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991.
992.
Manuela Magliocchetti Steve J. Maddox Ed Hawkins John A. Peacock Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Shaun Cole Matthew Colless Chris Collins Warrick Couch Gavin Dalton Roberto de Propris Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Carlos S. Frenk Karl Glazebrook Carole A. Jackson Bryn Jones Ofer Lahav Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Peder Norberg Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,350(4):1485-1494
993.
根据实际应用研制制冷控制系统,该系统采用温度测量、PID控制及PWM脉宽调制等技术实现了对目标对象的制冷处理,具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
994.
?????????????????????????????????????ó???????????????????????仯??????1???????????仯????????????????NNW-SSE??????????3~9 kPa a-1???????????仯???????????????NEE-SWW??????????1~6 kPa a-1?????????????????????????????????????£?2???????????仯????????????????NNW????????????????,??????????????????????????????????仯???????????????NEE????????λ?????????????????????仯????????????????????????????????????????????п????????Щ???????????????????3?????????????????????????????????з???????????-???ε???????????????????6 kPa a-1?????-?????ε???????????????????5 kPa a-1???????κ??????媲????ε????????????????????3~4 kPa a-1?? 相似文献
995.
数字地图生产流程中质量的数据控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高晓梅 《地球信息科学学报》2001,3(4):53-56
本文将着重讨论在ISO9001质量控制体系下、数字地图生产流程中影响地图质量的各类数据文件的设定与控制,从而进一步探讨在电子出版系统及CTP系统中,数字地图生产规范化、标准化、程序化作业的质量控制内容及方法。 相似文献
996.
For decades, stochastic modellers have used computerized random number generators to produce random numeric sequences fitting a specified statistical distribution. Unfortunately, none of the random number generators we tested satisfactorily produced the target distribution. The result is generated distributions whose mean even diverges from the mean used to generate them, regardless of the length of run. Non‐uniform distributions from short sequences of random numbers are a major problem in stochastic climate generation, because truly uniform distributions are required to produce the intended climate parameter distributions. In order to ensure generation of a representative climate with the stochastic weather generator CLIGEN within a 30‐year run, we tested the climate output resulting from various random number generators. The resulting distributions of climate parameters showed significant departures from the target distributions in all cases. We traced this failure back to the uniform random number generators themselves. This paper proposes a quality control approach to select only those numbers that conform to the expected distribution being retained for subsequent use. The approach is based on goodness‐of‐fit analysis applied to the random numbers generated. Normally distributed deviates are further tested with confidence interval tests on their means and standard deviations. The positive effect of the new approach on the climate characteristics generated and the subsequent deterministic process‐based hydrology and soil erosion modelling are illustrated for four climatologically diverse sites. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
997.
We briefly review recent developments in black hole accretion disk theory, emphasizing the vital role played by magnetohydrodynamic
(MHD) stresses in transporting angular momentum. The apparent universality of accretion-related outflow phenomena is a strong
indicator that large-scale MHD torques facilitate vertical transport of angular momentum. This leads to an enhanced overall
rate of angular momentum transport and allows accretion of matter to proceed at an interesting rate. Furthermore, we argue
that when vertical transport is important, the radial structure of the accretion disk is modified at small radii and this
affects the disk emission spectrum. We present a simple model demonstrating how energetic, magnetically-driven outflows modify
the emergent disk emission spectrum with respect to that predicted by standard accretion disk theory. A comparison of the
predicted spectra against observations of quasar spectral energy distributions suggests that mass accretion rates inferred
using the standard disk model may be severely underestimated. 相似文献
998.
999.
Evolution of scouring process downstream of grade‐control structures under steady and unsteady flows
For many incised channels, one of the most common strategies is to install some hard structures, such as grade‐control structures (GCSs), in the riverbed to resist further incision. In this study, a series of experiments, including both steady and unsteady flow conditions, were conducted to investigate the scouring process downstream of a GCS. Three distinct phases, including the initial, developing and equilibrium phases, during the evolution of scour holes were identified. In addition, a semi‐empirical method was proposed to predict the equilibrium scour‐hole profile for the scour countermeasure design. In general, the comparisons between the experimental and simulated results are reasonably consistent. As the studies on temporal variation of the scour depth at GCSs caused by floods are limited, the effect of flood hydrograph shapes on the scour downstream of GCSs without upstream sediment supply was also investigated experimentally in this study. Based on the dimensional analysis and the concept of superposition, a methodology is proposed to simulate the time evolution of the maximum scour depth downstream of a GCS for steady flows. Moreover, the proposed scheme predicts reasonably well the temporal variations of the maximum scour depth for unsteady flows with both single and multiple peak. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
1000.