2013年海洋和大气环流异常及对中国气候的影响     

司东  袁媛  崔童  孙冷  王东阡  柳艳菊  郭艳君  王遵娅 《气象》2014,40(4):494-501

本文对2013年海洋和大气环流异常特征进行分析,讨论这些异常特征对中国气温和降水的主要影响。结果表明：2012/2013年冬季,北极涛动持续维持负位相,500 hPa位势高度场上,欧亚大陆中高纬环流呈“两槽一脊”的环流形势,乌拉尔山的高压脊持续偏强,而东亚槽也异常偏强,导致全国平均气温较常年同期偏低。季内,西伯利亚高压强度变化显著,与之相对应,我国气温季内阶段性变化大,前冬冷、后冬暖。进一步研究表明,前秋北极海冰的大幅偏少是造成东亚冬季风偏强的重要原因。2013年冬季至夏季,赤道中东太平洋海温异常偏低而海洋性大陆至西太平洋海温异常偏高,受此影响,夏季西太平洋副热带高压位置明显偏北,导致我国北方夏季多雨。与此同时,受西太平洋副热带高压下沉气流的控制,我国南方大部高温持续。2013年南海夏季风爆发偏早两候,结束偏晚4候,强度偏弱。  相似文献   

城市热岛和海风环流相互作用的数值模拟研究进展   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

苗峻峰 《南京气象学院学报》2014,(4):521-528

在沿海城市地区,城市热岛环流和海风环流往往同时存在;它们在空气污染物的传输和扩散中均起至关重要的作用,对强对流天气亦有重要的触发作用.随着城市化的发展,空气污染等环境问题变得越来越严峻,突然性强对流天气所造成的灾害也越来越严重.因此,沿海城市地区城市热岛和海风环流相互作用的研究受到日益广泛的关注.本文回顾了近30 a来国内外关于城市热岛和海风环流相互作用数值模拟的研究历史,分析了目前的研究现状及存在的一些问题,概述了城市化、城市热岛对海风环流的影响,海风对城市热岛、城市热岛环流的影响,以及城市热岛环流和海风环流的耦合效应.最后,本文提出了一些有待于研究或需深入研究的问题;这些问题的研究将有助于进一步揭示沿海城市地区空气污染动力学机制、强对流天气触发机制.  相似文献   

2013/2014年东亚冬季风异常偏弱的可能成因   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

司东  李清泉  柳艳菊  王遵娅  袁媛  王东阡 《气象》2014,40(7):891-897

2005年之后东亚冬季风连续7年强度偏强,而2013/2014年冬季,东亚冬季风强度突然由强转弱,原因可能与前期秋季北极海冰的异常有关,受2013年秋季北极海冰异常影响,冬季西伯利亚高压偏弱,进而导致东亚冬季风偏弱以及我国气温偏高。季内,东亚冬季风强度变化显著,前冬偏弱,后冬偏强。受冬季风季节内变化影响,我国前冬暖、后冬冷;此外,前冬暖、后冬冷还受到北太平洋上空阻塞高压的异常活动影响,北太平洋地区的阻塞高压加强西移至日界线以西,导致东亚地区经向型环流加强,改变了前冬以纬向型为主的环流,前冬高纬地区堆积的冷空气向东亚地区侵袭。加之,前冬我国气温偏高,导致后冬我国多地降温显著,气温由偏高转偏低。而阻塞高压的西移可能与平流层环流的异常活动有关。  相似文献   

渤海海效应暴雪云特征的观测分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郑怡  高山红  吴增茂 《应用气象学报》2014,25(1):71-82

利用静止卫星 (GMS-5, GOES-9, MTSAT) 红外数据与CloudSat卫星云剖面雷达数据、NCEP FNL分析资料与常规观测资料,对2001—2010年发生的12次渤海海效应暴雪过程中云的演变特征、渤海热力作用与暴雪云团垂直结构及相态组成进行了观测分析。发现不同生成源地的暴雪云通常在渤海上快速发展,云中多存在水平范围可达100~300 km的密实条状或块状云团,其下对应主要降雪区域;暴雪云生成源地可分为渤海湾及莱州湾附近、渤海中部、辽东湾附近3种,暴雪云在海上移动主要受850 hPa风场影响;渤海暖海面与其上冷空气间的热量、水汽交换形成的不稳定层结条件,导致暴雪云进一步发展;暴雪云发展旺盛时期高度可达4 km,其冰水含量最大值达600 mg·m-3且主要集中在2 km高度附近,平均值可达303 mg·m-3,冰粒子有效半径最大值约为120 μm,平均值约为91 μm。  相似文献   

Effects of meridional sea surface temperature changes on stratospheric temperature and circulation   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

HU Dingzhu  TIAN Wenshou  XIE Fei  SHU Jianchuan  Sandip  DHOMSE 《大气科学进展》2014,31(4):888-900

Using a state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model,we analyzed the atmospheric responses to increases in sea surface temperature （SST）.The results showed that increases in SST and the SST meridional gradient could intensify the subtropical westerly jets and significantly weaken the northern polar vortex.In the model runs,global uniform SST increases produced a more significant impact on the southern stratosphere than the northern stratosphere,while SST gradient increases produced a more significant impact on the northern stratosphere.The asymmetric responses of the northern and southern polar stratosphere to SST meridional gradient changes were found to be mainly due to different wave properties and transmissions in the northern and southern atmosphere.Although SST increases may give rise to stronger waves,the results showed that the effect of SST increases on the vertical propagation of tropospheric waves into the stratosphere will vary with height and latitude and be sensitive to SST meridional gradient changes.Both uniform and non-uniform SST increases accelerated the large-scale Brewer-Dobson circulation （BDC）,but the gradient increases of SST between 60°S and 60°N resulted in younger mean age-of-air in the stratosphere and a larger increase in tropical upwelling,with a much higher tropopause than from a global uniform 1.0 K SST increase.  相似文献   

An Overview of BCC Climate System Model Development and Application for Climate Change Studies          下载免费PDF全文

WU Tongwen  SONG Lianchun  LI Weiping  WANG Zaizhi  ZHANG Hu  XIN Xiaoge  ZHANG Yanwu  ZHANG Li  LI Jianglong  WU Fanghu  LIU Yiming  ZHANG Fang  SHI Xueli  CHU Min  ZHANG Jie  FANG Yongjie  WANG Fang  LU Yixiong  LIU Xiangwen  WEI Min  LIU Qianxi  ZHOU Wenyan  DONG Min  ZHAO Qigeng  JI Jinjun  Laurent LI  ZHOU Mingyu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(1):34-56

This paper reviews recent progress in the development of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model(BCC-CSM) and its four component models(atmosphere,land surface,ocean,and sea ice).Two recent versions are described:BCC-CSM1.1 with coarse resolution(approximately 2.8125°×2.8125°) and BCC-CSM1.1(m) with moderate resolution(approximately 1.125°×1.125°).Both versions are fully coupled climate-carbon cycle models that simulate the global terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycles and include dynamic vegetation.Both models well simulate the concentration and temporal evolution of atmospheric CO_2 during the 20th century with anthropogenic CO2 emissions prescribed.Simulations using these two versions of the BCC-CSM model have been contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase five(CMIP5) in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report(AR5).These simulations are available for use by both national and international communities for investigating global climate change and for future climate projections.Simulations of the 20th century climate using BCC-CSMl.l and BCC-CSMl.l(m) are presented and validated,with particular focus on the spatial pattern and seasonal evolution of precipitation and surface air temperature on global and continental scales.Simulations of climate during the last millennium and projections of climate change during the next century are also presented and discussed.Both BCC-CSMl.l and BCC-CSMl.l(m) perform well when compared with other CMIP5 models.Preliminary analyses indicate that the higher resolution in BCC-CSM1.1(m) improves the simulation of mean climate relative to BCC-CSMl.l,particularly on regional scales.  相似文献   

Climatology of Lightning Activity over the Indian Seas     

M.I.R. Tinmaker  M.Y. Aslam 《大气与海洋》2014,52(4):314-320

The climatology of lightning activity over the Indian seas (Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB)) has been studied using monthly satellite-based lightning flash count grid (0.5°?×?0.5°) data from 1998 to 2007. These data have been used to investigate the annual and seasonal variations in lightning activity over the Indian seas. It was found that annual variations in flash rate density and sea surface temperature (SST) show a bimodal pattern with the first peak occurring in May and the second in October. The correlation coefficients between flash rate density and SSTs are 0.76 and 0.65 for the AS and BoB, respectively. Further, the relationship between flash rate density and a low pressure system (LPS) over the BoB shows that the formation of severe tropical cyclonic storms starts during April with the maximum number of storms forming during August. The performance of monsoon on a seasonal and monthly basis depends on the total number of lows, the formation of a depression in the monsoon trough, and the number of days with an LPS. Secular decreases in the number of lows and monsoon depressions were observed in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Overall, results indicate that the peaks in SST during April and September/October over the AS and the BoB may be responsible for advancing the onset of the southwest and northeast monsoon by 30–40 days.  相似文献   

Western Arctic Cyclones and Equilibrium between the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and the Sea Surface     

R. L. Raddatz  R. J. Galley  B. G. Else  T. N. Papakyriakou  M. G. Asplin  L. M. Candlish 《大气与海洋》2014,52(2):125-141

The data-collection campaign for the 2008 International Polar Year–Circumpolar Flaw Lead System Study saw the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Amundsen, a research icebreaker, overwinter in high-concentration unconsolidated sea ice in Amundsen Gulf. Environmental monitoring continued into the open-water season. During this period, the Amundsen registered five relatively deep mean sea-level pressure minima (less than 100?kPa). Three were selected for further analysis based on season and the nature of the underlying ocean or sea-ice surface: (1) a winter pressure minimum over unconsolidated sea ice, (2) a spring pressure minimum which likely contributed to the break-up of the sea-ice cover on Amundsen Gulf, and (3) a summer pressure minimum over open water. The characteristics of these pressure minima and the impact of their passage on the atmospheric boundary layer and on the sea-ice cover as they crossed Amundsen Gulf were examined. Several features were revealed by the analysis. (1) The winter and summer pressure minima were migratory cyclones accompanied by Arctic frontal waves with characteristics very similar to the polar frontal waves associated with the migratory cyclones found at more southerly latitudes, whereas the spring pressure minimum was attributed to an Arctic frontal trough of low pressure with the cyclonic centre remaining south of the Gulf. (2) The passage of the frontal-wave cyclone in winter and the frontal trough of low pressure in spring disrupted the equilibrium that had been established during more settled periods between the atmospheric boundary layer and the mosaic surface (leads, polynyas, and sea ice); however, equilibrium was quickly re-established. (3) In summer, the thermal structure of the lower atmospheric boundary layer persisted through the passage of the frontal-wave cyclone over the open-water surface. (4) The passage of the frontal-wave cyclone in winter and the frontal trough of low pressure in spring modified the mesoscale sea-icescape.  相似文献   

Impact of vegetation feedback on the mid-Pliocene warm climate     

ZHANG Ran  JIANG Dabang 《大气科学进展》2014,31(6):1407-1416

Studying the vegetation feedback during warm periods of the past can lead to better understanding of those in the future.In this study,we conducted several simulations to analyze vegetation feedback during the mid-Pliocene warm period.The results indicate that the main features of vegetation change in the mid-Pliocene were a northward shift of needleleaf tree,an expansion of broadleaf tree and shrub,and a northward expansion of grass,as compared to the pre-industrial period.The global annual mean warming ratio caused by vegetation feedback was 12.1％,and this warming ratio was much larger in northern middle and high latitudes.The warming caused by vegetation change was directly related to the surface albedo change and was further amplified by snow/sea ice-albedo feedback.  相似文献   

北部湾经济区陆海统一似大地水准面精化关键技术研究北大核心CSCD     

潘正强  钟昌海  左天恵  林自乐  孔建  唐长增 《测绘通报》2022,(8):123-127

针对北部湾经济区生态文明建设、海洋资源利用和海洋应急救援事件处置等缺乏统一的陆海高程基准等难题,本文首先利用广西北部湾经济区2764项重力数据和8项GNSS水准数据,应用第二类Helmert凝聚法,反演得到广西北部湾海域及沿大陆海岸线向内陆延伸约15 000 km^(2)区域内置信度较高的重力似大地水准面;然后参考重力场选取EIGEN6C4模型,重力似大地水准面对比8项GNSS水准资料,其精度达2.2 cm;最后采用球冠调和分析方法,将2′×2′格网似大地水准面精度提高至1.6 cm,并将陆地高程基准传递到广西北部湾海域及其海岛上,实现该区域陆海高程基准的统一。  相似文献