从地图看中国南海海域疆界线的形成与演进——中国南海九条断续国界线   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张耀光  刘锴  刘桂春 《地理科学》2012,(9):1033-1040

南海诸多岛礁是中国最早发现的领土,南海九条断续线是中国海域疆界线。南海九条断续线的形成与演进,既是重要的海洋地缘政治问题,也是维护国家主权权益和岛礁保护与资源管理的重要问题。南海断续国界线形成的历史线索是中国历史研究中一个尚未拓展的领域。地图是国际上确认领土的一种证据,除了用文字进行阐述外,着重利用地图本身特有的功能来反映这条界线的形成与发展过程。这条疆界线的形成分为雏形期、形成期、成型期3个时期:在20世纪30年代以前,出现在南海的中国海上疆界线的时期,为疆界线形成的雏形期;20世纪30年代为南海疆界线的形成期;20世纪40~50年代,为南海海域疆界线的成型期。从以上时期的地图上可以形象地看到这条海上疆界线的"连续线"和"断续线"2种画法。同时从地图发展上可以直观地看到这条疆界线由11条线演变成为现今的9条线。这条海域疆界线的形成与演变过程,说明了南海9条断续海域疆界线内的岛礁是中国领土的历史事实,南海9条断续海域疆界线是中国海上国界线。  相似文献   

海洋气团对沿海城市大气环境影响与识别研究     

石红旗  王霄曈  张昊阳  石博欣  张睿 《海洋科学》2018,42(12):100-108

本研究通过识别海洋气团特征及沿海城市大气受到海洋气团的影响方式与程度,为评价沿海城市空气环境质量提供科学依据。以青岛市为例,收集大气气溶胶样品中放射性核素~(210)Pb、40K数据及采集时段当地大气颗粒物数据;分析~(210)Pb活度浓度与气溶胶颗粒物浓度变化;对当地当时大气气团进行溯源分析。研究表明:(1)研究期间青岛沿岸地区2015年4月至2016年6月与2016年6月至2017年6月大气污染特征显著不同,前者~(210)Pb活度浓度与污染颗粒物浓度显著相关,而后者~(210)Pb活度浓度与污染颗粒物无相关关系;(2)穿越海洋的陆地气团呈现出高活度浓度、低颗粒物浓度的特征;来自海洋气团的气溶胶呈现出低活度浓度、低颗粒物浓度的特征;(3)海洋气团气溶胶中~(210)Pb活度浓度较低。临近大陆的海洋(黄海、东海)上层大气受到大陆气团的影响,其海洋气团的特征有所减弱。~(210)Pb活度浓度、颗粒物浓度(PM2.5)可作为判断海洋气团的指标,识别"来自海洋的气团"与"经过海洋的气团"。  相似文献   

Maritime network dynamics before and after international events   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhixiang Fang  Hongchu Yu  Feng Lu  Mingxiang Feng  Meng Huang 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(7):937-956

Investigating the influence of international events on global maritime networks is a challenging task that must comprehensively incorporate geographical, political, and maritime sciences. Understanding global maritime network dynamics is an initial and critical step in this investigation. This study proposes an automatic identification system (AIS)-based approach to understanding maritime network dynamics before and after international events. In this approach, a spatiotemporal modeling method is introduced to measure the similarity in shipping trends before and after international events. Then, a spatiotemporal analytic framework is proposed to understand the maritime network dynamics by grouping similar situation, and assessing possible indirect effects within a network. Finally, three case studies of international events, military conflict, lifted economic sanctions, and government elections, were used to investigate the observed network dynamics possibly affected by international events. The results indicate that container, tanker, and bulk shipping between India and its connected countries all declined more than 69% after military conflicts between India and Pakistan in August 2015. Tanker shipping between Iran and the United Arab Emirates increased 51% after economic sanctions on Iran were lifted. Container shipping between Sri Lanka and Singapore, Malaysia, and India increased more than 74% after the general election in Sri Lanka. These investigations demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in assessing the possible effects of international events on maritime network dynamics.  相似文献   

基于ArcGIS for Maritime的海事测绘信息数据库构建     

林昱  杜清运  杨龙 《地理信息世界》2016,(5):22-27

针对海事测绘信息数据的特点建立统一的数据库,对数据进行规范的组织、存储和管理是海事测绘信息数据服务海洋发展的关键环节。本文归纳了海事测绘信息数据的常见类型,针对各类数据提出了数据库构建方案,以海事测绘部门数据集为基础,进行了海事测绘信息建库的实践,为实现海事测绘的信息化、智能化和规范化服务探索了一条新的途径。  相似文献   

川蔓藻在再生水体中对普通小球藻的化感作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王卫红  季民  王苗苗  张楠  唐运平  张志杨 《湖泊科学》2007,19(3):321-325

采用川蔓藻植株体与普通小球藻在再生水中共培养和使用再生水种植川蔓藻的种植水纯培养普通小球藻的方法,在实验室条件下研究了在滨海再生水河道中生长的沉水植物川蔓藻对小球藻的化感作用.结果表明,川蔓藻对普通小球藻具有显著的抑制作用.在共培养实验中,96 h的抑制率为88.86%;在种植水纯培养实验中,96 h的抑制率为48.91%.川蔓藻的种植水对普通小球藻的化感作用系数平均为-0.2448.川蔓藻的叶和根的种植水对普通小球藻均有抑制效果,96 h的抑制率为叶34.71%,根14.12%;平均的化感作用系数叶为-0.1317,根为-0.0901;川蔓藻的根和叶均能释放化感物质,但抑制小球藻的化感物质主要通过叶释放.  相似文献   

自然延伸概念及相关地质要素在海域划界中的影响效力分析     

邱文弦  金翔龙  方银霞  王奎 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(2):35-42

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entitled the coastal States to naturally extend the continental shelf, which has caused more drastic disputes of maritime delimitation. This paper devotes to clarifying the significant concept of natural prolongation through an effect method combing the legal principles and technical analysis. Firstly, the classic samples with respect of the development of geological features are traced. Based on these samples, the classification with a model is proposed in order to affirm the concept''s significance under certain geomorphologic situations. Lastly, scientific analysis is used to present two potential prolongation situations and emphasize that all the technical analysis on maritime delimitation should be complied with international law and protect the common interest of all the mankind.  相似文献   

A Novel Approach of Using Selected Unconventional Geodesic Methods of Estimation on VTS Areas     

Krzysztof Czaplewski  Mariusz Wąż  Marek Hubert Zienkiewicz 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(5):447-468

Abstract

The Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) systems belong to the fundamental tools used in ensuring a high level of safety across sea basins with heavy traffic, where the presence of navigational hazards poses a great risk of collision or a ship running aground. In order to determine the mutual location of ships, VTS systems obtain information from different facilities, such as coastal radar stations, AIS, and vision systems. Fixing a ship’s position is always accompanied by a degree of error, but the degree of error depends on the specific position fixing system used. In order to increase the accuracy of position fixing in VTS systems, the authors propose the use of contemporary geodetic methods. The article presents the theoretical fundamentals of two unconventional geodesic methods of estimation: M estimation and M_split(q)estimation and the authors’ own proposal of their application in VTS systems. The article concludes with a test verifying theoretical assumptions, performed with the use of a computer application allowing position fixing with the use of selected robust adjustment methods. Furthermore, an example is presented of M_split(q)estimation as used for the acquisition of low-signal radar echoes, which in VTS systems are not automatically identified for tracking. The level of the echo signal makes it difficult for a VTS controller to separate these objects from typical radar noise and interference.  相似文献   

典型国际海洋划界案例相似性研究     

于金星  张新军  贾俊涛  朱颖 《海洋测绘》2013,33(4):75-78

简要研究了2012年国际法院最新判例——尼加拉瓜诉哥伦比亚领土和海洋划界案,总结了本案中国际法院关于海上争议岛屿主权判定把握的要点,国际法院受理该案件的理由和受理的内容。国际法院用三阶段方法确立尼加拉瓜和哥伦比亚海上边界。提出了维护我国海洋权益必须研究国际最新判例相似性的建议。  相似文献   

海事英语安全用语的特点及其翻译     

李虹 《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(2):60-63

海事英语安全用语是有关海事安全的交际用语,主要应用于遇险、搜救、安全通信、交管系统等各种海事安全环境之中,词汇丰富、专业性强、形式多样,同时又具有语言格式化、模块化、符号化和信号化特点。这种用语的翻译必须注重术语的规范性、概念的范畴性和语体的顺应性。  相似文献   

The European Marine Strategy: Contribution and challenges from a Portuguese perspective     

Catarina Frazão Santos  Zara Gonçalves Teixeira  João Janeiro  Renata Sousa Gonçalves  Rhema Bjorkland  Michael Orbach 《Marine Policy》2012

The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is considered to be the environmental pillar of the EU Integrated Maritime Policy, establishing a framework within which member states must take the necessary measures to achieve, or maintain, good environmental status in their marine waters. This study presents Portugal's contributions to the Directive development, describes the Portuguese institutional framework within the MSFD and, finally, highlights the opportunities and threats to the success of the MSFD implementation in Portugal. The latter entails an analysis of the Directive's long term adequacy in its link to (1) marine spatial planning, (2) climate change and (3) the economic/financial crisis. With one of Europe's largest exclusive economic zones. Portugal's interest in the MSFD is paramount. Efforts towards the approval of the final document were assured during the Portuguese presidency of the European Council of Ministers, in 2007, while chairing a thorough discussion between the Council and the European Parliament. In the Portuguese context, the Directive implementation will rely on the Water Institute as the authoritative entity, which will be responsible for coordinating all necessary efforts at the national level. The success of such process depends on a close cooperation among the institutions involved as well as on how approved measures account for long term issues. In addition, the MSFD implementation must be built on lessons learned within the Water Framework Directive, in order to be successful. Although it poses a methodological challenge to Portugal, the MSFD implementation is expected to contribute significantly to the improvement of coastal/marine conservation and management at the national level.  相似文献