Turbulence-induced steady streaming in an oscillating boundary layer: On the reliability of turbulence closure models     

Luca Cavallaro  Pietro Scandura  Enrico Foti 《Coastal Engineering》2011

The accuracy of several closure models of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Equations in predicting the characteristics of an oscillating turbulent wall boundary layer is analyzed. The analysis involves four low Reynolds number k − ε models and a k − ω model and it is carried out by comparing the model results both with experimental data and with data obtained by a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the Navier–Stokes equations. The boundary layer is generated by a spatially constant time-oscillating pressure gradient given by the sum of two harmonic components characterized by angular frequencies Ω^∗ and 2Ω^∗ respectively, which generates a steady streaming because of the asymmetry of turbulence intensity during the cycle. Thus the results are relevant to the boundary layer at the bottom of nonlinear sea waves. The attention is therefore focused on the accuracy of the models in reproducing the period averaged profiles of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the steady streaming. The instantaneous quantities, such as time development of the wall shear stress, profiles of the streamwise velocity, Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy are also considered and analyzed. The results shows that a model can be judged better or worse than other models depending on the specific flow characteristic under investigation. However, an approach has been adopted which allowed to rank the models according to their accuracy in predicting the values of the hydrodynamic quantities involved in the present study.  相似文献   

Vertical Structure Of Turbulence In Offshore Flow During Rasex     

L. Mahrt  Dean Vickers  Jim Edson  James M. Wilczak  Jeff Hare  Jørgen Højstrup 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,100(1):47-61

The adjustment of the boundary layer immediately downstream froma coastline is examined based on two levels of eddy correlation data collected on a mast at the shore and six levels of eddy correlation data and profiles of mean variables collected from a mast 2 km offshore during the Risø Air-Sea Experiment. The characteristics of offshore flow are studied in terms of case studies and inter-variable relationships for the entire one-month data set. A turbulent kinetic energy budget is constructed for each case study.The buoyancy generation of turbulence is small compared to shear generation and dissipation. However, weakly stable and weakly unstable cases exhibit completely different vertical structure. With flow of warm air from land over cooler water, modest buoyancy destruction of turbulence and reduced shear generation of turbulence over the less rough sea surface cause the turbulence to rapidly weaken downstream from the coast. The reduction of downward mixing of momentum by the stratification leads to smaller roughness lengths compared to the unstable case. Shear generation at higher levels and advection of stronger turbulence from land often lead to an increase of stress and turbulence energy with height and downward transport of turbulence energy toward the surface.With flow of cool air over a warmer sea surface, a convective internal boundary layer develops downstream from the coast. An overlying relatively thick layer of downward buoyancy flux (virtual temperature flux) is sometimes maintained by shear generation in the accelerating offshore flow.  相似文献   

Wind-Tunnel Study Of Atmospheric Stable Boundary Layers Over A Rough Surface     

Yuji Ohya 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,98(1):57-82

Wind-tunnel simulations of theatmospheric stable boundary layer (SBL) developedover a rough surface were conducted by using athermally stratified wind tunnel at the Research Institutefor Applied Mechanics (RIAM), Kyushu University. Thepresent experiment is a continuation of the workcarried out in a wind tunnel at Colorado StateUniversity (CSU), where the SBL flows were developed over asmooth surface. Stably stratified flows were createdby heating the wind-tunnel airflow to a temperature ofabout 40–50°and by cooling the test-section floor toa temperature of about 10°. To simulate therough surface, a chain roughness was placed over thetest-section floor. We have investigated the buoyancyeffect on the turbulent boundary layer developed overthis rough surface for a wide range of stability,particularly focusing on the turbulence structure andtransport process in the very stable boundary layer.The present experimental results broadly confirm theresults obtained in the CSU experiment with the smoothsurface, and emphasizes the following features: thevertical profiles of turbulence statistics exhibitdifferent behaviour in two distinct stability regimes with weak and strong stability,corresponding to the difference in the verticalprofiles of the local Richardson number. The tworegimes are separated by the critical Richardsonnumber. The magnitudes in turbulence intensities andturbulent fluxes for the weak stability regime aremuch greater than those of the CSU experiments becauseof the greater surface roughness. For the very stableboundary layer, the turbulent fluxes of momentum andheat tend to vanish and wave-like motions due to theKelvin–Helmholtz instability and the rolling up andbreaking of those waves can be observed. Furthermore,the appearance of internal gravity waves is suggestedfrom cross-spectrum analyses.  相似文献   

大武水源地地下水环境模拟与石油污染控制研究     

李铎  宋雪琳等 《城市地质》2001,13(4):20-24

大武水源地是山东省内唯一的大型地下水水源地，由于相邻的堠皋地段地下水被石油污染，大武水源地面临着严重的石油污染威胁。本文通过对地下水环境模拟和地下水环境控制模拟的研究，提出在堠皋地段设置 地下水截流带，控制已污染的地下水向大武水源地径流。为达到保护大武水源地的目的，提出石油污染治理建议。  相似文献   

Earthquake response of hysteretic mass-column using non-Gaussian closure     

G. Tsiatas 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1991,10(5)

A non-Gaussian closure scheme based on the Edgeworth expansion of the probability density function is used to study the response of a hysteretic structure under random parametric excitation. The system considered consists of a weightless mass supporting a concentrated mass and it is subjected to the vertical and horizontal components of the ground acceleration modeled as nonstationary Gaussian white noise processes. The material of the structure exhibits bilinear hysteretic behaviour. The equation governing the motion of the system is transformed into an Itô stochastic differential equation. A set of ordinary differential equations governing the response statistics are obtained. These form an infinite hierarchy of equations which must be truncated in order to solve for moments of any order. The Edgeworth expansion of the joint density is used to truncate this infinite hierarchy. Such a closure scheme appears desirable since for hysteretic systems an explicit expression of the probability density is required. A frequently used closure scheme based on Gaussian assumption underestimates the response. The non-Gaussian density can be used in reliability studies.  相似文献   

The influence of microform bed roughness elements on flow and sediment transport in gravel bed rivers: Comment on a paper by marwan A. Hassan and ian reid     

Nicholas J. Clifford  Keith S. Richards  Andre Robert 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1992,17(5):529-534

Data from Turkey Brook are used to demonstrate that the interaction between gravel bedforms, flow resistance and bedload transport is a dynamic one, both between and within hydrographs. and that creation of a significant component of form drag through construction of microforms (pebble clusters) may precede the eventual break-up of the bed in a transport event. This process of drag augmentation', which can be seen as a feedback mechanism delaying transport and can be likened to dilation of a soil tested in a direct shear apparatus, itself appears to be dependent on the characteristics of turbulence, and therefore involves feedback at a finer resolution than envisaged by Hassan and Reid (1990).  相似文献   

城市大气边界层的数值研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

李乐泉  李兴生 《大气科学》1992,16(2):237-247

本文利用能量闭合的二维非线性、非定常模式,结合地面热量平衡方程,研究了城市热岛和城市热岛环流以及其它相关的城市边界层参量的发展演变规律;同时探讨了在城市污染面源的情况下,污染物的扩散、输送问题.模拟结果得到了天津市城市热岛观测资料的证实.  相似文献   

局地环流与大气边界层湍流相互作用的数值研究     

齐瑛  傅抱璞 《高原气象》1992,11(1):12-32

本文建立了一个二维定常大气中尺度数值模式，并用该模式讨论了由下垫面粗糙分布非均匀（局地动力强迫）和温度分布非均匀（局地热力强迫）而产生的局地大气环流与大气边界层湍流的相互作用。结果指出：下垫面存在温度分布非均匀时运动方程中的湍流交换项与水平气压梯项一样可促使局地热力环境的形成，由粗糙度分布非均匀强迫产生的局地环流与由下垫面温度分布非均匀强迫产和的局地热力环流间的非线笥相互作用是通过湍流交换实现的。  相似文献   

从单摆到混沌,从孤波到湍流     

刘式达  刘式适 《地球物理学进展》1993,8(1):18-33

我们从单摆运动规律入手论述非线性动力学.有关非线性动力学的一些概念如混沌、吸引子、分形、Lyapunov 指数和自组织临界性等都作了讨论,并且评论了混沌和同宿轨道,同宿轨道和孤波,孤波和湍流.湍流和自组织临界性之间的关系.这些为进一步研究非线性动力学提供了线索.  相似文献   

Atmospheric turbulence theory applied to GPS carrier-phase data   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Steffen Schön  Fritz K. Brunner 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(1):47-57

Turbulent irregularities in the lower atmosphere cause physical correlations between Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase measurements. Based on turbulence theory, a variance–covariance model is developed in this paper that reflects these correlations. The main result shows that the obtained fully-populated variance–covariance matrices depend not only on the satellite-station geometry, but also on the prevailing atmospheric conditions, which are parameterised by, e.g., the von Karman spectrum of refractivity fluctuations and the wind velocity vector. It is shown that the amount of the correlation between two GPS carrier-phase observations is inversely related to the separation distance of the corresponding ray paths through the turbulent atmosphere. Furthermore, the wind velocity and direction play a key role in the correlation.  相似文献