AUV长基线系统海上应用中若干问题分析     

冀大雄  陈孝桢  李一平  刘健  封锡盛 《海洋工程》2007,25(4):92-95

对"CR-02"6 000 m自治水下机器人长基线声学定位系统海上试验中的若干问题从理论上进行分析和计算,并提出了解决方案。海上试验证明了方法的有效性和可靠性,为进一步的试验及应用积累工程经验。  相似文献   

基于Ecopath模型的孟加拉国孟加拉湾海域营养结构和能量流动分析     

Karim Ehsanul  刘群  薛莹  Hasan Shanur Jahedul  Hoq M Enamul  Mahmud Yahia 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(10):27-42

依据现有研究提供的信息,在孟加拉国孟加拉湾（BoB）新划定的超过90 000 km²的海域基于Ecopath方法利用2016年7月至2017年6月的数据构建了该生态系统的营养通道模型。对食物网中营养级从1（主要生产者和碎屑）到3.45（鲨鱼）的各功能群之间的营养相互作用进行评估,所研究的共19个功能群被认为代表了其中所有的营养级。大多数消费者的生态营养转换效率（EE）超过0.80;表明这是一个被高度利用的生态系统,并且从低营养级到高营养级有较高的能量转换效率。此外,整个生态系统的净效率（0.0018）和能量转换效率（11.12%）标志着当前这一"正在发展中的生态系统"已趋向成熟。生态系统的冗余度（64.6）和聚合度（35.4）也表明了这一生态系统的稳定性。因此,本研究认为这一海域具有显著的后备力量面对压力情况并有能力快速恢复到初始状态。  相似文献   

基于地球椭球面模型的海上划界方法     

张建辉  金继业 《测绘科学》2013,38(3):16-17,30

目前,世界上还有许多国家的海洋边界没得到确定,由此引起的国家间海上争端事件不断。因此,开展海洋划界技术和方法研究,科学精确地确定两国间海洋边界显得十分必要。本文阐述了基于墨卡托投影的海图进行海上划界方法的不足,研究了利用高斯平均引数大地主题解算计算点到大地线的球面距离模型,最后设计了基于地球椭球面模型的等比例海上划界算法,并基于ArcGIS Engine实现划界功能。  相似文献   

美国岛链封锁及其对我国海上安全的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

史春林  李秀英 《世界地理研究》2013,(2)

新中国成立以来,美国及其盟国利用西太平洋岛链对中国采取封锁战略,严重威胁着中国在太平洋海上出海通道的安全。因此中国应从被动到积极应对,采取有效措施冲破岛链封锁,打通出海口,维护中国海上航线及其咽喉要道的安全:一是要把解决台湾问题作为核心关键;二是要把解决南海问题作为重要突破口;三是要把争夺钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿控制权和坚决反对日本利用冲之鸟礁来扩大专属经济区的错误做法作为支撑;四是要加强对岛链和出海通道的科学研究,同时要运用有关国际海洋法维护自身权利,并增强应急能力;五是要努力争取获得在印度洋的出海口;六是要加强各种层次和各种领域的国际合作;七是要不断提升中国海军近海防御和远海防卫作战能力。  相似文献   

Island Exceptionalism and International Maritime Conflicts     

Elizabeth Nyman 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):221-229

Scholars have argued that due to their special geographical circumstances, island states develop a different relationship with maritime space than their continental counterparts. This is generally attributed both to island residents’ greater access to and benefit from oceanic resources and also to the metaphysical qualities of life that uniquely develop on islands. This article investigates deeper into the phenomenon of geographically determined island exceptionality by considering whether island states and mainland states truly behave differently when it comes to their treatment of and behavior in maritime spaces. Through an analysis of disputed areas in the International Correlates of War maritime data, I consider whether island states are more likely to try and confirm sovereignty over disputed maritime waters than mainland states. My examination of disputed maritime areas in the Western Hemisphere and Europe from 1900 to 2001 shows that indeed island states are both more likely to try and settle a disputed maritime area, whether by force or by negotiated resolution. This finding is then used to raise new questions about the geographic differences that characterize island states in the world political system.  相似文献   

Environmental effects of the MV Rena shipwreck: cross-disciplinary investigations of oil and debris impacts on a coastal ecosystem     

DR Schiel  PM Ross  CN Battershill 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2016,50(1):1-9

ABSTRACT

The 2011 wreck of the MV Rena off the northeast coast of New Zealand, and subsequent impacts, has been called New Zealand's worst ever maritime environmental disaster. It is certainly one of the world's most complex as it involved a pollutant combination of oil and dangerous goods debris in a dynamic oceanic environment adjacent to a pristine coastline. Heavy fuel oil, shipping containers loaded with cargo, and a wide range of wreck debris and contaminants were spread along hundreds of kilometres of coastline of the Bay of Plenty. Much of this landed on sandy beaches and rocky shores. Broken containers released often toxic substances, and the wreck itself slid down the pinnacle of the wreck site at Astrolabe Reef (Otaiti). The reef remains heavily contaminated, with substantial remnants of the ship and its cargo present, and chemical effects still evident in some species. Here we present the background and timeline of events that unfolded after the grounding. The following articles contain the results of the ensuing chemical, toxicological and ecological studies of contamination and environmental recovery. At the time of writing, numerous legacy issues remain.  相似文献   

论我国沿海地区的海陆经济一体化   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

栾维新  王海英 《地理科学》1998,18(4):342-348

在给定了海洋产业概念的基础上,重点论述了海域自然基础的特殊性,海洋产业结构与陆域产业结构的差异,并从技术和陆域产业向海洋延伸的可能性等方面分析了海洋产业和陆域产业间形成差异的原因;在海岸带地区由海洋生态系统和陆域生态系统所形成的复合生态系统是海陆产业联系的自然基础,而海洋产业对陆域的技术和空间上的依赖则决定了海陆经济一体化的必然性;最后,作者从发展临海产业,海陆统一规划和协调海陆生态系统等三方面论  相似文献   

利用ArcGIS Engine开发海洋权益信息系统     

张建辉  毕文璐 《测绘科学》2012,(4):55-56

本文提出了系统建设的特点、目标和原则,设计系统的整体架构,并利用ArcGIS Engine相关组件、接口和三维椭球体量算技术,开发实现系统相关功能。  相似文献   

地波雷达目标检测跟踪联合处理粒子滤波方法          下载免费PDF全文

付尚生  纪永刚  黎明  王祎鸣 《海洋科学进展》2021,39(1):128-135

针对固定粒子数PF-TBD算法计算量大、复杂环境下地波雷达海上船只目标检测与跟踪性能不佳的问题,本文将粒子滤波方法应用于地波雷达船只目标检测与跟踪中,提出了基于自适应粒子滤波的地波雷达目标检测与跟踪联合处理方法。该方法结合地波雷达回波谱中目标展宽特性,充分利用了地波雷达回波谱中面目标的粒子权重信息来设置粒子自适应采样策略,提高了目标检测和跟踪联合处理的效果。通过地波雷达实测数据的目标跟踪结果及与同步AIS信息的比对分析,结果表明:提出的检测跟踪联合处理方法在对低信噪比、快速机动等复杂环境下的多目标跟踪时,可提高目标整体跟踪性能。  相似文献   

Isobathymetric Line Simplification with Conflict Removal Based on a B-spline Snake Model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eric Guilbert  Hui Lin 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):169-195

This paper introduces a new method for the smoothing of isobathymetric lines for marine chart construction. Specific constraints have to be observed as the chart must be legible and safe for navigation. The method, based on a snake model, respects these constraints of legibility and safety which impose a direction for curve deformation. Conflicts such as self-intersections are also considered. These two points are the main contributions of the paper as current methods cannot deal with such constraints. Several case studies are presented and results obtained on real data are discussed.  相似文献