Simultaneous waveform inversion for three-dimensional Earth structure and earthquake source parameters considering a wide range of modal coupling     

Tatsuhiko Hara  & Robert J. Geller 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,142(2):539-550

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Environmental problems and geological implications derived from evaporite dissolution in the Barbastro salt anticline (NE Spain)     

P. Lucha  F. Gutiérrez  J. Guerrero 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(5):1045-1055

The halite-bearing Barbastro Formation crops out in the core of the Barbastro Anticline (Ebro Tertiary Basin). This anticline is traversed perpendicularly by some of the most important Pyrenean drainages such as the Cinca and Noguera-Ribagorzana Rivers. The terrace sequences of these fluvial systems have been used as markers to identify and assess dissolution-induced subsidence and salt tectonics. In the limbs of the anticline, terrace deposits underlain by detrital bedrock do not show any evidence of deformation and have a consistent thickness of less than 10 m. The deposits of certain terrace levels of the Noguera-Ribagorzana River and its tributary, the Lo Reguer Creek, are locally thickened filling basins generated by dissolution-induced synsedimentary subsidence up to several kilometers long and more than 100 m deep. Conversely, terraces of the Cinca River do not show anomalously high thicknesses, but local uplifts related to differential upward flow of the halite-bearing bedrock. Locally, a minimum uplift rate of 0.3 mm/year has been estimated from a 64-ka terrace tilted away from the valley. The subsidence hazards occur chiefly in areas where the ground receives artificial water recharge. Serviceability of some canals has been notoriously affected by evaporite karstification. The problem has been mitigated to acceptable levels by grouting. Numerous buildings of Ivars de Noguera are severely damaged by dissolution subsidence, and possibly, by hydrocompaction of gypsiferous silts. The pipe network has been replaced to ameliorate the subsidence risk. In the Cinca River valley, cavities with a total volume of about 180,500 m³ have been created by solution mining at depths greater than 500 m. No investigation methods are applied in the brine field to monitor the distribution and evolution of artificial voids. Substantial increase in salinity of the Cinca River is another evidence of subjacent evaporite dissolution.  相似文献   

河流稀土元素地球化学研究进展   总被引：30，自引：1，他引：30  

王中良  刘丛强  徐志方  韩贵琳  朱建明  张劲 《地球科学进展》2000,15(5):553-540

河流系统中,稀土元素(REE)受区域地质背景、风化作用、溶液化学以及水与颗粒物相互作用等因素的影响发生分异。河流悬浮物显示轻稀土(LREE)适度富集;河水显示重稀土(HREE)富集,或在HREE富集的基础上又有适度的中稀土(MREE)富集;与其它微量元素相比,REE在河水与颗粒物之间有较小的分配系数(K≈10-6);河流沉积物多显示平坦的REE配分模式。  相似文献   

秦巴山区根类中药材气候适宜性区划          下载免费PDF全文

朱琳  陈明彬  朱延年  李再刚  杨丽霞  郑晓华 《陕西气象》2009,(2):13-16

2008年秋冬季节长治市出现了严重的干旱。本文通过对2008年11月-2009年1月份北半球500hPa位势高度场和距平场的分析,发现西太平洋副高较常年强度偏强、脊线偏北、位置较常年同期偏东,西南暖湿气流异常不活跃是造成长治市长时期无降水的主要原因。通过对长治市2008年秋冬季气候要素的描述,分析了大气异常环流造成长治市秋冬季严重干旱的成因,并对秋冬季干旱对农业的影响作了详细分析,提出了干旱应对措施。  相似文献   

Homogeneous freezing of single sulfuric and nitric acid solution drops levitated in an acoustic trap     

Karoline Diehl  Matthias Ettner-Mahl  Anke Hannemann  Subir K. Mitra   《Atmospheric Research》2009,94(2):356-361

The freezing temperatures of single supercooled drops of binary and ternary sulfuric and nitric acid solutions were measured while varying the acid concentration. An acoustic levitator was used which allows to freely suspend single solution drops in air without electrical charges thereby avoiding any electrical influences which may affect the freezing process. The drops of typically 500 µm in radius were monitored by a video camera during cooling cycles down to − 85 °C to simulate the upper tropospheric and stratospheric temperature range. The present data confirm that liquid solution droplets can be supercooled far below the equilibrium melting point by approximately 35 °C. They follow the general trend of the expected freezing temperatures for homogeneous ice nucleation.  相似文献   

云南安楚高速公路大红田隧道涌水分析     

朱春林  邢志会  唐顺  包梅 《云南地质》2010,29(3):323-327

依据大红田隧道水文地质勘察和监测数据,结合前人已有成果,重点探讨隧道涌水特征、涌水影响范围及地下水消失量,并尝试对断流泉出流进行预测。  相似文献   

基于AHP-熵-TOPSIS对极轨气象卫星应用系统健康程度评价指标体系     

邢开云  贾树泽  赵现纲  冯小虎 《气象科技》2020,48(4):482-489

以实现对极轨气象卫星应用系统健康程度进行综合评价为目的,提出结合主观分析的层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)和客观分析的熵权法(Entropy Weight,EW)确定待评价系统指标值的综合权重,再采用逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)对系统的指标进行多角度评价排序来作为最终评价结果。本文根据连续5个月3颗极轨气象卫星在实际业务系统运行中异常指标样本进行实证分析。结果表明该方法较为全面考虑了影响应用系统的多种因素,避免了单一判据的局限性,并对各指标的重要性进行综合对比分析,使得评价结果更科学准确,可以作为构建极轨气象卫星应用系统健康程度评价指标体系的一种方法。  相似文献   

多组份电解质溶液热力学——活度系数和渗透系数与高次极限定律的关联   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨家振  宋彭生 《盐湖研究》1993,(1)

自1973年Pitzer电解质溶液理论问世以来,它在海洋学、地球科学、生物学乃至化工中获得了广泛的应用。本文介绍在实际应用中有重要意义的高次极限定律及与活度系数、渗透系数间的关联,它们是Pitzer理论发展的重要组成部份。  相似文献   

Limestone solution rates and processes in the Waitomo District,New Zealand     

John Gunn 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1981,6(5):427-445

Karst solution processes are investigated on Oligocene limestones in the Waitomo district, west central North Island, New Zealand. Estimates of the inputs, throughputs and outputs of water and dissolved calcium and magnesium in two drainage basins were used to establish the rate of limestone solution by autogenic waters. The best estimate for solution loss from the basins during the study year is 69 m³/km². The potential measurement errors inherent in each parameter used in the erosion rate computations were assessed and the probable maximum and minimum erosion rates were estimated to be 88 and 61 m³/km². In both basins approximately 67 per cent of the annual solute load is transported by flows greater than the mean annual discharge, over 15 per cent being transported by flood flows that are exceeded only 5 per cent of the time. Almost half of the annual load is transported during the three winter months (June-August), but no one month accounts for more than 18 per cent or less than 2.7 per cent of the annual total. Approximately 37 per cent of solution takes place within the soil profile, and most of the remainder is concentrated in 5–10 m of weathered bedrock (the subcutaneous zone) beneath this. Thus, it is likely that at least 85 per cent of the total solutional erosion contributes to the surface lowering of soil and bedrock.  相似文献   

Hydrochemistry and solution rates in gypsum karst: case study from the Western Ukraine   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

A. B. Klimchouk  S. D. Aksem 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(3):307-319

The gypsum karst in the Western Ukraine spreads through a large territory covering more than 20,000 km² and is represented by a range of stages (evolutionary types), from deep-seated through subjacent to entrenched. Correspondingly, hydrogeological settings of karst development, circulation patterns and chemical characteristics of groundwaters differ substantially between the respective areas. Based on 1,800 analyses, this paper summarises hydrochemistry of the gypsum-hosting Miocene aquifer. The majority of sampling has been performed in conjunction with a study regime of gypsum solution rates by means of standard tablets. In this study, which included 53 tablet stations representing varying conditions of water-rock interaction, 644 weight-loss measurements were made over the period 1984–1992. The highest rates are characteristic of entrenched karst although active dissolution is localised along well-defined sinking streams with short underground courses, rare vertical percolation paths and the water table. Lower but still quite substantial rates are characteristic of subjacent and deep-seated (confined) karst. However, the overall dissolution removal is greater due to higher flow through the gypsum and the larger area of rock-solvent contact. The results are generalised in order to derive the approximate solution rates characterising major situations and to be suitable for modeling purposes.  相似文献