Unsteady soil erosion due to rainfall impact: a model of sediment sorting on the hillslope   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

P. B. Hairsine  G. C. Sander  C. W. Rose  J. -Y. Parlange  W. L. Hogarth  I. Lisle  H. Rouhipour 《Journal of Hydrology》1999,220(3-4):115-128

A new method is presented for predicting sediment sorting associated with soil erosion by raindrop impact for non-equilibrium conditions. The form of soil erosion considered is that which results from raindrop impact in the presence of shallow overland flow itself where the flow is not capable of eroding sediment. The method specifically considers early time runoff and erosion when sediment leaving an eroding area is generally finer and thus may have a higher potential for transport of sorbed pollutants. The new mechanism described is the formation of a deposited layer on the soil surface, which is shown to lead to sediment sorting during an erosion event. The deposited layer is taken to have two roles in this process: to temporarily store sediment on the surface between successive trajectories, and to shield the underlying soil from erosive stresses. Equations describing the dynamics of the suspended sediment mixture and the deposited layer are developed. By integrating these equations over the length of eroding land element and over the duration of the erosion event, an event-based solution is proposed which predicts total sediment sorting over the event. This solution is shown to be consistent with experimentally observed trends in enrichment of fine sediment. Predictions using this approach are found to only partly explain measured enrichment for sets of experimental data for two quite different soils, but to be in poor agreement for an aridsol of dispersive character. It is concluded that the formation of the deposited layer is a significant mechanism in the enrichment of fine sediment and associated sorbed pollutants, but that processes in the dispersive soil are not as well described by the theory presented.  相似文献   

三江平原土壤质量变化评价与分析   总被引：45，自引：3，他引：42  

胡金明  刘兴土 《地理科学》1999,19(5):417-421

土壤质量是土壤特性的综合反映,是揭示人类活动影响下的土壤动态变化的最敏感的指标,建立土壤质量变化评价模式,计算三江平原地区主要耕作土壤表层土（耕作层）的土壤质量矩阵。利用主要耕作土壤表层土的土壤质量指数的变化来定量地分要三江平原地区大面积开荒后土壤质量的变化趋势,结果表明,大面积开荒后主要耕作土壤的表层土的土壤质量指数均呈下降趋势,土壤发生了明显的经,最后还探讨了一变化趋势的形成原因。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地土壤微生物区系季节动态的初步研究     

吕桂芬 《中国沙漠》1999,19(Z1):107-109

通过对流动沙丘、半固定沙地、固定沙地及其附近农田黄土和农田黑土中主要土壤微生物类群的好气型细菌、放线菌、丝状真菌和芽孢型杆菌不同季节数量的测定结果表明,微生物类群不同,所表现的季节变化有明显差异。放线菌和芽孢杆菌的生长高峰在春季,丝状真菌的高峰在夏季,好气型细菌的生长高峰出现在秋季。另外,土壤微生物的数量随土壤质地的不同也表现出显著变化,可划分为几种情形,即农田型、固定和半固定沙地型以及流动沙地型。  相似文献   

砾石覆盖对土壤吹蚀的抑制效应   总被引：25，自引：8，他引：17  

刘连友  刘玉璋 《中国沙漠》1999,19(1):60-62

在风洞实验室模拟测定了不同砾石覆盖密度和覆盖方式的土壤吹蚀速率。结果表明,砾石覆盖对吹蚀速率的抑制作用可表达为砾石铺压的密度效应和空间排列效应。在一定的风力条件下,吹蚀速率随砾石覆盖密度的增加呈现指数递减变化;在一定的铺压密度下,不同铺压方式表现出不同的吹蚀抑制效应,从小到大依次是：平行条带铺压＜簇状铺压＜斜交条带铺压＜垂直条带铺压＜随机铺压。  相似文献   

土质边坡剖面上动力响应异常点与潜在滑动面位置的关系研究          下载免费PDF全文

任自铭  冯仲林  殷世林 《地震工程学报》2009,31(1):21-25

通过数值分析对土质边坡动力响应规律进行研究,发现在土质边坡剖面上动力响应参数分布异常的地方跟通常认为的潜在滑动面有很好的对应关系,说明在坡体内发生较大剪应变处土体的动力特性可能已经发生改变,从而使动力传递异常.  相似文献   

地理信息系统支持下的中国粮食生产潜力研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

党安荣  阎守邕  周艺 《遥感学报》1999,3(3):225-229,248

在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）及全国农业空间数据库和属性数据库的支持下,在前人关于农业生产潜力研究的基础上进行了全国粮食生产潜力的研究。作者首先论述粮食生产潜力研究进展,探讨了基于ＧＩＳ的粮食生产潜力研究方法;然后,就粮食生产潜力的土壤有效系数、土地生产潜力和社会有效系数、社会生产潜力提出了新型的计算模型,并应用机制法通过光、温、水、土、社逐级衰减,具体计算了全国分组粮食生产潜力;最后,针计算结果与实现  相似文献   

Unique landslides (loess slide-flows) induced by an extreme rainstorm in 2018 on the Loess Plateau: A new geological hazard and erosion process     

Li Luo  Wen-Zhao Guo  Pei Tian  Yi-li Liu  Shao-Kun Wang  Jia-Wei Luo 《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(2):228-239

Currently, the vegetation has recovered well in most areas of the Loess Plateau in China, and soil erosion has significantly decreased. However, the heavy rainfall event in July 2018 triggered many instances of a unique type of loess landslides(i.e., slide-flows) on the gully-slopes with vegetation recovery in the Nanxiaohegou Basin on the Loess Plateau. This rainfall event was unusual and was a persistent heavy rainfall. The accumulated rainfall from 24 June to 10 July was 232.2 mm, which compr...  相似文献   

Assessment and prioritization of soil erosion triggering factors using analytical hierarchy process and Taguchi method   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mehdi Hayatzadeh  Vahid Moosavi  Ramyar Aliramaee 《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(3):396-404

The main aims of this study are assessing some factors which affect the soil erosion process and evaluating the results of an analytical hierarchy process(AHP) method using the Taguchi method. Firstly, the weights for those factors and levels affecting soil erosion were determined by the AHP method. The determination of weights was based on the opinions of academic researchers, experts, middle managers,and members of the Soil and Water Research Centers in Iran. Secondly, an L32 Taguchi orthogona...  相似文献   

Unfluidized soil responses of a silty seabed to monochromatic waves   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Shiaw-Yih Tzang 《Coastal Engineering》1998,35(4):283-301

A flume experimental study on unfluidized responses of a silty bed (d₅₀=0.05 mm) to monochromatic water waves had shown that pore pressure variations were generally poro-elastic in the bulk body and displayed two other characteristic features not found in previous laboratory sand tests. They were an immediately fluidized thin surface layer induced by wave stresses inside the seabed's boundary layer and a porous skeleton with internally suspended sediments due to channeled flow motions. The analyses verified that on soils beneath the measurement points, both features resulted in relatively small-step pore pressure build-ups, while the former played a primary role. Besides, laboratory observations confirmed that there were some near-bed sediment suspensions during wave actions resulting in a flat bed form over a silty bed compared to small-scaled ripples over a sandy bed with no clearly identified suspended sediments. These characteristic silt responses suggest that sediment transport is critically associated with the internal soil responses and some field-observed sediment suspensions near above sandy beaches can further be approached in the laboratory by utilizing fine-grained soils.  相似文献   

R型因子分析和聚类分析在内蒙古伊山林场土壤地球化学测量中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

何其芬  尹维民  张秀文  孙波  邱恺毅 《山东国土资源》2015,31(8)

土壤地球化学测量分析元素众多,所成图件数量庞大,因此往往不易判断各元素之间的相关关系。笔者利用R型因子分析和聚类分析方法,对内蒙古伊山林场金矿普查区土壤样品进行分析,研究其元素间的共生组合关系。结果显示,R型因子分析和聚类分析二者对应性较好,有效地划分了元素共生组合类型。  相似文献