾海峽及邻近海域莹是数量的季节变化和平面分布。分析了莹虾的数量变化与蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi Temminck. et. schlegel等中上层鱼类的渔获量变动的关系,和莹虾密集区分布与鱼类索饵洄游路线、中心渔场的分布等的关系。对水文因素—莹虾—鱼群三者之间的关系进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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台湾海峡生态系统对海洋环境年际变动的响应分析 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
通过比较1985~2001年的海表温度与其间收集的现场营养盐、浮游植物和浮游动物丰度及群落结构变动信号,以及1971~1998年的中上层鱼类渔获量变动信息,发现了台湾海峡生态系统对物理环境年际变动产生的响应迹象.1997 年夏季台湾海峡处于偏冷状态,南部近岸上升流强度减弱;1997年冬季正值一个较强的暖事件发展到顶峰,北上入侵暖水强度增强、浙闽沿岸冷水强度减弱.导致这两个时期营养盐分布特征改变,发生了一系列从浮游植物到浮游动物,从生物量到群落结构的异常响应,暖水性中上层鱼类渔获量则似乎呈现出El Niño年偏高的趋势.根据有限的辅助证据推测,El Niño很可能不是控制台湾海峡海洋环境年际变动的强信号,而台湾海峡的气候海洋生态长期低频变动可能更多地受到东亚季风中国边缘海系统的控制. 相似文献
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近来，１９８６年中上层渔获量达７．４３３３万ｔ，１９８７年更创历史记录高达１２．０７万ｔ，并且１９８３年金色小洗涤 丁鱼产量也达到１．９５８７万ｔ，仅次于历史最高水平的１９７１年的产量，但到１９８８年的产量仅为２７７８ｔ，占中上层渔获量３．２１％，从而从历史上第一位下降到第４位，如此渔获量变动，其原因何在呢？笔者试就从海洋环境变异，捕捞力度等诸因素合理解释中上层渔获量变动，为科学管理和合理开发中上 相似文献
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据文献可知,在探讨闽南-台湾浅滩渔场上升流演变与渔业生产关系时,在厄尔尼诺年(例如1976年)夏季,发现在该渔场只存在一单元上升流,而且这一年中上层鱼类捕获量锐减;在非厄尔尼诺年(例如1975年)夏季,则存在多单元上升流,而该年中上层鱼类捕获量骤增。但是,在厄尔尼诺年夏季,闽南-台湾浅滩渔场是否只存在一单元上升流,而且翌年中上层鱼类捕获量是否都锐减了呢?笔者对这些问题进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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厦门东海域鱼类的群落结构及种类多样性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2003年7月至2006年6月对厦门东部海域用定置网和流刺网渔获鱼类进行周年逐月采样分析.结果表明,该海域鱼类至少有287种,录属于21目87科164属,以鲈形目最多,有151种,占总种数的52.6%.渔获物组成以近岸小型鱼类为主,底层鱼类和中下层鱼类合计有235种,占81.88%;中上层鱼类仅52种,占18.12%.鱼类的亚热带动物区系特征明显,暖水性种类达221种,占77%,暖温性种类66种,占23%,未出现冷温性种类及冷水性种类.鱼类种类存在明显的季节更替现象,月更替率大多在30%以上,最高达72.1%.定置网渔获鱼类年平均数量为277尾·网-1,年平均产量为1.93kg·网-1,平均数量和平均产量均以夏季大于秋季大于春季大于冬季;月平均数量和月平均产量均以8月最高,分别为700尾·网-1和5.0kg·网-1,2月最低,分别仅为55尾·网-1和0.38kg·网-1.种类丰度及数量变化与海域水温变化总体呈正相关关系.Shannon-Wiener种类多样性指数的月变化在1.555-4.337之间,多数月份的指数值在3以上,多样性水平较高.渔获鱼类中经济种类占比例较大,但绝大多数个体都比较小,年平均尾重仅6.97g.根据营养动态法估算潜在资源量为1 133.30t年-1,目前厦门东海域鱼类总渔获量已超过最大可捕量一倍以上,应加强资源的管理和保护. 相似文献
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当前,世界主要沿海渔业国家为适应资源变化的形势,十分重视新渔场和新捕捞对象的开发利用,并从底层鱼类资源的利用逐步转向对中上层鱼类资源的开发利用。80年代以来,世界中上层鱼类的年产量达到27×10~(6t),占世界海洋鱼类年总产量的36%左右。日本海洋鱼类的年产量为11×10~(6t),中上层鱼类的年产量约占49%。而我国近年来的海洋捕捞年产量约 相似文献
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闽南-台湾浅滩渔场位子印度—西太平洋暖水性动物区系马来亚区北部。该渔场中上层鱼类种类多,数量也较大,在渔业上有一定地位。本文据厦门市1973—1980年共八年的逐月机帆船光诱围网渔获物组成和产量(其中1979年11月缺),及相应年、月生产船数和日数的统计资料,分析该海域中上层趋光性鱼类的群聚结构特点及其时间变化,并探讨了多样性指数、均匀度、鱼种数、最大多样性指数和优势种数诸特征值与资源量指标值(CPUE)的关系,以供海洋鱼类群聚生态研究和渔业生产管理参考。 相似文献
11.
Analysis on the indicator species and ecological groups of pelagic ostracods in the East China Sea 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
XU Zhaoli 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(6):83-93
Ecological adaptation and ecological groups of pelagic ostracods were examined in the East China Sea （23°30′-33°00′N, 118°30′ -128°00′E）, in relation to temperature and salinity. The data were collected in four surveys conducted from 1997 to 2000. The density, yield density, or negative exponent models were used to determine the optimal temperature and salinity of water for the thriving growth of pelagic ostracods. Thereafter, ecological groups and potential distribution patterns of pelagic ostracods were determined based on the predicted parameters such as optimal temperature and salinity, consulting the geographic distribution. The analytical results indicate that, among the numerical dominant pelagic ostracods in the East China Sea （ECS）, Euconchoecia aculeata, E. elongata, E. chierchiae, E. maimai, and Cypridina dentata, etc. are offshore subtropical water species. These species are widely distributed in the area, and they can be brought by the warm current to north offshore during spring and winter. The predicated optimal temperature （OT） and optimal salinity （OS） for Paraconchoecia decipiens, P. echinata, P. spini- fera, P. oblonga, Conchoecia magna and Porroeciaporrecta are all greater than 25℃ and 34 separately. These species are mainly distributed in the waters of the Kuroshio, the Taiwan Warm Current, and the Taiwan Strait, and therefore are designated as ocean- ic tropical water species. On the other hand, Pseudoconchoecia concerttrica is considered as offshore subtropical water species based on its geographical distribution although its OT is 19℃. The other species, though their OSs are approximately 34 and with OTs ranging from 20° to 25℃, are considered as offshore subtropical water species because they were found to be widely distributed from the South China Sea to the East China Sea. 相似文献
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流沙湾海草床海域浮游动物的群落
结构和季节变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2008年2—11月采用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网对广东省流沙湾海草床海域的浮游动物进行了周年的季节调查, 研究了其群落结构、季节变化及影响因素。结果表明, 流沙湾海草床海域浮游动物共有49种和13类浮游幼虫, 群落结构主要由桡足类和浮游幼虫所组成。优势种共有20种(类), 4季均为优势种的种类有2种: 针刺拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤。年均丰度和生物量分别为84.8ind/m3和132.2mg/m3, 高峰期位于夏季, 低谷位于冬季, 周年变化基本上为单峰型。浮游动物生物量与丰度、pH值呈显著的正相关, 与叶绿素a和水温呈较明显的相关性, 而生物量和丰度与盐度和PO43?呈负相关, 与其它环境因子相关性不明显。 相似文献
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长江口鱼类食物网与营养结构的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
鱼类食物网是海洋生态系统中物质循环与能量流动的重要途径,营养结构则是表明能量流动过程中不同消费者的营养水平以及消费者之间的营养关系,二者对研究海洋生态系统中鱼类捕食与被捕食、种间竞争、种群调节以及数量变动等都具有重要意义。但国内、外关于长江口鱼类食物网及营养结构的研究尚未见详细报道。
为探讨三峡工程对河口生态系统的影响,中国科学院海洋研究所于1985年9月至1986年8月对长江口及邻近海域进行了周年综合性本底调查,并对长江口鱼类食物类型作了简单的描述(刘瑞玉、罗秉征等,1987),本文根据以上资料对长江口60种主要鱼类的食物组成、摄食生态类型、食物网与营养结构进行了分析,以期为研究长江口生态系统的功能、生物生产过程以及合理开发利用长江口渔业资源提供科学依据。 相似文献
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C. Franco-Gordo E. Godínez-Domínguez A.E. Filonov J. Freire 《Progress in Oceanography》2004,63(3):99-123
The temporal and spatial distributions of zooplankton biomass and larval fish recorded during 27 months (December 1995-December 1998) off the Pacific coast of central México are analyzed. A total of 316 samples were obtained by surface (from 40-68 to 0 m) oblique hauls at 12 sampling sites using a Bongo net. Two well-defined periods were observed: a pre-ENSO period (December 1995-march 1997) and an ENSO event (July 1997-September 1998) characterized by impoverishment of the pelagic habitat. The highest biomass concentrations occurred at coastal stations during the pre-ENSO period. During the El Niño period no spatial patterns were found in coastal waters. The months with highest biomass were those in which the lowest sea surface temperature (SST) occurred (January-May), and this pattern was also observed during the ENSO period. A typical, although attenuated, seasonal environmental pattern with enhanced phytoplankton (diatoms and dinoflagellates) was prevalent during the El Niño event in nearshore waters. During the El Niño period the phytoplankton was mainly small diatoms (microphytoplankton), while dinoflagellates were practically absent. The most parsimonious generalized linear models explaining spatial and temporal distribution of larval fish species included the ENSO index (MEI), upwelling index (UI) and distance to the coast. The environmental variability defined on an interannual time-scale by the ENSO event and the seasonal hydroclimatic pattern defined by the UI (intra-annual-scale) controlled the ecosystem productivity patterns. The small-scale distribution patterns (defined by a cross-shore gradient) of plankton were related to the hydroclimatic seasonality and modulated by interannual anomalies. 相似文献
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Data from three annual surveys, covering inshore and offshore waters of the southeastern North Sea, were analysed to study recruitment variability in dab (Limanda limanda) over the period 1978–1997. Geometric mean abundance of 0- to 5-group dab was estimated using general linear models. Juvenile dab (0- and 1-group) were found over the entire area, from inside the estuaries to 50 m depth offshore. Environmental conditions (water temperature, wind stress, turbidity) affected the catch rates. The potential errors in the estimates of year-class strength, caused by differences in catchability, are discussed. The inter-annual pattern of year-class strength appeared to be established between ages 1 and 2, suggesting that factors determining recruitment are not restricted to the pelagic early life phase only, but also operate during the demersal juvenile phase. Recruitment variability at age 2 was in the order of 50–60% and appears to be equal to, or lower than, recruitment variability in plaice and sole. These results contradict expectations based on the concentration hypothesis, which states that the degree of variation in recruitment is inversely related to the degree of concentration during early life phases. 相似文献
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洪辉亮 《海洋学报(英文版)》1986,5(4):552-562
No Jess than 90 species of detrital minerals have been identified from the fine and very fine sand grains in the sediments from the Western Central Pacific. It is demonstrated that the volcanic minerals were originated from the eruption of oceanic tholeiitic magma since the Early Pleistocene according to the mineralogical indications and the rare-earth element distribution pattern. The mineral assemblage indicates that the detrital minerals are principally of pelagic origin. But the Melanesia Basin has more terrigenous constituents of minerals, of which, the quartz content increased generally during the interglacial periods. The area of Wallis Islands, especially of the Northern Fiji Basin has relatively typical pelagic substances and less terrigenous components. The genesis of the authigenic manganese nodules is closely related to the brown clay and can also be found in the calcium carbonate sediments in form of fine grain, but not in the relatively loose calciferous volcanic ash bed in the Northern Fi 相似文献
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The Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program (ARSRP) acquired a unique set of towed vertical array data across a sediment
pond adjacent to the mid-Atlantic ridge. Processing of the deep-towed vertical array data to map the subbottom structure within
the sediment pond provided the basis for a geological interpretation of the pelagic sediments contained within the pond. The
layering in this pond is parallel and subparallel in nature with very gentle dips increasing with depths of the sediment.
The gentle dips and the faults within the sediment layers are the result of differential compaction and slumping of the sediments.
Received: 20 February 1997 / Revision received: 1 October 1997 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):119-128
A particle-size spectrum model is used to estimate standing stocks of some pelagic fish from measurements of phytoplankton chlorophyll in two exploited regions in southern Africa (southern Benguela and off South West Africa/Namibia) and in two unexploited regions (the Agulhas Bank and off the eastern Cape Province). The model is based on the assumption that equal biomasses occur in logarithmically equal size classes in the pelagic marine environment. Phytoplankton, with an equivalent spherical diameter ranging from 1 to 128 μm, occupy 21 size classes on the logarithmic scale. Two different size ranges are assumed for some commercial, pelagic fish species, equivalent to exploitation with two different purse-seine mesh sizes. A mesh of 12,7 mm would catch 8 size classes of pilchard, horse mackerel and anchovy whereas a mesh of 32 mm would catch only 3,3 size classes of pilchard and horse mackerel. From the model, the potential biomass of these commercial pelagic fish is estimated, after allowing for the presence of other commercial and non-commercial fish and other taxa in the exploited size range. Total pelagic fish production is estimated by assuming constant turnover rates of 1·y?1 and 1,5·y?1 when exploited with 32 and 12,7 mm mesh nets respectively. Consideration of the maximum and mean reported catches in the exploited areas indicates that only some 25 per cent of pelagic fish production is exploitable by man. On this basis, the unexploited Agulhas Bank region may yield some 400 000 metric tons (wet) of pelagic fish of the species considered, and the East Coast region some 90 000 tons. Exploitation in these regions cannot be recommended, because the Agulhas Bank is an important spawning ground for many pelagic species, and the fish in both regions probably act as a reserve buffer for the heavily exploited pelagic resource of the Western Cape. 相似文献