岷县漳县6.6级地震发震构造与区域地形地貌特征关系讨论          下载免费PDF全文

葛伟鹏 《地震工程学报》2013,35(4):840-847

为了清晰认识岷县漳县6.6级地震的发震构造环境和区域地貌特征,本文利用DEM（数字高程模型）数据分析了甘东南地区的地形地貌基本特征,结合区域活动断裂分布及其运动学特征讨论了岷县漳县6.6级地震所处在的青藏高原东北缘的区域构造环境和地壳运动学特征,研究了甘肃东南部的基本构造环境、发震断裂的断裂活动性及孕震过程等基本发震条件.主要利用地形剖面方法分析了通过地震震源区的地貌特征,反映出区域地形地貌特征与发震构造的关系,从地貌学角度探讨了区域中上地壳变形特征及孕震过程.最后讨论了区域发震构造、地球动力学背景,通过地形剖面及区域地貌分析了岷县漳县6.6级地震发震构造特点,认为此次地震可能与汶川地震的同震及震后变形过程相关.  相似文献   

SRM融雪径流模型在乌鲁木齐河源区的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

怀保娟  李忠勤  孙美平  肖燕 《干旱区地理》2013,36(1):41-48

 乌鲁木齐河源区发育现代冰川7条,冰川面积5.6 km²,并有大范围的积雪,冰雪消融期融雪径流对乌鲁木齐河贡献显著。应用SRM（snowmelt?runoff model）融雪径流模型来探讨乌鲁木齐河源区融雪期径流情况,利用度日方法,由流域本身特征及参变量获取方法的深入分析来率定模型参数,应用模拟指标Nash-Sutcliffe系数R²=0.702和积差Dv=6.81%来评价模型表现,研究发现：（1）气温、降水作为该模型的直接驱动变量对模型的模拟较为敏感。尝试对乌乌鲁木齐河源区的气温、降水数据进行IDW插值并进行修正,使得模型模拟精度提高,对模型变量的输入精度问题上提供了新的思路;（2）不同高度带上积雪的度日因子并不是稳定的,而度日因子的选取与调整对模型也非常重要;（3）模型本身的局限性也导致模拟精度的降低。结果表明SRM模型可在乌鲁木齐河流域推广应用,这必将对认识和利用乌鲁木齐河流域冰雪水资源具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Early applications of geographical information systems at the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology     

NIGEL J. BROWN  DAVID A. NORRIS 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):153-160

Abstract

The Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) Digital Cartographic Service provides a range of services to the scientists of ITE (and others) including various techniques within the field of geographical information systems (GIS). This paper discusses work of this type as it is applied to specific ITE projects. The emphasis is very much on GIS applications to ‘real ecological science’ such as the ‘acid water’ problem and the change of forest areas into heathland. Some comments are made on fundamental GIS techniques, their use and limitations. At ITE, GIS applications are growing out of an existing use of digital mapping and remote sensing technologies; they have not purchased a GIS system ‘off the shelf.’  相似文献   

Representing and reducing error in natural‐resource classification using model combination     

Z. Huang  B. Lees Corresponding author 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):603-621

Artificial Intelligence (AI) models such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Decision Trees and Dempster–Shafer's Theory of Evidence have long claimed to be more error‐tolerant than conventional statistical models, but the way error is propagated through these models is unclear. Two sources of error have been identified in this study: sampling error and attribute error. The results show that these errors propagate differently through the three AI models. The Decision Tree was the most affected by error, the Artificial Neural Network was less affected by error, and the Theory of Evidence model was not affected by the errors at all. The study indicates that AI models have very different modes of handling errors. In this case, the machine‐learning models, including ANNs and Decision Trees, are more sensitive to input errors. Dempster–Shafer's Theory of Evidence has demonstrated better potential in dealing with input errors when multisource data sets are involved. The study suggests a strategy of combining AI models to improve classification accuracy. Several combination approaches have been applied, based on a ‘majority voting system’, a simple average, Dempster–Shafer's Theory of Evidence, and fuzzy‐set theory. These approaches all increased classification accuracy to some extent. Two of them also demonstrated good performance in handling input errors. Second‐stage combination approaches which use statistical evaluation of the initial combinations are able to further improve classification results. One of these second‐stage combination approaches increased the overall classification accuracy on forest types to 54% from the original 46.5% of the Decision Tree model, and its visual appearance is also much closer to the ground data. By combining models, it becomes possible to calculate quantitative confidence measurements for the classification results, which can then serve as a better error representation. Final classification products include not only the predicted hard classes for individual cells, but also estimates of the probability and the confidence measurements of the prediction.  相似文献   

Curie point depth beneath the Barramiya-Red Sea coast area estimated from spectral analysis of aeromagnetic data     

Sami Hamed Abd El Nabi 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2012,43(1):254-266

The geothermal regime beneath the Barramiya-Red Sea coast area of the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt has been determined by using the Curie point depth, which is temperature dependent. This study is based on the analysis of aeromagnetic data. The depth to the tops and centroid of the magnetic anomalies are calculated by power spectrum method for the whole area. The result of this investigation indicates, two new maps of the Curie point depth (CPD) and the surface heat flow (q) maps of the study area. The coastal regions are characterized by high heat flow (83.6 mW/m²), due to the geothermic nature of the region, and shallow Curie depth (22.5 km), where (CPD) depends on the tectonic regime and morphology in the eastern part of the area. The western portion of the studied area has a lower heat flow (<50 mW/m²) and deeper Curie depth (∼40 km), due to the existence of a large areal extent of negative Bouguer anomaly in the NE-SW direction. In addition to its bordering to the Red Sea margin, such high heat flow anomaly is associated with the increased earthquake swarms activity in the Abu Dabbab area.  相似文献   

Causal models as multiple working hypotheses about environmental processes   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Keith Beven 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2012,344(2):77-88

The environmental modeller faces a dilemma. Science often demands that more and more process representations are incorporated into models (particularly to avoid the possibility of making missing process errors in predicting future response). Testing the causal representations in environmental models (as multiple working hypotheses about the functioning of environmental systems) then depends on specifying boundary conditions and model parameters adequately. This will always be difficult in applications to a real system because of the heterogeneities, non-stationarities, complexities and epistemic uncertainties inherent in environmental prediction. Thus, it can be difficult to define the information content of a data set used in model evaluation and any consequent measures of belief or verisimilitude. A limit of acceptability approach to model evaluation is suggested as a way of testing models, implying that thought is required to define critical experiments that will allow models as hypotheses to be adequately differentiated.  相似文献   

珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷气烟囱特征及成藏模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何永垚  王英民  许翠霞  常圆 《海相油气地质》2012,(3):62-66

以高分辨率三维地震资料为基础,结合地震属性,在珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷识别出了大量的气烟囱现象。气烟囱可分为根部、过路区和顶部三个组成单元,各个单元具有不同的地震异常特征,主要通过同相轴的侧向变化,振幅、频率、连续性的局部增强和减弱,AVO响应以及它们的组合来识别。气烟囱根部是气体释压的初始部位,是气源供应区;过路区是流体泄压所经过的区带,在整个气烟囱结构的空间中占有主体地位;顶部常形成气藏。对白云凹陷建立了气烟囱顶部聚集和侧翼聚集两种气藏成藏模式,它们均由古近系文昌组—恩平组的河湖相沉积提供烃源。  相似文献   

云南普洱李新田铅锌矿成矿模式     

刘丽华  李章雄 《云南地质》2012,(1):47-49,35

矿床受大型逆冲推覆构造带控制,具有良好的成矿条件和地质构造背景,矿区找矿潜力很好,值得进一步工作。  相似文献   

陕西商南金丝峡地质公园岩溶峡谷演化模式研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭力宇  尤向治  吴成基  薛滨瑞  高文义 《地球学报》2012,33(5):826-834

陕西商南金丝峡国家地质公园成立于2009年8月,以岩溶峡谷、多层岩溶溶洞及十三级瀑布群地质遗迹为特色,包括白龙峡景区、黑龙峡景区、青龙峡景区、石燕寨景区及丹江源景区五大景区,是我国著名的岩溶峡谷型地质公园。岩溶峡谷地质遗迹具有多样性,在空间上总体有隘谷-嶂谷-峡谷(狭义)展布的规律。公园位于南秦岭构造带,岩石主要由白云岩、白云质灰岩、石灰岩组成,该岩溶峡谷景观系统的形成在秦岭具有典型性,与公园岩石地层、断裂构造、崩塌作用、新构造运动及溶蚀性径流侵蚀等因素密切相关,其形成机理具有自身的独特性,称之为"金丝峡模式",即岩溶峡谷谷坡崩塌式后退、平面上呈鱼鳞状扩展的峡谷演化模式。  相似文献   

区域海气耦合模式研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邹立维  周天军 《地球科学进展》2012,27(8):857-865

区域海气耦合模式是进行区域尺度气候模拟和预估的重要工具,近年来得到快速发展。在阐述区域海气耦合过程重要性的基础上,对当今国内外主要的区域海气耦合模式研究进展进行总结,归纳区域海气耦合模拟所关注的核心科学问题,介绍区域海气耦合模式的技术特点。发展基于耦合器且无通量订正的区域海气耦合模式是区域海气耦合模式发展的主流方向。当前国际上区域海气耦合模拟所关注的主要科学问题,包括区域海气耦合模式对区域海洋过程的模拟、区域海气耦合模式对区域大气过程的模拟、亚洲—西北太平洋季风模拟及其耦合模拟海表面温度(SST)冷偏差问题、热带海气相互作用过程模拟,以及区域海气耦合模式对未来气候变化的预估研究等。对上述5个方面科学问题的研究思路和主要科学结论进行总结,重点关注针对亚洲—西北太平洋季风区的区域海气耦合模拟研究,对区域海气耦合过程改进亚洲—西北太平洋地区降水模拟的物理机制,及在该区域模拟SST冷偏差的成因亦进行相关归纳和总结。最后提出当前区域海气耦合模拟亟待解决的关键科学问题。  相似文献